CN107978815A - The preprocess method of waste and old power battery - Google Patents
The preprocess method of waste and old power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN107978815A CN107978815A CN201711228042.0A CN201711228042A CN107978815A CN 107978815 A CN107978815 A CN 107978815A CN 201711228042 A CN201711228042 A CN 201711228042A CN 107978815 A CN107978815 A CN 107978815A
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- waste
- power battery
- old power
- preprocess method
- old
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The invention belongs to resource circulation utilization technical field, and in particular to a kind of preprocess method of waste and old power battery.Waste and old power battery is crushed, is roasted after broken in oxygen deprivation stove；The gas produced in broken and roasting process passes sequentially through oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion, pure water spray, pure water pond absorbs, chemical bath absorbs and denitration process, purified tail gas qualified discharge；Waste and old power battery after roasting carries out second and crushes, and most isolates battery material, metal and organic carbon compound through double sorting afterwards.Present invention process is simple, environmental-friendly；Solve the problems, such as that the harmful element in organic matter and electrolyte is evaporate into air to pollute, while increase follow-up leaching efficiency, improve production efficiency, reduce production cost；Magnetic separating is combined with cyclone classified, and individually progress is individually cyclone classified, reduces classification power consumption, equipment is simple and reliable, has higher economic value, can realize that the direct of material previously treated utilizes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to resource circulation utilization technical field, and in particular to a kind of preprocess method of waste and old power battery.
Background technology
Assessed according to China Auto Technology＆ Research Center, to the year two thousand twenty, the power battery that China scraps can reach 200,000 tons.Scrap dynamic
Power battery not only contains substantial amounts of metal, also containing a certain number of organic matters, in organic matter containing a certain proportion of S, F, P,
The elements such as Cl, existing form are solid and liquid, and physical property difference is also very big；The organic matter of water system power battery is in air
In can be stabilized, but the effect for influencing wet-treating is, it is necessary to be pre-separated out, deal with improperly can also produce it is a large amount of
Toxic gas；And the organic matter of organic power battery, part in atmosphere can be combustion-supporting, and volatilizes a large amount of toxic gases, conventional
Processing is difficult to avoid toxic gas from discharging, and also production operation environment can be had a huge impact.
In waste and old power battery recovery process flow, general use is disassembled, crushed, leaching, iron removaling, P204 are extracted,
Technique, the whole technological process such as P507 extractions, resin deep impurity-removing, electrodeposition do not account for the processing of organic matter, electrolyte, can make
Into serious secondary pollution, for the environmentally protective of waste and old power battery recycling, traditional preprocess method generally freezes battery
After recycle electrolyte, or directly carry out high-temperature calcination and decompose electrolyte and organic matter.
Above two preprocess method is the way of currently available technology, the former needs to consume substantial amounts of energy consumption for cooling, also
The equipment of special requirement is needed, the latter can produce substantial amounts of gas, and reclaim reagent consumption is big, can all cause pretreatment cost big
Amplitude increase, while after causing battery material sintering curing, reduce follow-up leaching efficiency, organization of production may be impacted.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preprocess method of waste and old power battery, work
Skill is simple, environmental-friendly, solves the problems, such as that the harmful element in organic matter and electrolyte is evaporate into air and pollutes, at the same time
Increase follow-up leaching efficiency, improve production efficiency, reduce production cost, classification is low in energy consumption, has higher economic value, real
Existing material previously treated directly utilizes.
The preprocess method of waste and old power battery of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) waste and old power battery is crushed, is roasted after broken in oxygen deprivation stove；
(2) crush and oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion, pure water spray, the suction of pure water pond are passed sequentially through with the gas produced in roasting process
Receive, chemical bath absorbs and denitration process, purified tail gas qualified discharge；
(3) the waste and old power battery after roasting carries out second and crushes, and most isolates battery material, gold through double sorting afterwards
Belong to and organic carbon compound.
Wherein：
Waste and old power battery is Ni-MH power cell, capacitor type power battery or lithium-ion-power cell.Step (1) is preferred
Will first to be crushed after the classification of waste and old power battery, classifying to waste and old power battery, being conducive to crush.
It is 5~10mm that particle diameter is crushed in step (1)；It is 1~2mm to be crushed to particle diameter in step (3) for the second time.
Waste and old power battery is broken for：Waste and old power battery is sent into the broken of negative pressure by transfer mechanism
Crushed in machine, negative pressure is preferably -100Pa~-300Pa.Broken when, can volatilize waste and old power battery certain gas
Body, electricity meeting abrupt release in shattering process of percentage of batteries band, should be under fire star, or even igniting flammable items, cause gas flow
Increase, the component in gas contains a certain amount of toxic gas and is mingled with electrolyte and battery material, has certain toxicity, breaks
Negative pressure is presented inside broken machine, can prevent the gas leak produced in shattering process, the gas of generation is introduced by richness by negative pressure
Oxygen high temperature combustion zone, is fully burnt.
Carry out being roasted to low-temperature bake in oxygen deprivation stove, low-temperature bake temperature is 300~450 DEG C, roasting time for 20~
30min。
When waste and old power battery is Ni-MH power cell or capacitor type power battery, calcination temperature is 300 DEG C, but pole piece
Compare thick, roasting time is partially long, preferably 30min.
It can to greatest extent be reduced in the roasting of poor oxygen furnace gas generated, and organic matter is deposited in the form of carbide
Avoiding CO in tail gas2Too high levels, higher CO2A large amount of chemical reagent are consumed in follow-up chemical bath, increase is produced into
This.The gas of generation carries out oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion, main function one is to be converted into CO in gas before by pure water spray
CO2, second, the sulfide in gas is fully converted into SO3, the condition of oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion is：Oxygen content is 40~55%,
Temperature is 800~870 DEG C, and the time is 30~60s.Sprayed again through pure water, pure water pond absorbs sulfide and phosphide, chemical bath suction
Receive above two procedures and do not absorb complete sulfide and phosphide, chemical reagent is calcium hydroxide and hydroxide in chemical bath
Sodium, the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide are the 3~5% of calcium hydroxide.Also contain a certain amount of nitrogen oxides in tail gas, pass through denitration
Device progress is out of stock, and tail gas realizes qualified discharge.
Double sorting sorts for magnetic separating and whirlwind, is specially：Nonmagnetic substance and magnetic material are obtained through magnetic separating
Material, organic carbon compound and battery material are isolated by nonmagnetic substance through whirlwind, and magnetic material is sorted through whirlwind and is separated
Go out metal and battery material.Material after roasting, difference of specific gravity is very big, if only with cyclone classified, it is necessary to which multistage could divide
From, and there is very big mixed proportion in the middle component branched away.And first through magnetic separating, can directly sorting magnetic material and
Nonmagnetic substance, magnetic material and nonmagnetic substance carry out whirlwind sorting, reduction classification number, good separating effect, effect respectively again
Rate is high.
Power battery generally use box hat, the metal isolated can be used as scrap iron direct marketing as waste metal.And
For battery material after roasting and separation, purity and chemism are all high, can be as the raw material of subsequent dissolution process, directly
Leached into follow-up, dissolution time can shorten dramatically；Organic carbon compound is used as charcoal fuel after compression.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
(1) processing method of the invention, technique is simple, environmental-friendly；Solves harmful member in organic matter and electrolyte
Element evaporate into the problem of being polluted in air, while increases follow-up leaching efficiency, improves production efficiency, and reduction is produced into
This.
(2) magnetic separating is combined by the present invention with cyclone classified, and individually carries out individually cyclone classified, reduction classification work(
Consumption, equipment is simple and reliable, has higher economic value, can realize the direct utilization of material previously treated.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the preprocess method of waste and old power battery of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
Will sort out come waste and old Ni-MH power cell, by transfer mechanism be sent into negative pressure crusher, negative pressure for-
100Pa, be broken into 5~10mm battery enter oxygen deprivation stove in carry out low-temperature bake, 300 DEG C of low-temperature bake temperature, roasting time
30min.The gas produced in broken and roasting process, passes sequentially through oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion, pure water spray, the absorption of pure water pond, change
Pond absorption and denitration process are learned, rear discharge up to standard, the condition of oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion are purified tail gas after testing：Oxygen content
For 40~55%, temperature is 800 DEG C, time 60s, and the old and useless battery after low-temperature bake is crushed into secondary breaker,
It is 1~2mm to be crushed to particle diameter, goes out non-magnetic material and magnetic material, magnetic material and nonmagnetic substance point by magnetic separating
Carry out not whirlwind sorting separation.The metal isolated is sold directly as scrap iron, and battery material is as subsequent dissolution
The raw material of process, organic carbon compound can be used as charcoal fuel after compression.
This method is suitable for the pretreatment of waste and old Ni-MH power cell, and after this treatment, S, Cl, N in organic matter are advance
Remove, removal rate reaches 99.6%, and battery active material is because the carbonization of organic matter, with the adhesive force of collector greatly under
Drop, somewhat vibration are just peeled off.In addition, after pretreatment, the moisture of battery material is less than 0.2%, follow-up double assorting room
In, adhesiveness is small, and the metal parts separated only needs pure water rinsing once, and flushing liquor and battery material are together into molten
Groove is solved, dissolved efficiency greatly improves, and 7h is reduced to by original 24h.
Embodiment 2：
The waste and old capacitor type power battery come will be sorted out, the crusher in negative pressure, negative pressure are sent into by transfer mechanism
For -300Pa, be broken into 5~10mm battery be divided into oxygen deprivation stove in carry out low-temperature bake, 400 DEG C of low-temperature bake temperature,
Roasting time 25min.The gas produced in broken and roasting process, passes sequentially through oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion, pure water spray, pure water pond
Absorption, chemical bath absorbs and denitration process, and rear discharge up to standard, the condition of oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion are purified tail gas after testing：
Oxygen content is 40~55%, and temperature is 850 DEG C, time 50s, the old and useless battery after low-temperature bake enter secondary breaker into
Row crushes, and it is 1~2mm to be crushed to particle diameter, goes out non-magnetic material and magnetic material by magnetic separating, magnetic material and non magnetic
Material carries out whirlwind sorting separation respectively.The metal isolated is sold directly as scrap iron, after battery material is used as
The raw material of continuous dissolution process, organic carbon compound can be used as charcoal fuel after compression.
This method is suitable for the pretreatment of waste and old capacitor type power battery, and after this treatment, S, F, N in organic matter are advance
Remove, removal rate reaches 99.4%, and battery active material is because the carbonization of organic matter, with the adhesive force of collector greatly under
Drop, somewhat vibration are just peeled off.In addition, after pretreatment, the moisture of battery material is less than 0.15%, follow-up double assorting room
In, adhesiveness is small, and the metal parts separated only needs pure water rinsing once, and flushing liquor and battery material are together into molten
Groove is solved, dissolved efficiency greatly improves, and 8h is reduced to by original 24h.
Embodiment 3：
The applying waste lithium ionic power battery come will be sorted out, the crusher in negative pressure, negative pressure are sent into by transfer mechanism
For -200Pa, be broken into 5~10mm battery be divided into oxygen deprivation stove in carry out low-temperature bake, 450 DEG C of low-temperature bake temperature,
Roasting time 20min.The gas produced in broken and roasting process, passes sequentially through oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion, pure water spray, pure water pond
Absorption, chemical bath absorbs and denitration process, and rear discharge up to standard, the condition of oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion are purified tail gas after testing：
Oxygen content is 40~55%, and temperature is 820 DEG C, time 35s, the old and useless battery after low-temperature bake enter secondary breaker into
Row crushes, and it is 1~2mm to be crushed to particle diameter, goes out non-magnetic material and magnetic material by magnetic separating, magnetic material and non magnetic
Material carries out whirlwind sorting separation respectively.The metal isolated is sold directly as scrap iron, after battery material is used as
The raw material of continuous dissolution process, organic carbon compound can be used as charcoal fuel after compression.
This method is suitable for the pretreatment of applying waste lithium ionic power battery, after this treatment, S, Cl, F, P in organic matter,
N is removed in advance, and removal rate reaches 99.4%, and battery active material is because the carbonization of organic matter, big with the adhesive force of collector
To decline, somewhat vibration is just peeled off.In addition, after pretreatment, the moisture of battery material is less than 0.1%, follow-up double sorting
During, adhesiveness is small, and the metal parts separated only needs pure water rinsing once, flushing liquor and battery material together into
Enter dissolving tank, dissolved efficiency greatly improves, and 8h is reduced to by original 24h.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. preprocess method of waste and old power battery, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：(1) waste and old power battery is crushed, is roasted after broken in oxygen deprivation stove；(2) crush and oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion, pure water spray, the absorption of pure water pond, change are passed sequentially through with the gas produced in roasting process Learn pond absorption and denitration process, purified tail gas qualified discharge；(3) the waste and old power battery after roasting carries out second and crushes, most afterwards through double sorting isolate battery material, metal and Organic carbon compound.
- 2. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Waste and old power battery is nickel Hydrogen power battery, capacitor type power battery or lithium-ion-power cell.
- 3. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step is crushed in (1) Particle diameter is 5~10mm；It is 1~2mm to be crushed to particle diameter in step (3) for the second time.
- 4. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：By waste and old power battery into Row is broken for：By waste and old power battery by transfer mechanism be sent into negative pressure crusher in crushed, negative pressure for- 100Pa~-300Pa.
- 5. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Roasted in oxygen deprivation stove It is 300~450 DEG C to burn for low-temperature bake, low-temperature bake temperature, and roasting time is 20~30min.
- 6. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：When waste and old power battery is When Ni-MH power cell or capacitor type power battery, calcination temperature is 300 DEG C, roasting time 30min.
- 7. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bar of oxygen-enriched high-temp combustion Part is：Oxygen content is 40~55%, and temperature is 800~870 DEG C, and the time is 30~60s.
- 8. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Chemical reagent in chemical bath For calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is the 3~5% of calcium hydroxide.
- 9. the preprocess method of waste and old power battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Double sorting is：Through magnetic Power sorts to obtain nonmagnetic substance and magnetic material, and nonmagnetic substance is isolated organic carbon compound and battery material through whirlwind Material, metal and battery material are isolated by magnetic material through whirlwind.
- 10. the preprocess method of the waste and old power battery according to claim 1 or 9, it is characterised in that：The metal isolated Sold directly as scrap iron, raw material of the battery material as subsequent dissolution process, the conduct after compression of organic carbon compound Charcoal fuel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711228042.0A CN107978815B (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2017-11-27 | Pretreatment method of waste power battery |
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| CN201711228042.0A CN107978815B (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2017-11-27 | Pretreatment method of waste power battery |
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| CN107978815B CN107978815B (en) | 2020-09-11 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108624757A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-09 | 南安市创培电子科技有限公司 | A kind of reviver production method for accumulator |
| CN114100318A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 湖南江冶机电科技股份有限公司 | Waste gas reduction and harmless treatment method in waste lithium battery recovery process |
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| CN103515668A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-15 | 常州大学 | Complete-set device for recycling metal in waste lithium battery |
| CN103730704A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-16 | 赣州市豪鹏科技有限公司 | Method for treating waste secondary battery |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN1393570A (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-01-29 | 上海师范大学 | Method for removing and recovering mercury from waste battery |
| CN103326088A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-25 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | Comprehensive recovery method of waste lithium ion battery |
| CN103515668A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-15 | 常州大学 | Complete-set device for recycling metal in waste lithium battery |
| CN103730704A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-16 | 赣州市豪鹏科技有限公司 | Method for treating waste secondary battery |
| CN105728434A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 中南大学 | Resourceful treatment method for waste circuit board |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108624757A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-09 | 南安市创培电子科技有限公司 | A kind of reviver production method for accumulator |
| CN114100318A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 湖南江冶机电科技股份有限公司 | Waste gas reduction and harmless treatment method in waste lithium battery recovery process |
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| CN107978815B (en) | 2020-09-11 |
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