CN107976807A - A kind of augmented reality formula head-mounted display and its light channel structure - Google Patents
A kind of augmented reality formula head-mounted display and its light channel structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107976807A CN107976807A CN201611055386.1A CN201611055386A CN107976807A CN 107976807 A CN107976807 A CN 107976807A CN 201611055386 A CN201611055386 A CN 201611055386A CN 107976807 A CN107976807 A CN 107976807A
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- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
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Abstract
A kind of augmented reality formula head-mounted display and its light channel structure are provided, including display device, lens group, waveguide prism and diaphragm, the light that the display device is sent eventually enter into human eye by lens group, waveguide prism and diaphragm successively, it is characterised in that：The lens group is made of the lens no less than 3, its optical axis of the lens of any composition lens group is parallel but misaligned；In the lens for forming the lens group, a face of one and only one lens is axial symmetry double cubic surface, and the face of the another side of the lens and remaining lens is the aspherical of rotational symmetry.Beneficial effect is：1. big field angle augmented reality prism provided by the invention, the size of prism can greatly reduce, alleviate weight, processing simply；2. big the field angle augmented reality prism and head-mounted display of the present invention, can increase field angle by the light of bigger incident angle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of augmented reality, in particular to an augmented reality type head-mounted display and a light path structure thereof.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology for calculating the position and angle of a camera image in real time and adding a corresponding image, and the technology aims to sleeve a virtual world on a screen in the real world and perform interaction. The technology is proposed in 1990, and with the improvement of the operational capability of portable electronic products, the application of augmented reality is expected to be wider and wider.
At present, the prism practical in the augmented reality field is mostly 45 degrees of reflection type, the size of the prism is large, the weight is large, the angle of view is small, the cost is very high, the actual effect is not good, and the satisfaction degree of user experience is reduced.
The head-mounted display is a device which magnifies the image on the ultramicro display screen through a group of optical systems (mainly precise optical lenses), projects the image on the retina and further presents the image on a large screen in eyes of a viewer.
Head Mounted displays (Head Mounted displays) are popular products in the Display field in recent years, and Head Mounted image Display devices for virtual reality and augmented reality have been developed greatly. Since the head mounted display device is mounted on the head of the observer, it must be compact and light in weight to reduce the load of the observer. The helmet display is mainly composed of three parts: the display component, the optical system and the retainer ring are key to reduce the weight, but a certain contradiction exists between the compactness of the optical system and the requirement of the head-mounted display on the imaging quality of the optical system. For the head-mounted display, the optical system is required to have a larger view field and exit pupil diameter, because of the increase of the view field, the observation range can be increased, the observer can observe high-quality dynamic images more intensely, the increase of the exit pupil diameter can ensure that the snap ring adapts to the observer with different pupil distances, the pupil distance of the display does not need to be adjusted, and meanwhile, the eyeball of the observer can be allowed to rotate freely in the observation process so as not to lose the images. However, the optical system has a restricted relationship among the field of view, exit pupil diameter, and focal length, and it is not easy to achieve a large field of view, large exit pupil diameter, and short focus (i.e., to make the system compact). In addition, the uniformity of the illumination of the image plane also has a significant effect on the viewing quality when the helmet-mounted display is used for viewing, and the optical system needs to meet the above requirements.
In the existing head-mounted display, light emitted by a light source must be refracted through a lens or a lens group to amplify the size of an image which is finally presented in human eyes, and in the conventional application, due to the crude design of an optical path and the compactness of the structure, the arrangement of the lenses is often coaxial, but the coaxial design cannot meet the requirement of the existing user on a large field angle, and the coaxial arrangement limits the effective amplification of an external light source; meanwhile, the existing lens group and prism have many problems in design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: provided are an augmented reality head-mounted display and an optical path structure thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an optical path structure, includes display device, battery of lens, waveguide prism and diaphragm, the light that display device sent finally gets into people's eye through battery of lens, waveguide prism and diaphragm in proper order, its characterized in that:
the lens group consists of not less than 3 lenses, and the optical axes of any lens forming the lens group are parallel but not coincident; among the lenses forming the lens group, one surface of one lens is an axisymmetric bi-quadric surface, and the other surface of the lens and the surfaces of the other lenses are rotationally symmetric aspheric surfaces;
the waveguide prism comprises a multi-curved surface prism and a compensating prism which are made of the same materials;
the multi-curved surface prism comprises 5 optical action surfaces: a first optical surface, a second optical surface, a third optical surface, a fourth optical surface, and a fifth optical surface; one beam of light enters the multi-curved-surface prism after being refracted by the first optical surface, then is reflected by the second optical surface, the first optical surface, the third optical surface, the fifth optical surface and the fourth optical surface in sequence, and finally is refracted by the fifth optical surface;
the first optical surface, the second optical surface and the fourth optical surface are axisymmetric bi-quadric surfaces, and the surface type equation is as follows:
wherein,
Rxand RyRadius of curvature, k, in the x and y directions, respectivelyxAnd kyThe coefficients of the quadric surface in the x and y directions, respectively;
the compensating prism is provided with an incident surface and a compensating surface, and the compensating surface is complementary with the fourth optical surface; and the other beam of light enters the compensating prism after being refracted by the incident surface, then is refracted by the compensating surface to form the compensating prism, is refracted by the fourth optical surface to enter the multi-curved-surface prism, and finally is refracted by the fifth optical surface to form the multi-curved-surface prism.
Further, the lens group is composed of not less than 3 lenses, wherein at least one positive lens and one negative lens are provided, the absolute value of the Abbe number difference between the positive lens and the negative lens is more than 20 and less than 40, and the refractive index of any one lens is between 1.48 and 1.65.
Further, the optical axes of the front and rear surfaces of the lens in any lens group are coincident.
Furthermore, the surface of any lens forming the lens group is plated with an antireflection film.
Further, the first optical surface, the second optical surface, and the fourth optical surface are symmetrical about an x-axis and a y-axis, respectively.
Further, the first optical surface is a cylindrical surface, R of whichx＝0，Kx＝0。
Further, the third optical surface and the fifth optical surface are planes and are parallel to each other.
Furthermore, the fourth optical surface is a semi-reflective and semi-transparent surface, a semi-reflective and semi-transparent film is plated on the surface of the fourth optical surface, and a reflective film is plated on the surface of the second optical surface.
Further, the height of the multi-curved surface prism is 40mm-60mm, and the thickness of the multi-curved surface prism is 5mm-10 mm; the included angle between the first optical surface and the second optical surface is 20-30 degrees, and the included angle between the fourth optical surface and the fifth optical surface is 20-30 degrees.
Further, the display device is a microdisplay.
Still further, the micro display is a micro LED display, a micro OLED display or a micro laser imaging device.
An augmented reality head-mounted display, comprising: the optical path structure comprises the optical path structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the large-field-angle augmented reality prism, the size of the prism can be greatly reduced, the weight is reduced, and the processing is simple; 2. the large-field-angle augmented reality prism and the head-mounted display can increase the field angle through light rays with larger incident angles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a waveguide prism according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a multi-curved prism in a waveguide prism.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a compensating prism in a waveguide prism.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a lens assembly.
Wherein: 1. a display device, 2, a lens assembly,
3. a waveguide prism, 4, a diaphragm,
21. a first lens, 22, a second lens,
23. a third lens for the second lens to be used,
31. a compensating prism, 32, a multi-curved prism,
311. the number of the entrance surface, 312, the compensation surface,
321. a first optical surface, 322, a second optical surface,
323. a third optical surface, 324, a fourth optical surface,
325. a fifth optical surface.
Detailed Description
Description of technical terms:
semi-reflecting and semi-permeable membrane: has a light-transmitting reflective film.
Exit pupil diameter: the diameter of a bright spot formed behind the ocular lens after light is converged by the ocular lens.
The bi-quadric surface, Biconic, is similar to a torus with the coordinate equation:
wherein, the first and second connecting parts are connected with each other; x and y are respectively the abscissa and the ordinate of a plane rectangular coordinate system which takes the geometric center of the Biconic curved surface as the origin and is tangent with the fixed point of the Biconic curved surface,
i.e. cxAnd cyRespectively the curvature of the two principal meridians, kx，kyAre all conic coefficients.
(the equation is from Zemax Chinese handbook, 271).
The rotationally symmetric aspheric surface can also be interpreted as an even aspheric surface as even asphere, and the coordinate equation is as follows:
wherein c' is the curvature of the vertex of the curved surface, r is the radius of the position of the point on the curved surface,k' and a1～a8Respectively, the conconic coefficient and the aspheric surface high-order term coefficient of the even asphere surface, k' and a1～a8Obtained by optimization with Zemax software. Overall shape parameters c ', k' and a of even asphere curved surface1～a8And (6) determining.
Refractive index: refractive index, the ratio of the propagation speed of light in vacuum to the propagation speed of light in the medium. The higher the refractive index of the material, the greater the ability to refract incident light. The higher the refractive index is, the thinner the lens is, namely the thickness of the center of the lens is the same, the same material with the same power is used, and the edge of the lens with the higher refractive index is thinner than the edge of the lens with the lower refractive index. Reference is made in this case to Nd3, which is to be interpreted as the refractive index of the third lens in the d-line, also understood as the refractive index of the medium in the square and phenanthrene spectrum d (he-yellow line 587.56 nm).
The Abbe number, also known as the "V-number", is a measure of the degree of light dispersion of a medium. Because the same transparent medium has refractive index difference to light with different wavelengths, and white light is composed of light with different colors and different wavelengths, the transparent material can generate dispersion when refracting the white light. The abbe number is an inverse proportional index for expressing the dispersion ability of a transparent substance, and the dispersion phenomenon is more severe when the numerical value is smaller. Vd1 and Vd2 referred to in the present case refer to abbe numbers of the first lens and the second lens at the d-line, and can also be understood as abbe numbers of the medium at the square and phenanthrene spectrum d (helium yellow line 587.56 nm).
In the following, a brief description will be made of 1 embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings, in this embodiment, the number of lenses used in the lens group is 3.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an optical path structure includes a display device 1, a lens group 2, a waveguide prism 3, and a diaphragm 4, where light emitted from the display device 1 passes through the lens group 2, the waveguide prism 3, and the diaphragm 4 in sequence and finally enters human eyes.
As shown in fig. 5, the light emitted from the display device 1 enters the third lens 23 after being refracted by the surface 23a of the third lens 23, exits the third lens 23 after being refracted by the surface 23b of the third lens 23, enters the second lens 22 after being refracted by the surface 22a of the second lens 22, exits the second lens 22 after being refracted by the surface 22b of the second lens 22, enters the first lens 21 after being refracted by the surface 21a of the first lens 21, and exits the first lens 21 after being refracted by the surface 21b of the first lens 21. All surfaces of the lens assembly 2 are coated with antireflection films to reduce the loss of light power.
The lens of the lens group 2 has only one surface which is an axisymmetric bi-conic surface (biconic), the other surfaces are rotationally symmetric aspheric surfaces, the optical axes of the front and back surfaces of each lens in the lens group 2 are coincident, and the optical axes of the first lens 21, the second lens 22 and the third lens 23 are parallel but not coincident. With reference to the coordinate system of fig. 5, the optical axis of the first lens 21 coincides with the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system, and the optical axes of the second lens 22 and the third lens 23 are both parallel to the Z-axis and are offset by a certain amount in the Y-axis direction. The offset is between + -5 mm.
The lens group 2 at least comprises a negative lens and a positive lens, the absolute value of the Abbe number difference of the positive lens and the negative lens is more than 20 and less than 40, and the refractive index of any one of the lenses is between 1.48 and 1.65.
As shown in fig. 2, the waveguide prism 3 includes a compensation prism 31 and a multi-curved prism 32.
The light rays enter the curved prism 32 after being refracted by the first optical surface 321 of the curved prism, are reflected on the inner side of the second optical surface 322, are reflected by the first optical surface 321, are reflected by the third optical surface 323, are reflected by the fifth optical surface 325, are reflected by the fourth optical surface 324, are refracted by the fifth optical surface 325, enter the diaphragm 2, are filtered, and finally enter the retina of human eyes for imaging.
The external light enters the compensating prism 31 after being refracted by the incident surface 311 of the compensating prism 31, then enters the curved prism 32 after passing through the fourth optical surface 324 of the curved prism 32 mirror, and finally enters the retina of the human eye after being refracted by the fifth optical surface 325 for imaging.
The first optical surface, the second optical surface and the fourth optical surface are axisymmetric bi-quadric surfaces, and the surface type equation is as follows:
wherein,
Rxand RyRadius of curvature, k, in the x and y directions, respectivelyxAnd kyThe coefficients of the quadric surface in the x and y directions, respectively.
The first optical surface 321, the second optical surface 322, and the fourth optical surface 324 are symmetrical about the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.
The first optical surface 321 is a cylindrical surface, R of whichx＝0，Kx＝0
The third optical surface 323 and the fifth optical surface 325 are planar.
The first optical surface 321 is a refractive surface and a reflective surface, and the light is refracted when passing through the first optical surface 321 for the first time and reflected when passing through the first optical surface 321 for the second time.
The fifth optical surface 325 is a refractive surface and a reflective surface, and the light is reflected when passing through the fifth optical surface 325 for the first time and refracted when passing through the fifth optical surface 325 for the second time.
The fourth optical surface 324 is a transflective surface.
The reflection of the light at the first optical surface 321, the third optical surface 323 and the fifth optical surface 25 is total reflection without any energy loss.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first optical surface 311 of the compensating prism 31 is a plane, and the second optical surface 312 is complementary to the fourth optical surface 324 of the curved prism 32.
The length of the curved prism 32 is between 40mm and 60mm, the thickness of the curved prism 32 is between 5mm and 10mm, the included angle between the first optical surface 321 and the second optical surface 322 of the curved prism 32 is between 20 degrees and 30 degrees, and the included angle between the fourth optical surface 324 and the fifth optical surface 25 of the curved prism 32 is between 320 degrees and 30 degrees.
The invention provides a light path structure with very compact structure and light weight, which is used in a head-mounted display to amplify an image displayed by a head-mounted micro display device and image the image through human eyes at a diaphragm. The volume of the prism is effectively reduced, the compactness of the whole structure is realized, meanwhile, the combination of the design of the non-axis of the lens group and the waveguide prism effectively increases the incidence angle, reduces the aberration and finally increases the field angle.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an optical path structure, includes display device, battery of lens, waveguide prism and diaphragm, the light that display device sent finally gets into people's eye through battery of lens, waveguide prism and diaphragm in proper order, its characterized in that:
the lens group consists of not less than 3 lenses, and the optical axes of any lens forming the lens group are parallel but not coincident; among the lenses forming the lens group, one surface of one lens is an axisymmetric bi-quadric surface, and the other surface of the lens and the surfaces of the other lenses are rotationally symmetric aspheric surfaces;
the waveguide prism comprises a multi-curved surface prism and a compensating prism which are made of the same materials;
the multi-curved surface prism comprises 5 optical action surfaces: a first optical surface, a second optical surface, a third optical surface, a fourth optical surface, and a fifth optical surface; one beam of light enters the multi-curved-surface prism after being refracted by the first optical surface, then is reflected by the second optical surface, the first optical surface, the third optical surface, the fifth optical surface and the fourth optical surface in sequence, and finally is refracted by the fifth optical surface;
the first optical surface, the second optical surface and the fourth optical surface are axisymmetric bi-quadric surfaces, and the surface type equation is as follows:
wherein,
Rxand RyRadius of curvature, k, in the x and y directions, respectivelyxAndthe coefficients of the quadric surface in the x and y directions, respectively;
the compensating prism is provided with an incident surface and a compensating surface, and the compensating surface is complementary with the fourth optical surface; and the other beam of light enters the compensating prism after being refracted by the incident surface, then is refracted by the compensating surface to form the compensating prism, is refracted by the fourth optical surface to enter the multi-curved-surface prism, and finally is refracted by the fifth optical surface to form the multi-curved-surface prism.
2. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lens group is composed of not less than 3 lenses, wherein at least one positive lens and one negative lens are arranged, the absolute value of the Abbe number difference between the positive lens and the negative lens is more than 20 and less than 40, and the refractive index of any lens is between 1.48 and 1.65.
3. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the optical axes of the front and back surfaces of the lens in any lens group are coincident.
4. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the surfaces of the lenses of any one of the lens groups are plated with antireflection films.
5. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first optical surface, the second optical surface, and the fourth optical surface are each symmetric about an x-axis and a y-axis, respectively.
6. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first optical surface is a cylindrical surface, R of whichx＝0，Kx＝0。
7. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third optical surface and the fifth optical surface are planes and are parallel to each other.
8. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fourth optical surface is a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting surface, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting film is plated on the surface of the fourth optical surface, and a reflecting film is plated on the surface of the second optical surface.
9. The optical path structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the multi-curved surface prism is 40mm-60mm, and the thickness of the multi-curved surface prism is 5mm-10 mm; the included angle between the first optical surface and the second optical surface is 20-30 degrees, and the included angle between the fourth optical surface and the fifth optical surface is 20-30 degrees.
10. An augmented reality head-mounted display, comprising: comprising the optical circuit arrangement of claims 1-9.
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| CN112255798A (en) * | 2020-11-08 | 2021-01-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Head-mounted penetrating type intelligent glasses optical system |
| CN113820860A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-21 | 歌尔光学科技有限公司 | Light guide lens group, light guide system and head-mounted display device |
| US11644650B2 (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2023-05-09 | Coretronic Corporation | Optical lens and head-mounted display device including five lenses of +−−++ refractive powers |
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