CN107992667B - Method for searching micro-amplitude structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for searching a micro-amplitude structure, which comprises the following steps: selecting all closed contour lines in the structural diagram, generating closed contour line trees according to the mutual inclusion relationship, analyzing each contour line tree, and judging whether the region is of a micro low point structure or a micro high point structure; selecting all non-closed contour lines with the head and the tail intersected with the fault line in the structural diagram, generating a closed polygon by each non-closed contour line and the intersected fault line, attaching attribute values of corresponding contour lines, and judging that the region is a micro-broken trench structure or a micro-broken nose structure; generating a second-order differential mesh curved surface by constructing an original network background curved surface of the graph, tracking the contour of the second-order differential mesh curved surface to obtain a contour map, obtaining all closed second-order differential contours by adopting the method in the step S1, and deleting the repeated parts, wherein the remaining contour polygon is a micro-nose structure or a groove structure. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, high microstructure tracking speed and good effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum geology, in particular to a method for searching a micro-amplitude structure.
Background
In the micro-amplitude structure research in the field of petroleum geology, firstly, the micro-amplitude structures need to be recognized in a structural diagram of the top surface of an oil bed group, the micro-amplitude structures are manually drawn by workers according to an isoline state, and if the micro-amplitude structures can be automatically recognized by a computer, the workload can be greatly reduced, and the research and production efficiency can be improved.
(1) Type of microstructure (as shown in FIG. 1)
64 micro-width structures are identified in a certain work area in China. The number of the positive micro-amplitude structures is 37, the cumulative area is 2.536Km2, the structural area is 0.02-0.44Km2, the structural amplitude is 3-20 m, the number of the micro-nose structures is mainly micro-nose shapes (31), the number of the micro-broken noses is 6, the number of the negative micro-amplitude structures is 27, the cumulative area is 1.666Km2, the structural area is 0.02-0.159Km2, the structural amplitude is 3-20 m, and the number of the micro-broken grooves (9), the number of the micro-grooves (17) and the number of the micro-low points (1) are mainly adopted. The microstructure at the high part of the structure grows more than the slope parts at the east and west sides, and the area is larger. The identification of the micro-amplitude structure is mainly identified according to the type and the definition method in fig. 1, and is divided into six types, namely a forward micro-structure micro-anticline type, a micro-nose type, a micro-broken nose type, a reverse micro-structure micro-low point type, a micro-groove type and a micro-broken groove type, and the relative height difference can be customized, as shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 3 shows that the identified micro-amplitude structure also needs to count the following micro-amplitude structure table. Fig. 4a to 4e are schematic views of five types of microstructures of a micro-broken nose, a micro-nose shape, a micro-low point, a micro-broken groove and a micro-groove, respectively.
The two existing technologies for realizing the above two requirements are mainly as follows: and (5) identifying by naked eyes manually and circling out manually.
The two requirements are not enough:
1) The workload is large and the efficiency is low. The work load is very large because each area of the oil production plant for researching the microstructure of the precipitation unit is 160 fine layers to be researched, and the work load is reduced if automatic identification can be realized.
2) There may be omissions, inaccurate lookups, and incompleteness.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical drawbacks mentioned.
To this end, the invention proposes a method for finding a micro-amplitude structure.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for finding a micro-amplitude structure, including the following steps:
s1, selecting all closed contour lines in a structural diagram, generating closed contour line trees according to the mutual inclusion relationship, and analyzing each contour line tree, wherein the steps comprise: when the attribute value of the contour line of the outermost circle is larger than the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle, judging that the area is a micro-low point structure; when the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle is larger than that of the contour line of the outermost circle, judging that the area is a micro-high point structure;
s2, selecting all non-closed contour lines intersecting the fault lines from head to tail in the construction drawing, generating a closed polygon by each non-closed contour line and the intersecting fault lines, attaching attribute values of the corresponding contour lines, and judging that the area is a micro-broken-groove structure when the attribute value of the contour line of the outermost circle is greater than the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle; when the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle is larger than that of the contour line of the outermost circle, judging that the area is of a micro-broken nose structure;
and S3, generating a second-order differential mesh curved surface by constructing an original network background curved surface of the graph, tracking contours of the second-order differential mesh curved surface to obtain a contour map, obtaining all closed second-order differential contours by adopting a method for searching micro low points and micro high points in the step S1, comparing all the obtained closed second-order differential contours with the micro low point constructed contours and the micro high point constructed contours in the step S1 and the micro broken groove constructed contours and the micro broken nose constructed contours in the step S2, and deleting a repeated part, wherein the remaining contours are micro broken noses or groove structures.
Further, in the step S1, the outermost circle of contours is selected according to the root node area and the height difference between the root node and the leaf node of each contour tree.
Further, the generating the second-order differential mesh curved surface by the construction diagram original network background curved surface includes the following steps:
second order difference in x direction for grid nodes with sequence number (i, j) and attribute value Zi, j
Second order difference in Y direction
Taking absolute value of the second order difference in two directions and calculating the maximum value
Z″(i,j)＝max(|Z″ x (i,j)|,|Z″ y (i,j)|)；
If the (i, j) node is at the boundary or fault, the second order difference value is 0
Further, in the step S3, performing contour tracing on the second-order differential mesh curved surface to obtain a contour map, including: and selecting an isoline tracking range and a step length according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the second-order differential grid surface attribute.
Further, in the step S3, the method further includes the steps of: averaging the original grid nodes in each remaining contour line, and counting the number nUpper of the nodes which are more than the average value and the number nBelow of the nodes which are less than the average value; when nUpper > nBelow, the contour polygon is judged to be a micro-nose structure, and when nUpper < nBelow, the contour polygon is judged to be a groove structure.
According to the method for searching the micro-amplitude structure, the contour line tree generated between the closed contour lines in the structural diagram is tracked as a micro low point/a micro high point, the contour lines with the intersecting head and tail and the fault are connected with the corresponding broken lines to generate a closed polygon to track the micro broken nose/the micro broken groove; and tracking the six types of microstructures by using a second-order differential curved surface to track the micro nose/micro groove.
The method for searching the micro-amplitude structure has the following beneficial effects:
1. the operation is simple, and the user only needs to select data and perform some simple interactions. The workload of the user is greatly reduced.
2. The micro-structure tracking speed is high, the effect is good, and the conformity with the original contour line is high. The user requirements are well met.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a type of microstructure;
FIG. 2 is a deposition cell microstructure distribution plot;
FIGS. 3a and 3b are micro-amplitude build tables;
FIGS. 4a to 4e are schematic views of five types of microstructures of a micro-broken nose, a micro-nose shape, a micro-low point, a micro-broken groove and a micro-groove, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method of micro-amplitude texture lookup in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a closed contour line found by the micro high point and the micro low point according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a relationship tree for micro high point and micro low point lookup according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a closed polygon for a microburst, microburst groove search, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a contour line of a micro-nose, micro-groove search in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a background grid second order differential grid for micro-nose, micro-groove search, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 11a and 11b are a graph of an original mesh surface and a graph of a second order differential mesh surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a resulting micro-nose, micro-groove polygon of a micro-nose, micro-groove lookup in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a micro-nose, micro-groove alignment with an original contour according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a manually plotted microstructural area map of a micro-nose, micro-groove search in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a diagram of the microstructure areas found by the auto-tracking algorithm for micro-nose, micro-groove search, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a diagram of an input interface for a micro-architectural lookup in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is an interface diagram of parameter settings according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a diagram of a micro-nose/groove coefficient statistic in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a micro-amplitude structure searching method, which can search six micro-structure forms of a micro-high point, a micro-low point, a micro broken nose, a micro broken groove, a micro nose shape and a micro groove at one time according to the mutual inclusion relation of closed isolines, the contact relation of open isolines (non-closed isolines) and fault lines in a structural diagram, and a background grid curved surface and a second-order differential curved surface thereof.
As shown in fig. 5, the method for finding a micro-amplitude structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, selecting all closed contour lines in a structural diagram, generating closed contour line trees according to the mutual inclusion relationship, and analyzing each contour line tree, wherein the steps comprise: and screening out the outmost circle of isolines according to the root node area of each isoline tree and the height difference between the root node and the leaf node. When the attribute value of the contour line of the outermost circle is larger than the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle, judging that the area is a micro-low point structure; and when the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle is larger than that of the contour line of the outermost circle, judging that the area is a micro-high point structure.
Specifically, all closed contour lines in the construction diagram are selected to generate a closed contour line set O { O1, O2, \8230;, or }. And constructing a closed contour containing relation tree set T { T1, T2, \8230;, tn }. Ti is a multi-way tree, the root node of which is an isoline containing the isoline with the largest or smallest value in the relation group, each element in the closed isoline set O is a child node in Ti, and each node closed isoline is contained inside the isoline polygon of its parent node, as shown in fig. 6.
Taking the polygon in fig. 6 as an example, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5 are original closed polygons.
This step determines which of { P1, P2, P3, P4, P5} is included inside P0, and by closing one point x0, y0 on the polygon pi one by one, determines whether the store is inside P0, if so, pi is an inside polygon of the polygon P0, otherwise, pi is an outside polygon. By comparison, { p1, p2, p3, p4} can be found to be a polygon contained within p 0. Then, two by two comparison { p1, p2, p3, p4} is performed to construct a containment relationship tree, as shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from the containment relationship tree, leaf nodes P3, P4 are the two largest (or smallest) values of the P0 region. And then judging the size of the p0 region, and if the area of the p0 surrounding region is larger than the specified area, deleting the p0, wherein the p1 is a root node. Then the height difference of p3, p4 and the root node is compared, if the height difference is larger than the designated height difference, the root node is deleted, and the secondary root node becomes the root node. And continuing judging according to the method in the step until finding out a closed contour line meeting the requirement. The area surrounded by the contour lines is the area with the micro-high point or the micro-low point.
S2, selecting all non-closed contour lines with the head and the tail intersected with the fault line in the construction drawing, generating a closed polygon by each non-closed contour line and the intersected fault line, attaching attribute values of the corresponding contour lines, and judging that the area is a micro-groove structure when the attribute value of the contour line at the outermost circle is larger than the attribute value of the contour line at the innermost circle; and when the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle is larger than that of the contour line of the outermost circle, judging that the area is in a micro-broken nose structure.
In the step, all contour lines intersected with the fault from head to tail are extracted, and a closed polygon B { B1, B2, \8230;, bn } is generated by the contour lines and the intersected fault. As shown in fig. 8, b1 and b2 are closed polygons formed by intersecting contour lines with broken lines F, and b3 is an original contour polygon closed end to end. According to step S1, the inclusion relationships of b1, b2, b3 are compared. If b3 is maximum, the b1 region is a micro-broken structure, and if b3 is minimum, the b1 region is a micro-broken groove.
S3, finding the structure of the micro nose and the micro groove
Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of contour lines of a micro-nose, micro-groove search in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, the contour lines at the micro-nose and micro-groove structures are not closed, and it is difficult to qualitatively distinguish directly from the contour line morphology. However, if the background grid is subjected to second-order differential processing and then an isoline is generated, all polygons of the micro-nose shape, the micro-groove, the micro-high point, the micro-low point, the broken nose and the broken groove region can be obtained. Then eliminating the micro low point, the broken nose and the broken groove polygon which are generated before, and if the remaining polygons are overlapped, the remaining polygons are micro nose-shaped and micro groove area polygons.
Firstly, generating a second-order differential mesh curved surface by a construction diagram original network background curved surface, and comprising the following steps: and solving the second order difference of each node attribute value of the background grid to generate a second order difference grid curved surface.
As shown in fig. 10, first, the second order difference in the x direction is obtained by assigning a mesh node having an attribute value Zi, j with a sequence number (i, j)
Second order difference in Y direction
Taking the absolute value of the second order difference in two directions and calculating the maximum value
Z″(i,j)＝max(|Z″ x (i,j)|,|Z″ y (i,j)|)；
If the (i, j) node is at a boundary or a fault, its second order differential value is 0.
Then, carrying out contour tracing on the second-order differential grid curved surface to obtain a contour map, wherein the contour map comprises the following steps: and selecting an isoline tracking range and a step length according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the second-order differential grid surface attribute. Fig. 11a and 11b are an original mesh surface map and a second order differential mesh surface map for a micro-nose, micro-groove search in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Secondly, all closed second-order differential contours are obtained by a method for searching for the micro low points and the micro high points in the step S1, the obtained closed second-order differential contours are compared with the micro low point structure contours and the micro high point structure contours in the step S1 and the micro broken groove structure contours and the micro broken nose structure contour polygons in the step S2, repeated parts are deleted, and the remaining contours are the micro nose structures or the groove structures. That is, for the newly generated closed contour, the outermost circle contour is traced according to step one, and a series of closed region polygons are obtained. And comparing the searched micro high point, micro low point, micro broken nose and micro groove, and deleting if there is a repeated intersection part. The final rest is in the shape of a micro-nose or micro-groove polygon.
Finally, averaging the original grid nodes in each remaining contour line, and counting the number nUpper of the nodes which are more than the average value and the number nBelow of the nodes which are less than the average value; when nUpper > nBelow, the contour polygon is judged to be in a micro-nose structure, and when nUpper < nBelow, the contour polygon is judged to be in a groove structure. Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a resulting micro-nose, micro-groove polygon of a micro-nose, micro-groove search in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram of a micro-nose, micro-groove alignment with an original contour according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In summary, through the above three steps, 6 kinds of microstructure regions can be sequentially found out. As can be seen from the comparison of the two graphs in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, the method has good accuracy, less omission and high degree of fitting with the original contour.
The method for searching the micro-amplitude structure can be realized by adopting the following software system. FIG. 16 is a diagram of an input interface for a microstructure lookup according to an embodiment of the invention.
First, a construction map is input in a software system, and a corresponding horizon and an output path are selected. The maximum height difference, minimum height difference, maximum trap area, minimum trap area, and color arrangement for the output microstructures are then set, as shown in FIG. 17. Then clicking an OK button to generate a micro high point, a micro low point, a broken nose and a broken groove, and popping up a micro nose/groove searching parameter configuration page. And adjusting the maximum and minimum values and the step length of the tracking difference to generate a final tracking result, and combining the final tracking result into the original construction diagram. FIG. 18 is a diagram of a micro-nose/groove coefficient statistic in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
According to the method for searching the micro-amplitude structure, the contour line tree generated between the closed contour lines in the structural diagram is tracked as a micro low point/a micro high point, the contour lines with the intersecting head and tail and the fault are connected with the corresponding broken lines to generate a closed polygon to track the micro broken nose/the micro broken groove; and tracking the six types of microstructures by using a second-order differential curved surface to track the micro nose/micro groove.
The method for searching the micro-amplitude structure has the following beneficial effects:
1. the operation is simple, and the user only needs to select data and perform some simple interactions. The workload of the user is greatly reduced.
2. The micro-structure tracking speed is high, the effect is good, and the conformity with the original contour line is high. The user requirements are well met.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that those skilled in the art may make variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A method of microamplitude structure searching, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting all closed contour lines in a structural diagram, generating closed contour line trees according to the mutual inclusion relationship, and analyzing each contour line tree, wherein the steps comprise: screening out the contour line of the outermost circle according to the root node area of each contour line tree and the height difference between the root node and the leaf node; when the attribute value of the contour line of the outermost circle is larger than that of the contour line of the innermost circle, judging that the area is a micro-low point structure; when the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle is larger than that of the contour line of the outermost circle, judging that the area is a micro-high point structure;
s2, selecting all non-closed contour lines intersecting the fault lines from head to tail in the construction drawing, generating a closed polygon by each non-closed contour line and the intersecting fault lines, attaching attribute values of the corresponding contour lines, and judging that the area is a micro-broken-groove structure when the attribute value of the contour line of the outermost circle is greater than the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle; when the attribute value of the contour line of the innermost circle is larger than that of the contour line of the outermost circle, judging that the area is of a micro-broken nose structure;
and S3, generating a second-order differential mesh curved surface by constructing an original network background curved surface of the graph, tracking contours of the second-order differential mesh curved surface to obtain a contour map, obtaining all closed second-order differential contours by adopting a method for searching micro low points and micro high points in the step S1, comparing all the obtained closed second-order differential contours with the micro low point constructed contours and the micro high point constructed contours in the step S1 and the micro broken groove constructed contours and the micro broken nose constructed contours in the step S2, and deleting a repeated part, wherein the remaining contours are micro broken noses or groove structures.
2. The method of finding a micro-amplitude structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the generating a second order differential mesh surface by constructing a graph original network background surface includes the following steps:
second order difference in x direction for mesh nodes with sequence number (i, j) and attribute value Zi, j
Second order difference in Y direction
Taking the absolute value of the second order difference in two directions and calculating the maximum value
Z″(i,j)＝max(|Z″ x (i,j)|,|Z″ y ,j)|)；
If the (i, j) node is at the boundary or fault, its second order differential value is 0
3. The method for finding a micro-amplitude structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the contour tracing the second order differential mesh surface to obtain a contour map comprises: and selecting an isoline tracking range and a step length according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the second-order differential grid surface attribute.
4. The method of micro-amplitude texture searching of claim 1, further comprising, in step S3, the steps of: averaging the original grid nodes in each residual contour line, and counting the number nUpper of the nodes which are more than the average value and the number nBelow of the nodes which are less than the average value; when nUpper > nBelow, the contour polygon is judged to be a micro-nose structure, and when nUpper < nBelow, the contour polygon is judged to be a groove structure.
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| US5740342A (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1998-04-14 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method for generating a three-dimensional, locally-unstructured hybrid grid for sloping faults |
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