CN107967270A - Realize the method and system of multi-functional caching - Google Patents
Realize the method and system of multi-functional caching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method and system for realizing multi-functional caching, can break through the technical limitation for realizing caching function, reduces development and maintenance cost；And original system zero is invaded and is configured, the opening and closing of caching are flexibly set；In addition, can also realize unrestricted choice buffer memory device, system performance is improved.This method includes：Using Nginx, according to request of data, data are obtained from buffer memory device, if obtaining successfully, data are back to client；Otherwise, from server return source data, by Hui Yuan to data be back to client, and the data are preserved into buffer memory device, wherein Hui Yuan refers to the request of client beaming back server, and obtains data from server, wherein the buffer memory device is memory database and/or external data base.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer technology and software field, more particularly to a kind of method for realizing multi-functional caching and it is
System.
Background technology
Caching technology almost has become the effective technology means for improving various system performances, in internet site system
Even more a kind of indispensable technology.Each system is according to the needs of itself, the technology used during caching is realized
It is not quite similar.
In the prior art, the effective method for realizing caching function is the ngx_http_ using Nginx itself
Proxy_module modules, cache data by way of agency.Instructed by mould related cache in the block, so that
Easily realize by data buffer storage in disk file, and configure relatively simple.
But there are certain the defects of property for this mode：
First, which only works the request using ngx_http_proxy_module modules, there is certain limitation
Property；Secondly, configuration is more inflexible, can not dynamically be turned on and off caching；Again, because the data obtained are stored in disk,
So as to storage file available number be limited to where file system inode numbers；Finally, during data buffer storage,
Buffer memory device is single, can only accomplish by data buffer storage into specified catalogue, and can not realize unrestricted choice buffer memory device, to slow
The realization for depositing function has a certain impact, and is unfavorable for improving the performance of whole system.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of method and system for realizing multi-functional caching, can break through realization caching work(
The technical limitation of energy, reduces development and maintenance cost；And to original system zero invade configure, flexibly set caching unlatching and
Close；In addition, can also realize unrestricted choice buffer memory device, system performance is improved.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of method for realizing multi-functional caching.
A kind of method for realizing multi-functional caching of the present invention includes：Using Nginx, according to request of data, set from caching
Data if obtaining successfully, are back to client by standby middle acquisition data；Otherwise, source data is returned from server, Hui Yuan is arrived
Data are back to client, and the data are preserved into buffer memory device, and wherein Hui Yuan refers to beam back the request of client
Server, and data are obtained from server, wherein the buffer memory device is memory database and/or external data base.
Alternatively, the method further includes：Caching switch, including global buffer switch and/or variable caching switch are set,
To be dynamically turned on and off caching.
Alternatively, source data is returned from server to further include：It is identical to ensure using asynchronous non-obstruction lock mechanism during the source of returning
Request there was only one by Hui Yuan to server.
Alternatively, the memory database uses one kind or several in Redis, Memchached, Nginx shared buffer memory
Kind.
Alternatively, the method further includes：According to buffer size, when preserving the data into buffer memory device, into
One or more of processing in row data fragmentation, data cutting storage, data compression, to improve caching performance.
To achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of system for realizing multi-functional caching.
A kind of system for realizing multi-functional caching of the present invention includes：Nginx proxy modules, for according to request of data,
Data are obtained from buffer memory device, if obtaining successfully, data are back to client；Otherwise, source data is returned from server, will
Hui Yuan to data be back to client, and the data are preserved into buffer memory device, wherein Hui Yuan refers to client
Server is beamed back in request, and obtains data from server；Server, for returning source request according to data, there is provided data；Caching is set
It is standby, for the memory database and/or external data base for preserving the data.
Alternatively, the Nginx proxy modules are additionally operable to：Caching switch, including global buffer switch and/or variable are set
Caching switch, to be dynamically turned on and off caching.
Alternatively, the Nginx proxy modules are additionally operable to：It is identical to ensure using asynchronous non-obstruction lock mechanism during the source of returning
Request there was only one by Hui Yuan to server.
Alternatively, the memory database uses one kind or several in Redis, Memchached, Nginx shared buffer memory
Kind.
Alternatively, the Nginx proxy modules are additionally operable to：According to buffer size, set preserving the data to caching
When standby middle, one or more of processing in data fragmentation, data cutting storage, data compression are carried out, to improve caching performance.
Technique according to the invention scheme, by using language such as Lua, writes processing script, and script is registered to
It is so as to fulfill the mode acted on behalf of using Nginx, caching function is preposition in the different phase of Nginx, and no longer need in system
Miscellaneous caching is developed in inside, reduces development and maintenance cost, and is no longer limited by the office of Nginx middle processing modules in itself
It is sex-limited；And realize by using the Nginx modes acted on behalf of and be selectively stored in data on different buffer memory devices, so as to
To break the limitation of data buffer storage, the performance of original system is improved；By dynamically setting caching to switch, so as to increase
The flexibility of caching function；And while caching function is realized, utilize asynchronous non-obstruction lock mechanism protection back-end server；It is logical
Cross and support data cached burst, so as to advantageously reduce the risk brought by buffer memory device failure；Work(is cut by using data
Energy, data compression process technology, so as to preferably improve access performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Attached drawing is used to more fully understand the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.Wherein：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the key step of the method for realizing multi-functional caching according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the major part of the system for realizing multi-functional caching according to embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment
Explain below in conjunction with attached drawing to the one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, including the various of the embodiment of the present invention
Details should think them only exemplary to help understanding.Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art should recognize
Arrive, various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein, without departing from scope and spirit of the present invention.Together
Sample, for clarity and conciseness, eliminates the description to known function and structure in following description.
The method for realizing multi-functional caching of the embodiment of the present invention is realized based on Nginx, and original system zero is invaded, it is specific and
Saying to be：By using language such as Lua, processing script is write, and script is registered in the different phase of Nginx, so that
Realize the mode using Nginx agencies, caching function is preposition, so as to effectively avoid because carrying cache module using Nginx
Ngx_http_proxy_module and caused by limitation.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the key step of the method for realizing multi-functional caching according to embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for realizing multi-functional caching of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps：
Step S11：Using Nginx, according to request of data, data are obtained from buffer memory device, if obtaining successfully, by number
According to being back to client；Otherwise
Step S12：Return source data from server, by Hui Yuan to data be back to client, and the data are preserved
Into buffer memory device.If obtaining failure in above-mentioned steps S11 from caching, it is probably cache invalidation or the request of data is
The first time of this kind of request of data asks, and there is not yet the data to be asked in caching, then returns source data from server, will return
Source to data be back to client, and the data are preserved into buffer memory device.
Wherein Hui Yuan refers to the request of client beaming back server, and obtains data from server, wherein the caching
Equipment is memory database and/or external data base.
Specifically：
1., first can basis in the embodiment of the present invention when Nginx receives the request of data that user initiates from client
Pre-set caching key obtains data from buffer memory device, and client is directly returned data to if getting；Otherwise
Continue to execute second step.In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, if not pre-setting caching key, acquiescence uses URI+
QueryString (inquiry string).
2. caching does not have data when cache invalidation either accesses for the first time, Nginx is responsible for back source server to ask
Seek data.
3. if return source request data success (as returned to 200 answer codes), continue to execute the 4th step；Return unsuccessful
(such as non-200 answer code), then export answer code and data as former state.
4. store data on pre-set buffer memory device.
5. data are returned into client.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure quickly can to close and open caching, increase the flexibility of caching function,
In the 1st step above, caching switch is devised.Can be two kinds of switches in the embodiment of the present invention：One kind is global buffer
Switch, can be in opening by the switch, this interval scale uses caching with default setting；When the switch is closed,
The server Hui Yuan that all request of data are held immediately rearward.Another kind is the switch for single caching key designs, can be referred to as
Variable caching switch.The switch can the more fine-grained use for controlling caching.
In order to ensure the dynamic setting of caching switch, caching switch can be put into buffer memory device in the form of key-value pair
In, for example, global buffer switch be named as prefix_global_switch, its value can be set on and non-on, when value is on
When just represent caching open, it is other then represent caching close；And it is the variable caching switch that single caching key is set, Yong Huke
Voluntarily to configure a variable (such as variable), this variable is sewed plus before and after and has reformed into variable caching switch, such as
Prefix_variable_switch, switch value and usage are similar with global buffer switch.
Setting switch value for convenience, in the embodiment of the present invention, can be based on a http interface and realize.This http
It is that type represents that buffer memory device type, switch_name represent switch name, switch_ respectively that interface, which can have three to enter ginseng,
Value represents switch value.It is as follows using the specific process flow of the interface：Request is set when receiving switch, is extracted first
Three in request enter ginseng, determine that buffer memory device, switch_name determine switch name, pass through switch_ by type
Value determines switch value, finally by the set methods (the setting data method of buffer memory device) of calling buffer memory device to switch value
It is updated.In the embodiment of the present invention, in addition to this more common switch value set-up mode based on http interfaces, may be used also
With using other modes.Such as assume to have determined that buffer memory device is to be based on Redis, and know which Redis caching switches is located at
On example, then the i.e. achievable caching switch value of caching switch being directly turned on and off on corresponding Redis examples must be set.
The global buffer switch prefix_global_switch set using aforesaid way please suitable for all data
Ask, so after any request of data reaches Nginx, prefix_global_switch all can be first obtained from buffer memory device
Value, data are obtained by way of determining from caching acquisition data or using Hui Yuan the switch value got.And variable
Caching switch prefix_variable_switch can be then adapted in some specific request of data.The embodiment of the present invention
In, the variable in variable caching switch can be that what a well-regulated character string set, such as can represent data
The URL of request, a such as request is http://abc.de.com/abc, then the switch for representing this request is exactly
prefix_/abc_switch.The switch is examined after global buffer switch is checked out, and occupation mode is opened with global buffer
Close identical.
In addition, universally multi-functional caching is realized as one, cache invalidation when institute is also contemplated in the embodiment of the present invention
The negative effect of generation.To the management of Hui Yuan during based on cache invalidation, in foregoing second step, one can be added when going back to source
Asynchronous non-obstruction lock, to ensure substantial amounts of identical request of data, only has a real Hui Yuan to rear end.It is mentioned here non-
Obstruction, is because the lock will not block the process of Nginx, can be that every kind of request of data defines a lock, when a data please
To ask after getting the lock, follow-up same kind of other request of data can not get the lock, they can all be " blocked ",
The request of data for going to handle other species that Nginx can also be asynchronous at this time.When the request that lock is obtained based on first will be got
Data update to after buffer memory device, follow-up request of data would not Hui Yuan rear ends again server, so as to play
Protect the effect of backend application.
In addition, in the 4th foregoing step, which buffer memory device the data got storage is specifically arrived into, user is can
Voluntarily to select, such as can set which equipment selected by the form of Nginx variables, such as set $ device redis, this
Mean that using this buffer memory device of Reids；It is of course also possible to by writing lua-nginx-module modules, using wherein
Ngx.ctx request contexts, such as ngx.ctx [" device "]=" redis ", then can obtain the target to be stored
Buffer memory device identifies.
The purpose of caching be in order to improve system performance, so compared to the prior art by data buffer storage into disk, this
Rational improvement has been done in invention, i.e., by data cached preservation into memory database.Provided in the embodiment of the present invention it is a variety of can
For the memory database used, it is such as, but not limited to：Redis, Memchached, Nginx shared buffer memory.Further, it is also possible to it is
Use other external data bases.Realize buffer memory device setting can be based on definition three entry methods, respectively be obtain number
According to, data be set, delete data, each buffer memory device is required for realizing these three entry methods.Entry method needs what is realized
Function is as follows：When entry method is called, first (these buffer memory devices can be registered the buffer memory device of acquisition user configuration in advance
In one file), then directly invoking the corresponding implementation method of the buffer memory device can.If it is desired to extension caching is set
It is standby, it is only necessary to realize above three entry method, being then registered in file to use.
The method for realizing multi-functional caching of the embodiment of the present invention further includes：According to buffer size, by data preserve to
When in buffer memory device, one or more of processing in data fragmentation, data cutting storage, data compression are carried out, to improve caching
Performance.This three kinds processing operations are described in detail below.
When buffer data size is excessive, the buffer memory device of single example may produce various risks, such as by one
The data cached of hundreds of GB is put into the Redis of a single example, and when high concurrent, Redis performances can decline；Another wind
Danger is exactly after Redis examples delay machine, and caused cache invalidation punishment back-end services are unaffordable.The embodiment of the present invention
Automaticdata slicing algorithm is provided, multiple storage examples, and the example according to caching key by its hash to fixation can be set
In：Such as multiple Redis examples can be set using configuration-direct, the usage amount of so each Redis examples will reduce, from
And reduce its application risk.
In order to further lift service quality, reduce the data response time, the embodiment of the present invention is supported to single caching
Data carry out average cutting, i.e. data cutting storage.So-called average cutting is exactly one piece of big data, cuts into formed objects
Several equal portions, per portion be stored in order in corresponding example.
Realize in detail as follows：
Precondition A：By configuration-direct, several Redis examples are set, such as can be 3, are respectively
Redis1、Redis2、Redis3。
Precondition B：By configuration-direct, setting is just needed when the data to be cached are more than predetermined threshold value (such as 1MB)
Data are cut.
After first time source data is obtained back, first check for whether the size of data (being represented with n) is more than 1MB, if greatly
In, then whole data are made of 3 and divide exactly and (to store examples because of there is provided 3), the size of the preceding two block numbers evidence at this moment cut out
The number (being represented with b) for exactly dividing exactly out, the size of last block number evidence is exactly n-b*2.Firstly generated after cutting before storage
One version number, this version number can be put into the first character section of each cutting data block, according to preposition bar when storage
Data cutting cube, is put into each example by the sample order that part A is set parallel successively.Finally number is stamped for the key of the data
According to cut mark, the data for representing the key are cut.
When obtaining data from caching, first check for whether caching key has been labeled with cut mark, walked if not normal
Flow.If be cut, then the block number evidence of caching is concurrently taken out from three Redis examples first, after successfully taking out
Whether consistent the first character section of all data blocks is contrasted, after first character section is removed if consistent, by each data block
The sample order set according to precondition A is assembled and exports.Other situations are considered as cache miss.
In order to reduce the flow each asked, data can be compressed with processing, compression algorithm uses big at present
The gzip compression algorithms that partial view device is all supported.Concrete processing procedure is as follows：After request of data arrival, this can be checked first
Whether there is this value of gzip in the accept-encoding request headers of request of data, the request of data is initiated if then representing
Client support gzip decompression, the caching key for representing the request this when is exactly that the caching key given tacit consent to (can also be
The key that user specifies) gzip suffix is added, this key can be called compressed cache key, then according to this compressed cache
Key can obtain data from specified equipment.
Data are obtained from the server of rear end if taking less than data, the data got are before buffer memory device is put into
Gizp compression algorithms can be first used, then returned to the data compressed, and content- is set in the head response of http
Encoding values are gzip, tell that this data of client are compressed by gzip.
In practical application, this data compression function can be arranged to acquiescence and be in off state, and can pass through a switch
Prefix_gzip_switch is opened, using it is foregoing caching switch is set when the similar principles of http interfaces mentioned control
Open.Checking out prefix_global_switch, prefix_variable_switch, the two are opened this compression switch
It is examined after closing.
The method for realizing multi-functional caching according to embodiments of the present invention can be seen that by using language such as Lua, write
Script is handled, and script is registered in the different phase of Nginx, so as to fulfill using the mode of Nginx agencies, work(will be cached
Can be preposition, and no longer need to develop miscellaneous caching in internal system, development and maintenance cost is reduced, and be no longer limited by
The limitation of Nginx middle processing modules in itself；And realize by using the Nginx modes acted on behalf of and be selectively stored in data
On different buffer memory devices, so as to break the limitation of data buffer storage, the performance of original system is improved；By dynamically setting
Caching switch is put, so as to increase the flexibility of caching function；And while caching function is realized, utilize asynchronous non-obstruction
Lock mechanism protects back-end server；By supporting data cached burst, so as to advantageously reduce what is brought by buffer memory device failure
Risk；By using data cutting function, data compression process technology, so as to preferably improve access performance.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the major part of the system for realizing multi-functional caching according to embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 2, the system 20 for realizing multi-functional caching of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes following module：Nginx
Proxy module 201, server 202 and buffer memory device 203.Wherein,
Nginx proxy modules 201 are used to, according to request of data, data are obtained from buffer memory device 203, if obtaining successfully,
Data are then back to client；Otherwise, return source data from server 202, by Hui Yuan to data be back to client, and will
The data are preserved into buffer memory device 203, and wherein Hui Yuan refers to the request of client beaming back server 202, and from service
Device 202 obtains data；Server 202, for returning source request according to data, there is provided data；Buffer memory device 203, for for preserving
The memory database and/or external data base of the data.
Wherein, Nginx proxy modules 201 can be additionally used in：Caching switch, including global buffer switch and/or variable are set
Caching switch, to be dynamically turned on and off caching.
Nginx proxy modules 201 can be additionally used in：During the source of returning, using asynchronous non-obstruction lock mechanism, to ensure identical request
Only one by Hui Yuan to server 202.
Wherein, memory database uses the one or more in Redis, Memchached, Nginx shared buffer memory.
In addition, Nginx proxy modules 201 can be additionally used in：According to buffer size, preserved by the data to buffer memory device
When in 203, one or more of processing in data fragmentation, data cutting storage, data compression are carried out, to improve caching performance.
From the above, it can be seen that by using language such as Lua, processing script is write, and script is registered to Nginx
Different phase in, it is caching function is preposition, and no longer need in internal system so as to fulfill using the mode of Nginx agencies
Develop miscellaneous caching, reduce development and maintenance cost, and be no longer limited by the limitation of Nginx middle processing modules in itself
Property；And realize by using the Nginx modes acted on behalf of and be selectively stored in data on different buffer memory devices, so as to
Break the limitation of data buffer storage, improve the performance of original system；It is slow so as to increase by dynamically setting caching to switch
Deposit the flexibility of function；And while caching function is realized, utilize asynchronous non-obstruction lock mechanism protection back-end server；Pass through
Data cached burst is supported, so as to advantageously reduce the risk brought by buffer memory device failure；By using data cutting function,
Data compression process technology, so as to preferably improve access performance.
Above-mentioned embodiment, does not form limiting the scope of the invention.Those skilled in the art should be bright
It is white, depending on design requirement and other factors, various modifications, combination, sub-portfolio and replacement can occur.It is any
Modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., should be included in the scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method for realizing multi-functional caching, it is characterised in that including：Using Nginx, according to request of data, data are obtained from buffer memory device, if obtaining successfully, data are back to client End；Otherwise, return source data from server, by Hui Yuan to data be back to client, and the data are preserved to caching and are set In standby,Wherein Hui Yuan refers to the request of client beaming back server, and obtains data from server, wherein the buffer memory device For memory database and/or external data base.
- 2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method further includes：Caching switch, including the overall situation are set Caching switch and/or variable caching switch, to be dynamically turned on and off caching.
- 3. according to the method described in claim 1, further included it is characterized in that, returning source data from server：During the source of returning, utilization is different Non- obstruction lock mechanism is walked, to ensure that identical request only has one by Hui Yuan to server.
- 4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the memory database using Redis, Memchached, One or more in Nginx shared buffer memories.
- 5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method further includes：According to buffer size, by described in When data are preserved into buffer memory device, one or more of processing in data fragmentation, data cutting storage, data compression are carried out, To improve caching performance.
- A kind of 6. system for realizing multi-functional caching, it is characterised in that including：Nginx proxy modules, for according to request of data, data being obtained from buffer memory device, if obtaining successfully, data are returned It is back to client；Otherwise, return source data from server, by Hui Yuan to data be back to client, and the data are preserved Into buffer memory device, wherein Hui Yuan refers to the request of client beaming back server, and obtains data from server；Server, for returning source request according to data, there is provided data；Buffer memory device, for the memory database and/or external data base for preserving the data.
- 7. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the Nginx proxy modules are additionally operable to：Caching is set to open Close, including global buffer switch and/or variable caching switch, to be dynamically turned on and off caching.
- 8. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the Nginx proxy modules are additionally operable to：During the source of returning, utilize Asynchronous non-obstruction lock mechanism, to ensure that identical request only has one by Hui Yuan to server.
- 9. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the memory database using Redis, Memchached, One or more in Nginx shared buffer memories.
- 10. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the Nginx proxy modules are additionally operable to：According to caching need Asking, when preserving the data into buffer memory device, carrying out one kind in data fragmentation, data cutting storage, data compression Or several processing, to improve caching performance.
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| CN109617943A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-04-12 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data cache method, device and storage medium, computer equipment |
| CN111294372A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-16 | 北京京东尚科信息技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for realizing cache in proxy server |
| WO2020211570A1 (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-22 | 深圳前海微众银行股份有限公司 | Cache processing method and device, equipment, and computer readable storage medium |
| CN112446654A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-05 | 北京京东尚科信息技术有限公司 | Map display method, map display device, map display equipment and storage medium |
| CN112988680A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-18 | 联想凌拓科技有限公司 | Data acceleration method, cache unit, electronic device and storage medium |
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| CN109617943B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2022-08-12 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data caching method and device, storage medium and computer equipment |
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