CN107976362B - Three-point bending fixture - Google Patents

Three-point bending fixture Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107976362B
CN107976362B CN201711384833.2A CN201711384833A CN107976362B CN 107976362 B CN107976362 B CN 107976362B CN 201711384833 A CN201711384833 A CN 201711384833A CN 107976362 B CN107976362 B CN 107976362B
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centering
test piece
base
pressure head
point bending
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CN107976362A (en
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王斐霏
李宇罡
陈秋龙
周伟敏
曹力军
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/04—Chucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0023—Bending
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
    • G01N2203/0405—Features allowing alignment between specimen and chucks

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a three-point bending fixture, comprising: the base is provided with a fixed groove, and the base is provided with a base centering mark; the two supports are arranged on two sides of the fixed groove on the base at intervals; the test piece is placed on the support, and a test piece centering mark is arranged on the test piece; the test piece and the support are provided with a detection mechanism; the lower part of the centering plate is arranged in the fixed groove, and an alignment center seam is arranged on the centering plate; the upper pressure head is arranged above the support, the upper pressure head is attached to the inner surface of the upper part of the centering plate, and an upper pressure head centering mark is arranged on the upper pressure head; the inspection mechanism includes: the limiting grooves are formed in the top ends of the two supports and the bottom end of the test piece; the centering ruler is arranged in the limiting groove. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the device has the advantages of simplicity, rapidness and convenience in operation, high centering precision and the like, is suitable for three-point bending test pieces of different sizes, and has good practical application value.

Description

Three-point bending fixture
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of experimental mechanics, in particular to a design scheme of a three-point bending fixture capable of realizing rapid and accurate centering of test pieces with different sizes, and particularly relates to a three-point bending fixture.
Background
The three-point bending test is a mechanical test method which is relatively simple and convenient to implement and wide in application, and can be used for testing various mechanical performance indexes such as bending strength, plane strain fracture toughness and the like of members such as bars, pipes, welding lines and the like made of solid materials such as metal, high polymers, ceramics, semiconductors and the like. An important factor in practicing the three-point bend test is the centering of the system. The method mainly comprises the steps of front-back/left-right centering between an upper pressure head and a lower support mechanism and front-back/left-right centering between a test piece and the whole set of clamp. The test system directly determines the accuracy of three-point bending test data and the permissibility of test results on the neutrality, and is of great importance to the influence on the whole test process.
Through patent retrieval and patent analysis network retrieval, only two Chinese patents related to the three-point bending fixture are found at present. One is the chinese utility model patent with application number CN200920300175.9, the publication date is 2010, 6 months and 2 days, the name of the utility model of the patent is: a bending jig for prefabricating fatigue cracks. This patent is through setting up first application of force point and the second application of force point that sets up for the plane of symmetry of two backing rolls on the afterburning head to reach effective extension anchor clamps pressure head life, shorten installation time, guarantee the purpose of tired prefabricated crack effect. Secondly, the chinese utility model patent with application number CN201120475743.6, the publication date is 2012, 8 and 1, the name of the utility model of the patent is: a three-point bending fixture for testing the prefabricated cracks and the fracture toughness. The test device is suitable for test work of test pieces with different sizes by arranging a pair of supporting slide blocks with adjustable intervals on a supporting mechanism base. In addition, because the key components in the clamp are all detachably mounted, the replacement and the maintenance of the key components become concise and convenient. The clamps designed in the above two patents are only slightly modified on the traditional three-point bending clamp, and cannot solve an important problem that really troubles experimenters, namely how to quickly and accurately realize the centering of the clamp and the test piece and the clamp.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a three-point bending clamp which can quickly and accurately realize the centering of the clamp and a test piece and the clamp.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a three-point bending jig, including: the base is provided with a fixed groove, and the base is provided with a base centering mark; the number of the supports is two, and the two supports are arranged on two sides of the fixed groove on the base at intervals; the test piece is placed on the support, and a test piece centering mark is arranged on the test piece; the test piece and the support are provided with a detection mechanism; the lower part of the centering plate is arranged in the fixing groove, and an alignment center seam is arranged on the centering plate; the upper pressure head is arranged above the support and is attached to the inner surface of the upper part of the centering plate, and an upper pressure head centering mark is arranged on the upper pressure head; the inspection mechanism includes: the limiting grooves are formed in the top ends of the two supports and the bottom end of the test piece; the centering ruler is arranged in the limiting groove.
Preferably, a quick clamp locker is arranged on the base.
Preferably, a base clamping handle is arranged on the base.
Preferably, an upper pressure head clamping handle is arranged on the upper pressure head.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the clamp, the centering plate aligned with the middle seam is arranged on the front face of the clamp, so that the front-back/left-right centering between the upper pressure head and the lower support mechanism and the left-right centering between the test piece and the clamp can be quickly and accurately realized;
2. according to the clamp, the front and back centering of the test piece and the clamp can be quickly and accurately realized by forming the central limiting grooves in the two supports of the lower supporting mechanism and the bottom of the test piece and arranging the centering ruler in the central limiting grooves;
3. the centering plates on the clamp are all detachable installation structures, can be rapidly detached after the centering function is realized, and directly enter the test stage of the test piece, so that the centering efficiency and precision of the test piece are effectively improved, and the proportion of the test piece centering time in the whole test time can be greatly reduced.
4. The clamp disclosed by the invention is simple in design, convenient to operate, high in practicability and great in popularization value.
Drawings
Other characteristic objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following figures.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a three-point bending fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the three point bend fixture of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-centering plate 2-centering ruler 3-quick clamp locker
4-fixed groove 5-upper pressure head centering mark 6-test piece centering mark
7-base centering mark 8-upper pressure head 9-base
10-support 11-test piece 12-upper pressure head clamping handle
13-base clamping handle 14-alignment median seam 15-limiting groove
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in figures 1-2, the three-point bending fixture provided by the invention is used for 7050-T6 high-strength aluminum alloy plane strain fracture toughness K for aviationICThe three-point bending test comprises the following steps:
(a) and clamping the base 9 on a hydraulic lower chuck of the electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine.
(b) And placing the multi-directional centering plate 1 of the clamp into a fixing groove 4 in the center of the front surface of a base 9 of the lower support mechanism, and clamping the quick clamp locker 3.
(c) And (3) attaching the upper pressure head 8 to the inner surface of the centering plate 1 to realize the centering of the upper pressure head 8 and the base 9 in the left-right/front-back directions, and then locking the upper chuck of the fatigue testing machine to finish the clamping of the upper pressure head 8.
(d) The outer surface of the sharp end of the opening of the test piece 11 is provided with a centering mark, the COD gauge is clamped at the opening of the test piece 11, the test piece 11 is placed on the support 10 of the lower supporting mechanism, and the upper pressure head centering mark 5, the test piece centering mark 6 and the base centering mark 7 are displayed from the alignment middle seam 14 of the multi-direction centering plate 1 of the clamp at the same time, namely the base 7, the test piece 11 and the pressure head 8 are centered in the left-right direction.
(e) The lower surface fixing groove 4 of the test piece 11 and the limiting groove 15 at the top end of the support 10 of the lower support mechanism are basically aligned, then the front centering ruler 2 and the rear centering ruler 2 of the test piece 11 are respectively inserted from the left side and the right side, the centering rulers 2 are repeatedly pushed and pulled in the left-right direction, the left-right movement of the centering rulers 2 at the two sides in the limiting groove 15 is ensured to be smooth, and the front-rear direction centering between the test piece and the clamp is finished. During this process, attention is paid to checking and adjusting the left-right centering of the test piece 11. After the centering of the test piece 11 in the left-right direction and the front-back direction is adjusted, the front-back centering ruler 2 of the test piece 11 is pulled out, the locker 3 is loosened, the centering plate 1 is taken down, and the experiment is ready to be started.
(f) Calling a fatigue crack prefabrication program, and prefabricating the fatigue crack under the conditions of frequency of 10Hz, peak force of 4.19kN and amplitude force of 1.89kN according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the strain fracture toughness of the elastic plane of the metal material.
(g) Call KICAnd (3) a test procedure, namely pressing and breaking the test piece under the condition that the force value acceleration is 0.2kN/s according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the strain fracture toughness of the elastic plane of the metal material.
(h) According to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for fracture toughness under linear elastic plane strain of metal material, 1/4 thickness crack length a is respectively measured under a low power optical microscope213.95mm, 1/2 thickness crack length a314.1mm,3/4 thickness crack length a4The average crack length a was calculated to be 13.98mm, 13.9mm, and the prepared fatigue crack was judged to be effective.
(i) Drawing a force-displacement curve according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the wire elastic plane strain fracture toughness of metal materials, and determining PQA value of 11.3kN, PmaxThe value was 11.9kN, and it was judged that P wasQThe value is valid.
(j) K is calculated according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the wire elastic plane Strain fracture toughness of Metal materialsQValue of 32.8MPam1/2And is judged to be valid KICThe value is obtained.
Example two
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, the three-point bending test using a three-point bending jig according to the present invention was performedPlane strain fracture toughness K of 7075-T651 aviation high-strength aluminum alloyICThe value is obtained.
7075-T651 aviation high-strength aluminum alloy plane strain fracture toughness KICThe three-point bending test comprises the following steps:
(a) and clamping the base 9 on a hydraulic lower chuck of the electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine.
(b) And placing the multi-directional centering plate 1 of the clamp into a fixing groove 4 in the center of the front surface of a base 9 of the lower support mechanism, and clamping the quick clamp locker 3.
(c) And (3) attaching the upper pressure head 8 to the inner surface of the centering plate 1 to realize the centering of the upper pressure head 8 and the base 9 in the left-right/front-back directions, and then locking the upper chuck of the fatigue testing machine to finish the clamping of the upper pressure head 8.
(d) The outer surface of the sharp end of the opening of the test piece 11 is provided with a centering mark, the COD gauge is clamped at the opening of the test piece 11, the test piece 11 is placed on the support 10 of the lower supporting mechanism, and the upper pressure head centering mark 5, the test piece centering mark 6 and the base centering mark 7 are displayed from the alignment middle seam 14 of the multi-direction centering plate 1 of the clamp at the same time, namely the base 7, the test piece 11 and the pressure head 8 are centered in the left-right direction.
(e) The lower surface fixing groove 4 of the test piece 11 and the limiting groove 15 at the top end of the support 10 of the lower support mechanism are basically aligned, then the front centering ruler 2 and the rear centering ruler 2 of the test piece 11 are respectively inserted from the left side and the right side, the centering rulers 2 are repeatedly pushed and pulled in the left-right direction, the left-right movement of the centering rulers 2 at the two sides in the limiting groove 15 is ensured to be smooth, and the front-rear direction centering between the test piece and the clamp is finished. During this process, attention is paid to checking and adjusting the left-right centering of the test piece 11. After the centering of the test piece 11 in the left-right direction and the front-back direction is adjusted, the front-back centering ruler 2 of the test piece 11 is pulled out, the locker 3 is loosened, the centering plate 1 is taken down, and the experiment is ready to be started.
(f) Calling a fatigue crack prefabrication program, and prefabricating the fatigue crack under the conditions of frequency of 10Hz, peak force of 4.27kN and amplitude force of 1.92kN according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the strain fracture toughness of the elastic plane of the metal material.
(g) Call KICThe test procedure is that according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the strain fracture toughness of the elastic plane of the metal material wire, the test piece is pressed and broken under the condition that the force value acceleration rate is 0.2kN/s
(h) According to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for fracture toughness under linear elastic plane strain of metal material, 1/4 thickness crack length a is respectively measured under a low power optical microscope213.79mm, 1/2 thickness crack length a314.0mm,3/4 thickness crack length a4The average crack length a was calculated to be 13.88mm, 13.85mm, and the prepared fatigue crack was judged to be effective.
(i) Drawing a force-displacement curve according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the wire elastic plane strain fracture toughness of metal materials, and determining PQA value of 10.5kN, PmaxA value of 11.01kN, and the P was judgedQThe value is valid.
(j) K is calculated according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the wire elastic plane Strain fracture toughness of Metal materialsQValue of 30.2MPam1/2And is judged to be valid KICThe value is obtained.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in figures 1-2, the plane strain fracture toughness K of the high fatigue resistance aluminum alloy for aviation 2024-T4 is measured by a three-point bending test by using a three-point bending fixture provided by the inventionICThe value is obtained.
2024-T4 high fatigue resistance aluminum alloy plane strain fracture toughness K for aviationICThe three-point bending test comprises the following steps:
(a) and clamping the base 9 on a hydraulic lower chuck of the electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine.
(b) And placing the multi-directional centering plate 1 of the clamp into a fixing groove 4 in the center of the front surface of a base 9 of the lower support mechanism, and clamping the quick clamp locker 3.
(c) And (3) attaching the upper pressure head 8 to the inner surface of the centering plate 1 to realize the centering of the upper pressure head 8 and the base 9 in the left-right/front-back directions, and then locking the upper chuck of the fatigue testing machine to finish the clamping of the upper pressure head 8.
(d) The outer surface of the sharp end of the opening of the test piece 11 is provided with a centering mark, the COD gauge is clamped at the opening of the test piece 11, the test piece 11 is placed on the support 10 of the lower supporting mechanism, and the upper pressure head centering mark 5, the test piece centering mark 6 and the base centering mark 7 are displayed from the alignment middle seam 14 of the multi-direction centering plate 1 of the clamp at the same time, namely the base 7, the test piece 11 and the pressure head 8 are centered in the left-right direction.
(e) The lower surface fixing groove 4 of the test piece 11 and the limiting groove 15 at the top end of the support 10 of the lower support mechanism are basically aligned, then the front centering ruler 2 and the rear centering ruler 2 of the test piece 11 are respectively inserted from the left side and the right side, the centering rulers 2 are repeatedly pushed and pulled in the left-right direction, the left-right movement of the centering rulers 2 at the two sides in the limiting groove 15 is ensured to be smooth, and the front-rear direction centering between the test piece and the clamp is finished. During this process, attention is paid to checking and adjusting the left-right centering of the test piece 11. After the centering of the test piece 11 in the left-right direction and the front-back direction is adjusted, the front-back centering ruler 2 of the test piece 11 is pulled out, the locker 3 is loosened, the centering plate 1 is taken down, and the experiment is ready to be started.
(f) Calling a fatigue crack prefabrication program, and prefabricating the fatigue crack under the conditions of frequency of 10Hz, peak force of 4.21kN and amplitude force of 1.89kN according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the strain fracture toughness of the elastic plane of the metal material.
(g) Call KICThe test procedure is that according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the strain fracture toughness of the elastic plane of the metal material wire, the test piece is pressed and broken under the condition that the force value acceleration rate is 0.2kN/s
(h) According to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for fracture toughness under linear elastic plane strain of metal material, 1/4 thickness crack length a is respectively measured under a low power optical microscope214.1mm, 1/2 thickness crack length a314.25mm,3/4 thickness crack length a4The average crack length a was calculated to be 14.17mm, which is 14.15mm, and the prepared fatigue crack was judged to be effective.
(i) Drawing a force-displacement curve according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the wire elastic plane strain fracture toughness of metal materials, and determining PQA value of 12.3kN, PmaxThe value was 13.0kN, and it was judged that P wasQValue valid。
(j) K is calculated according to the requirements of ASTME399 Standard test method for the wire elastic plane Strain fracture toughness of Metal materialsQValue of 36.3MPam1/2And is judged to be valid KICThe value is obtained.
In conclusion, the three-point bending fixture capable of realizing rapid and accurate centering is simple to disassemble and assemble, easy to operate and high in efficiency, and can realize plane strain fracture toughness KICAnd in the three-point bending test process, the test piece, the clamp and different components of the clamp are quickly and accurately centered in the left-right/front-back directions. According to the invention, through designing the centering plate with the central groove, the front-back/left-right quick and accurate centering of the upper pressure head and the lower support mechanism and the left-right quick and accurate centering between the test piece and the clamp are realized. The centering limit grooves are respectively formed in the tops of the test piece and the support seat of the lower supporting mechanism, and the centering ruler is designed to realize quick and accurate centering between the test piece and the clamp in the front-back direction. A movable lower supporting mechanism support is designed, and the device is suitable for three-point bending test pieces of different sizes. Plane strain fracture toughness KICThe three-point bending test is carried out, and the arc-shaped appearance of the prefabricated crack with symmetrical height shows that the clamp designed by the invention can accurately ensure the centering property of the test piece.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (4)

1. A three-point bending fixture, comprising:
the base is provided with a fixed groove, and the base is provided with a base centering mark;
the number of the supports is two, and the two supports are arranged on two sides of the fixed groove on the base at intervals;
the test piece is placed on the support, and a test piece centering mark is arranged on the test piece;
the test piece and the support are provided with a detection mechanism;
the lower part of the centering plate is arranged in the fixing groove, and an alignment center seam is arranged on the centering plate;
the upper pressure head is arranged above the support and is attached to the inner surface of the upper part of the centering plate, and an upper pressure head centering mark is arranged on the upper pressure head;
the inspection mechanism includes:
the limiting grooves are formed in the top ends of the two supports and the bottom end of the test piece;
the centering ruler is arranged in the limiting groove.
2. A three-point bending fixture according to claim 1, wherein quick clamp lockers are provided on the base.
3. A three point bending fixture according to claim 1, wherein a base clamping shank is provided on the base.
4. A three point bending fixture as claimed in claim 1, in which an upper ram clamping shank is provided on the upper ram.
CN201711384833.2A 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 Three-point bending fixture Active CN107976362B (en)

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CN108844831B (en) * 2018-07-01 2021-04-09 北京工业大学 Dot matrix sandwich structure bending test device
CN109142087A (en) * 2018-07-02 2019-01-04 上海交通大学 Texture evolution home position observation experimental provision, system and application method

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CN202362206U (en) * 2011-11-25 2012-08-01 苏州热工研究院有限公司 Three-point bending jig for precrack and fracture toughness test
CN103760037B (en) * 2014-01-23 2016-03-02 湖南大学 A kind of bearing-type injury biomechanics three point bending test device and test method
CN105300810B (en) * 2015-11-27 2018-06-12 武汉钢铁有限公司 A kind of three point bending test device with laser centring device
CN105547858A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-05-04 江苏科技大学 Measuring device and testing method for glass micro channel bending mechanical property
CN106769433A (en) * 2017-03-31 2017-05-31 沈阳盛远检测技术有限公司 Composite bends and interlayer shear sample fast fixture

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