CN107992339B - Method for automatically generating hardware configuration of nodes of Internet of things - Google Patents
Method for automatically generating hardware configuration of nodes of Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
- G06F9/44505—Configuring for program initiating, e.g. using registry, configuration files
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
- G06F9/4411—Configuring for operating with peripheral devices; Loading of device drivers
Abstract
A method for automatically generating node hardware configuration of the Internet of things comprises the following steps: and filtering hardware equipment irrelevant to the function from a hardware database according to the user requirement of the application of the Internet of things, screening out a candidate equipment set, and generating a user constraint relation corresponding to the candidate equipment set according to the user requirement. Meanwhile, the hardware constraint relation of the candidate device set is constructed based on constraint types such as voltage constraint, interface quantity constraint, development board uniqueness constraint and the like. And generating a corresponding hardware list based on the user constraint relation and the hardware constraint relation by using an integer linear programming solver and taking the lowest price of the finally generated hardware configuration as an optimization target. Based on the application requirements of the Internet of things provided by the user, the corresponding hardware configuration scheme of the nodes of the Internet of things is automatically generated, the development process of the Internet of things can be accelerated, the difficulty of the user in the aspect of hardware selection is reduced, and the effect of flexibly customizing hardware configuration according to the requirements is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for automatically generating all hardware modules in nodes of the Internet of things according to user requirements in the application of the Internet of things.
Background
The internet of things is the internet with which things are connected. The internet of things is widely applied to network fusion through communication perception technologies such as intelligent perception, identification technology and pervasive computing, and is also called as the third wave of development of the world information industry after computers and the internet. The internet of things is an application expansion of the internet, and is not a network, but a business and an application.
It is expected that by 2020, the internet of things devices will reach 500 hundred million worldwide. If each piece of Internet of things equipment corresponds to at least one application, at least 500 hundred million Internet of things applications need to be developed, and the applications of the Internet of things equipment are not included. Therefore, the development efficiency of the application of the internet of things becomes an important bottleneck whether the internet of things can be rapidly developed.
The traditional Internet of things application development process comprises the following steps:
(1) determining user requirements of the application of the Internet of things;
(2) selecting related hardware meeting the hardware constraint relation based on user requirements, wherein the related hardware comprises a development board and external equipment;
(3) based on the selected hardware platform, compiling related application codes, compiling and testing programs;
(4) and burning the program into the nodes in the step 2) to complete application development.
The traditional application development of the internet of things has higher requirements on users, and the users not only need to master programming knowledge required by the application development, but also need to deeply know various hardware modules in step 2). Even users familiar with various types of hardware need to consider a plurality of hardware constraints in the process of selecting the hardware each time, including whether the interface of the external device is compatible with the selected development board, whether the development board can meet the working voltage of the external device, whether the development board can provide enough interfaces for all the external devices to access, and the like. On the one hand, the user may be inadvertently presented with the wrong hardware configuration. For example, user requirements include measuring PM25 and enabling WiFi communication, he has selected Arduino development board, SDS018 and Grove UART WiFi. However, the number of interfaces is not limited by the scheme, Arduino only provides 1 UART interface, and the SDS018 and Grove UART WiFi cannot be connected simultaneously; on the other hand, if the user's requirements slightly change, it is quite possible to have a great influence on the original hardware configuration, and the user may need to make a new hardware solution again. For example, the user needs were originally WiFi communication, and he selected Arduino development board and Grove UART WiFi. The user suddenly adds a demand during the implementation and wants to test PM25, and then has to replace a new development board due to the number of interfaces and then consider a new sensor that is compatible with the new development board and meets his demand.
The traditional Internet of things application development process is long, and the related programming of a hardware platform depends heavily on specific Internet of things hardware nodes. Therefore, the completion time of step 2) will determine the start execution time of the subsequent step.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for automatically generating all hardware modules in nodes of the internet of things according to user requirements in application of the internet of things.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for automatically generating node hardware configuration of the Internet of things comprises the following steps:
(1) generating an integer linear programming constraint inequality of hardware constraints comprising:
11) acquiring a specific format file for describing user requirements in the application of the Internet of things, extracting the user requirements, filtering out hardware without the user requirements from a hardware database, and extracting the remaining hardware after filtering out;
12) using the hardware list filtered in the step 11) as variables to be solved, constructing a hardware constraint relation of the hardware, and converting the hardware constraint relation into a corresponding integer linear programming constraint inequality;
(2) using the specific format file used for describing the user requirements in the application of the internet of things in the step 11), extracting the user requirements, using the hardware list filtered in the step 11) as variables to be solved, constructing user constraint relations of the hardware according to the extracted user requirements, and converting the user constraint relations into corresponding integer linear programming constraint inequalities:
(3) and (3) solving hardware modules which meet the user constraint relation in the step (2) and the hardware constraint relation in the step (12) by using the integer linear programming constraint inequality in the step (12) and an integer linear programming solver with the lowest price as an optimization target, wherein the hardware modules are the final node hardware configuration of the internet of things.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the development process of the Internet of things, corresponding hardware configuration is generated automatically according to the user requirements, the user does not need to consider complex hardware constraints and user constraints, and the user does not need to have professional hardware knowledge; the development process of the application of the Internet of things is greatly accelerated; the automated generation of hardware configurations allows the user to change the requirements at will throughout the development process, yet quickly obtain the correct hardware configuration.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a hardware configuration that is automatically generated by the method of the present invention according to the user's needs.
Detailed Description
According to the invention, the corresponding hardware configuration scheme is automatically generated according to the user requirements in the application of the Internet of things, and a new hardware configuration scheme can be still rapidly provided under the condition of dynamic change of the requirements.
A method for automatically generating node hardware configuration of the Internet of things comprises the following specific steps:
(1) generating an integer linear programming constraint inequality of hardware constraints:
1.1) acquiring a specific format file for describing user requirements in the application of the Internet of things, extracting the user requirements, filtering out hardware without the user requirements from a hardware database, and extracting the remaining hardware after filtering out;
1.2) using the hardware list filtered in the step 1.1) as variables to be solved, constructing a hardware constraint relation of the hardware, and converting the hardware constraint relation into a corresponding integer linear programming constraint inequality. The hardware constraint relationship includes:
1.2.1) hardware is divided into two major categories: a development board and an external device;
1.2.2) the final node of the Internet of things consists of a development board and N external devices, wherein N is more than or equal to 0. Because the final node configuration of the internet of things only comprises one development board, there are constraints:
where M is a development board set, for example, M ═ { Arduino Uno, BeagleBone Black, Raspberry Pi 2}, and the values are all development boards in the hardware database. i is a hardware device, for example, i ═ Arduino Uno or i ═ SDS018, and the value range is all the hardware devices in the database. diIndicates the endIf the hardware configuration of (2) will select device i, the value range is di0 or di＝1；
1.2.3) the total number of interfaces of each type occupied by all the external devices is less than or equal to the total number of the interfaces of each type correspondingly provided by the development board. The corresponding formula is:
where M is a development board set, for example, M ═ { arduino uno, BeagleBone Black, Raspberry Pi 2}, and the values are all development boards in the hardware database. P is the set of external devices, for example, P ═ Grove Base Shield, SDS018, Grove UART WiFi, and the value is all the external devices in the hardware database. i is a hardware device, for example, i-Arduino Uno or i-SDS 018, whose value ranges are all the hardware in the database. diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or diW is a set of interface types, and the value W is { Digital, Analog, I2C, UART, PWM, SPI }. r is an interface type, for example, r is Digital, and the value range is r ∈ W.Ni(r) is the number of interfaces of type r provided by the device i, and the value range is Ni(r)≥0。N'i(r) is the number of interfaces of type r consumed by device i, and the value range is N'i(r)≥0；
1.2.4) the voltage range provided by the development board must intersect with the operating voltage range of the external device. The corresponding formula is:
and is
Where M is a development board set, for example, M ═ { Arduino Uno, BeagleBone Black, Raspberry Pi 2}, and the values are all development boards in the hardware database. P is the set of external devices, for example, P ═ Grove Base Shield, SDS018, Grove UART WiFi, and the value is all the external devices in the hardware database. i is a hardware device, for example, i-Arduino Uno or i-SDS 018, whose value ranges are all the hardware in the database. diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di1. j is a hardware device, such as j Raspberry Pi or j ESP8266, whose value range is all the hardware in the database, and the constraint in the formula
The value range of j is represented as the external device set P. djIndicates whether the final hardware configuration will select device j, and the value range is dj0 or dj＝1。Vmax(i) Is the maximum value of the voltage range provided by the hardware device i, and the value range is Vmax(i)≥0。Vmin(i) Is the minimum voltage range provided by the hardware device i, and the value range is Vmin(i) Not less than 0 and Vmax(i)≥Vmin(i)。V'max(j) Is the maximum value of the working voltage range of the hardware equipment j, and the value range is V'max(j)≥0。V'min(j) Is the minimum value of the working voltage range of the hardware equipment j, and the value range is V'min(j) Is not less than 0 and V'max(j)≥V'min(j)；
1.2.5) development board must be compatible with all external devices. The corresponding formula is:
where M is a development board set, for example, M ═ { Arduino Uno, BeagleBone Black, Raspberry Pi 2}, and the values are all development boards in the hardware database. P is the set of external devices, for example, P ═ Grove Base Shield, SDS018, Grove UART WiFi, and the value is all the external devices in the hardware database. i is a hardware device, e.g. i-Arduino Uno or i-SDS 018, whose value ranges are all the hardware in the database, the constraint in the formula
The value range representing i here is the development board set M. diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di1. j is a hardware device, e.g. j ═ raspbery Pi or j — ESP8266, the range of values is all hardware in the database, the constraint in the formula
The value range of j is represented as the external device set P. djIndicates whether the final hardware configuration will select device j, and the value range is dj0 or dj1. C (i, j) represents whether the device i and the device j are compatible, and the range is C (i, j) ═ 0 or C (i, j) ═ 1.
(2) Using the specific format file used for describing the user requirements in the application of the internet of things in the step 1.1), extracting the user requirements, using the hardware list filtered in the step 1.1) as variables to be solved, constructing user constraint relations of the hardware according to the extracted user requirements, and converting the user constraint relations into corresponding integer linear programming constraint inequalities. The user constraint relationship includes:
2.1) each function requirement of the user corresponds to a piece of hardware, including a development board and an external device. For example, if there is a PM25 in the user's request, at least one PM25 hardware module may be selected. The corresponding formula is:
where M is a development board set, for example, M ═ { Arduino Uno, BeagleBone Black, Raspberry Pi 2}, and the values are all development boards in the hardware database. P is the set of peripherals, for example, P ═ { grovbase Shield, SDS018, Grove UART WiFi }, and the value is taken from all the peripherals in the hardware database. i is a hardware device, for example, i-Arduino Uno or i-SDS 018, whose value ranges are all the hardware in the database. diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di1. U is a set of user requirements, for example, U ═ WiFi, LED, PM25, and the value range is a set of functions provided by all hardware in the hardware database. f. ofi uWhether the equipment i meets the requirement u or not is shown, and the value range is fi u0 or fi u1, wherein U ∈ U;
(3) using the integers of step 1.2) and step (2)And (3) solving the optional hardware module which meets the user constraint relation in the step (2) and the hardware constraint relation in the step 1.2) by using an integer linear programming solver and taking the lowest sum of prices of all generated hardware modules as an optimization target. The corresponding formula for optimal price is:
where M is a development board set, for example, M ═ { Arduino Uno, BeagleBone Black, Raspberry Pi 2}, and the values are all development boards in the hardware database. P is the set of external devices, for example, P ═ Grove Base Shield, SDS018, GroveUART WiFi, and the values are all the external devices in the hardware database. i is a hardware device, for example, i ═ arduinoouno or i ═ SDS018, whose value ranges are all the hardware in the database. diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di＝1。ciIs the price of the device i, and the value range is ci≥0。
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but rather by the equivalents thereof as may occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the present inventive concept.
Claims (1)
1. A method for automatically generating node hardware configuration of the Internet of things comprises the following specific steps:
(1) generating an integer linear programming constraint inequality of hardware constraints:
1.1) acquiring a specific format file for describing user requirements in the application of the Internet of things, extracting the user requirements, filtering out hardware without the user requirements from a hardware database, and extracting the remaining hardware after filtering out;
1.2) using the hardware list filtered in the step 1.1) as variables to be solved, constructing a hardware constraint relation of the hardware, and converting the hardware constraint relation into a corresponding integer linear programming constraint inequality; the hardware constraint relationship includes:
1.2.1) hardware is divided into two major categories: a development board and an external device;
1.2.2) the final node of the Internet of things consists of a development board and N external devices, wherein N is more than or equal to 0; because the final node configuration of the internet of things only comprises one development board, there are constraints:
wherein M is a development board set, and values are all development boards in a hardware database; i is a certain hardware device, and the value range is all the hardware devices in the database; diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di＝1；
1.2.3) the total number of the interfaces of each type occupied by all the external equipment is less than or equal to the total number of the interfaces of each type correspondingly provided by the development board; the corresponding formula is:
wherein M is a development board set, and values are all development boards in a hardware database; p is an external device set, and values are all external devices in the hardware database; i is a certain hardware device, and the value range is all hardware in the database; diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di1, W is the set of interface types, the values are W { Digital, Analog, I2C, UART, PWM, SPI }, r is a certain interface type, the value range is r ∈ W, N isi(r) is the number of interfaces of type r provided by the device i, and the value range is Ni(r)≥0；N′i(r) is the number of interfaces of type r consumed by device i, and the value range is N'i(r)≥0；
1.2.4) the voltage range provided by the development board must intersect with the working voltage range of the external device; the corresponding formula is:
and is
Wherein M is a development board set, and values are all development boards in a hardware database; p is an external device set, and values are all external devices in the hardware database; i is a certain hardware device, and the value range is all hardware in the database; diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di1 is ═ 1; j is a certain hardware device, the value range is the constraint of all hardware in the database and in the formula
The value range of j is represented as an external equipment set P; djIndicates whether the final hardware configuration will select device j, and the value range is dj0 or dj＝1；Vmax(i) Is the maximum value of the voltage range provided by the hardware device i, and the value range is Vmax(i)≥0；Vmin(i) Is the minimum voltage range provided by the hardware device i, and the value range is Vmin(i) Not less than 0 and Vmax(i)≥Vmin(i)；V′max(j) Is the maximum value of the working voltage range of the hardware equipment j, and the value range is V'max(j)≥0；V′min(j) Is the minimum value of the working voltage range of the hardware equipment j, and the value range is V'min(j) Is not less than 0 and V'max(j)≥V′min(j)；
1.2.5) the development board must be compatible with all external devices; the corresponding formula is:
wherein M is a development board set, and values are all development boards in a hardware database; p is an external device set, and values are all external devices in the hardware database; i is a certain hardware device, the value range is all hardware in the database, and the constraint in the formula
Meaning that the value range of i isDeveloping a board set M; diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di1 is ═ 1; j is a certain hardware device, the value range is the constraint of all hardware in the database and in the formula
The value range of j is represented as an external equipment set P; djIndicates whether the final hardware configuration will select device j, and the value range is dj0 or dj1 is ═ 1; c (i, j) represents whether the device i and the device j are compatible, and the value range is that C (i, j) is 0 or C (i, j) is 1;
(2) extracting user requirements by using the specific format file used for describing the user requirements in the application of the Internet of things in the step 1.1), using the hardware list filtered in the step 1.1) as variables to be solved, constructing user constraint relations of the hardware according to the extracted user requirements, and converting the user constraint relations into corresponding integer linear programming constraint inequalities; the user constraint relationship includes:
2.1) each function requirement of a user corresponds to a piece of hardware, including a development board and external equipment; the corresponding formula is:
wherein M is a development board set, and values are all development boards in a hardware database; p is an external device set, and values are all external devices in the hardware database; i is a certain hardware device, and the value range is all hardware in the database; diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di1 is ═ 1; u is a user requirement set, and the value range is a function set provided by all hardware of the hardware database; f. ofi uWhether the equipment i meets the requirement u or not is shown, and the value range is fi u0 or fi u1, wherein U ∈ U;
(3) using the inequality of the integer linear programming constraint in step 1.2) and step 2), and using an integer linear programming solver to generate all hardware modelsThe lowest sum of prices of the blocks is an optimization target, and an optional hardware module meeting the user constraint relation in the step (2) and the hardware constraint relation in the step 1.2) is obtained through solution; the corresponding formula for optimal price is:
wherein M is a development board set, and values are all development boards in a hardware database; p is an external device set, and values are all external devices in the hardware database; i is a certain hardware device, and the value range is all hardware in the database; diIndicating whether the final hardware configuration will select device i, the value range is di0 or di＝1；ciIs the price of the device i, and the value range is ci≥0。
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| CN203950176U (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-11-19 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | A kind of wireless sensor network node hardware platform that can online reconfiguration |
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