CN107965550A - A kind of arcwall face contacts Worm Wheel System power set - Google Patents
A kind of arcwall face contacts Worm Wheel System power set Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
- F16H1/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes
- F16H1/16—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising worm and worm-wheel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/22—Toothed members; Worms for transmissions with crossing shafts, especially worms, worm-gears
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Abstract
一种弧形面接触蜗轮蜗杆传动动力装置，属于扶梯减速机领域，弧形面接触蜗轮蜗杆传动中，蜗杆采用多头弧形圆柱蜗杆；基于进化鱼群算法，建立蜗轮蜗杆优化数学模型，对蜗杆副进行参数优化，以获得齿面的啮合性能；基于磨削加工对蜗杆进行齿面曲率修正，使齿面啮合为弧形面接触，蜗轮蜗杆的瞬时接触线平稳渐变、均匀分布；齿面的瞬时接触线垂直于蜗轮和蜗杆的齿面相对运动的方向。本装置对相互啮合的蜗轮和蜗杆进行优化设计后，对蜗杆进行了齿面曲率修正，使齿面啮合成为弧形面接触，消除安装误差，并使蜗杆副齿面法线方向垂直于蜗轮和蜗杆的齿面相对速度方向，以便使相互啮合的蜗轮和蜗杆得到良好的润滑性能。
An arc-shaped surface contact worm gear transmission power device belongs to the field of escalator reducers. In the arc-shaped surface contact worm gear drive, the worm adopts a multi-head arc cylindrical worm; based on the evolutionary fish swarm algorithm, an optimal mathematical model for the worm gear is established. The parameters of the pair are optimized to obtain the meshing performance of the tooth surface; the curvature of the tooth surface of the worm is corrected based on the grinding process, so that the meshing of the tooth surface is arc-shaped surface contact, and the instantaneous contact line of the worm gear changes gradually and uniformly; The instantaneous line of contact is perpendicular to the direction of relative motion of the tooth surfaces of the worm gear and worm. After optimizing the design of the meshing worm gear and worm, this device corrects the curvature of the tooth surface of the worm, so that the tooth surface meshes into an arc-shaped surface contact, eliminates installation errors, and makes the normal direction of the worm pair tooth surface perpendicular to the worm gear and The tooth surface of the worm is relative to the speed direction, so that the meshing worm gear and worm can get good lubrication performance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明应用于扶梯减速机领域，尤其涉及一种用于扶梯的弧形面接触蜗杆蜗轮传动动力装置。The invention is applied to the field of escalator reducers, and in particular relates to an arc-shaped surface contact worm gear transmission power device for escalators.
背景技术Background technique
减速机在原动机和工作机或执行机构之间起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用。随着减速机在工业上的应用和发展，我国减速机的设计和制造水平日趋完善，但是对于蜗杆减速机的蜗轮蜗杆传动，轮齿的形状不仅会影响到蜗杆传动的运动特性，而且还会影响到蜗杆蜗轮传动的动力性能。为了适应现代化大生产的发展趋势，人们不断探究新型齿廓齿形，现有技术下，在蜗杆副的齿根与齿顶处总会有啮合冲击，会大大地降低蜗杆副传动的承载能力及寿命，也增大了减速机传动噪声，影响传动精度。The reducer plays the role of matching speed and transmitting torque between the prime mover and the working machine or actuator. With the application and development of reducers in industry, the design and manufacturing level of reducers in my country is becoming more and more perfect. Affect the dynamic performance of worm gear transmission. In order to adapt to the development trend of modern large-scale production, people continue to explore new tooth profiles. Under the existing technology, there will always be meshing impact at the tooth root and tooth top of the worm pair, which will greatly reduce the load-carrying capacity and It also increases the transmission noise of the reducer and affects the transmission accuracy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有问题，本发明提供一种弧形面接触蜗轮蜗杆传动动力装置，具有结构紧凑、承载性能好、运行平稳、噪音低和高寿命的优点。Aiming at the above existing problems, the present invention provides an arc-shaped surface contact worm gear transmission power device, which has the advantages of compact structure, good bearing performance, stable operation, low noise and long life.
本发明包括涡轮、蜗杆，蜗杆为多头弧形圆柱蜗杆，涡轮、蜗杆的齿面啮合为弧形面接触，齿面的瞬时接触线垂直于涡轮和蜗杆的齿面相对运动的方向；The present invention includes a turbine and a worm, the worm is a multi-head arc cylindrical worm, the tooth surfaces of the turbine and the worm are in contact with arc surfaces, and the instantaneous contact line of the tooth surfaces is perpendicular to the relative movement direction of the tooth surfaces of the turbine and the worm;
基于进化鱼群算法，建立蜗杆优化数学模型，蜗杆优化数学模型按如下式得出：Based on the evolutionary fish swarm algorithm, the worm optimization mathematical model is established, and the worm optimization mathematical model is obtained as follows:
其中：σ为惩罚系数，f(x) 为统一目标函数，gi (x)为约束条件；Where: σ is the penalty coefficient, f(x) is the unified objective function, g i (x) is the constraint condition;
上述对蜗杆进行参数优化，以砂轮齿廓圆弧半径ρ、轴向模数m、导程角γ作为设计变量，以诱导法曲率和啮合区面积为目标函数，采用线性加权法将两个目标函数处理成统一目标函数，对设计变量进行上下边界约束，以蜗轮蜗杆齿顶厚作为性能约束。The parameter optimization of the worm is carried out above. The arc radius ρ of the grinding wheel tooth profile, the axial modulus m, and the lead angle γ are used as the design variables, and the curvature of the induced method and the area of the meshing area are used as the objective function. The linear weighting method is used to combine the two objectives The function is processed into a unified objective function, and the upper and lower boundaries of the design variables are constrained, and the thickness of the tooth top of the worm gear is used as the performance constraint.
本发明基于磨削加工对蜗杆进行齿面曲率修正，使齿面啮合成为弧形面接触，消除安装误差，同时使蜗轮蜗杆的瞬时接触面平稳渐变、均匀分布，并使瞬时接触线垂直于蜗轮和蜗杆的齿面相对运动的方向，以便使相互啮合的蜗轮和蜗杆得到良好的润滑性能。The invention corrects the curvature of the tooth surface of the worm based on the grinding process, so that the tooth surface meshes into an arc-shaped surface contact, eliminates the installation error, and at the same time makes the instantaneous contact surface of the worm gear change gradually and evenly distributed, and makes the instantaneous contact line perpendicular to the worm wheel The direction of relative movement with the tooth surface of the worm, so that the meshing worm gear and worm can get good lubrication performance.
本发明所述多头弧形圆柱蜗杆采用盘形砂轮进行磨削加工，根据盘形砂轮的工作表面方程与实际加工参数推导得出蜗杆的接触面方程。The multi-head arc-shaped cylindrical worm of the present invention is ground with a disc-shaped grinding wheel, and the contact surface equation of the worm is deduced according to the working surface equation of the disc-shaped grinding wheel and actual processing parameters.
本发明通过盘型砂轮对蜗杆进行磨削，盘型砂轮与蜗杆之间，蜗杆轴线与砂轮的发生圆环面轴线以蜗杆分度圆柱螺旋升角为安装角进行安装；磨削时，蜗杆以一定的螺旋特性参数作螺旋运动，同时磨削砂轮绕自身轴线作旋转运动进行蜗杆齿面磨削。In the present invention, the worm is ground by the disc-shaped grinding wheel. Between the disc-shaped grinding wheel and the worm, the axis of the worm axis and the axis of the toroidal surface of the grinding wheel are installed at the installation angle of the helix angle of the worm indexing cylinder; when grinding, the worm is installed with A certain helical characteristic parameter performs helical motion, and at the same time, the grinding wheel rotates around its own axis to grind the tooth surface of the worm.
本发明的蜗杆是采用盘形砂轮进行加工的，优化了动态啮合性能，不需要制造蜗轮滚刀，克服了传统制造中蜗轮滚刀难以制造的问题，减少了制造成本。The worm of the invention is processed by a disc-shaped grinding wheel, which optimizes the dynamic meshing performance, does not need to manufacture worm wheel hobs, overcomes the problem that the worm wheel hobs are difficult to manufacture in traditional manufacturing, and reduces manufacturing costs.
所述蜗轮的接触面方程按如下公式得出：The contact surface equation of the worm wheel is obtained by the following formula:
K2为蜗轮的瞬时接触面方程，K1为蜗杆的瞬时接触面方程，φ 1为蜗杆的转动角度，φ 2为蜗轮的转动角度，a为蜗轮蜗杆的中心距，坐标系S 1是空间动坐标系，它与蜗杆相固联，k 1轴与蜗杆轴线重合；坐标系S σ 也是空间动坐标系，它与圆环面盘形砂轮相联接，且砂轮轴线正好与k σ 轴相重合；坐标系S w 是空间定坐标系，k w 轴与k 1轴重合；坐标系S p 是为了表达蜗杆与蜗轮之间运动关系而建立的空间辅助定坐标系。K 2 is the instantaneous contact surface equation of the worm, K 1 is the instantaneous contact surface equation of the worm, φ 1 is the rotation angle of the worm, φ 2 is the rotation angle of the worm, a is the center distance of the worm, and the coordinate system S 1 is the space The moving coordinate system is fixedly connected with the worm, and the k 1 axis coincides with the axis of the worm; the coordinate system S σ is also a space moving coordinate system, which is connected with the torus disc grinding wheel, and the axis of the grinding wheel coincides with the k σ axis ; The coordinate system S w is a space fixed coordinate system, and the k w axis coincides with the k 1 axis; the coordinate system S p is a space auxiliary fixed coordinate system established to express the kinematic relationship between the worm and the worm wheel.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为盘型砂轮加工蜗杆的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of disc-shaped grinding wheel processing worm;
图2为蜗轮与蜗杆啮合的坐标系示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the coordinate system of the meshing of the worm wheel and the worm;
图3为弧形面接触蜗轮蜗杆传动副的啮合示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the meshing of the arc-shaped surface contacting worm gear transmission pair;
图4为蜗轮蜗杆接触面分布情况示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the contact surface of the worm gear.
具体实施例specific embodiment
一种用于扶梯的弧形面接触蜗轮蜗杆传动动力装置，蜗杆是通过盘形砂轮进行加工的。图1为盘形砂轮加工蜗杆示意图。首先,根据盘形砂轮的齿面方程与实际加工参数，再结合蜗杆设计原理确定蜗杆的齿面方程如图所示,在进行蜗杆加工时，在加工蜗杆时，蜗杆轴线与砂轮的发生圆环面（产形面）轴线是以蜗杆分度圆柱螺旋升角为安装角进行安装；蜗杆以一定的螺旋特性参数作螺旋运动，同时磨削砂轮绕自身轴线作旋转运动进行蜗杆齿面磨削，从而加工出蜗杆。然后，根据蜗杆的齿面方程以及空间啮合理论,按照蜗轮和蜗杆的安装位置，得出与蜗杆完全共轭的蜗轮的齿面方程。The utility model relates to an arc-shaped surface contact worm gear transmission power device for an escalator, and the worm is processed by a disc-shaped grinding wheel. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a disc-shaped grinding wheel processing a worm. First of all, according to the tooth surface equation of the disc grinding wheel and the actual processing parameters, combined with the design principle of the worm to determine the tooth surface equation of the worm, as shown in the figure, when processing the worm, when the worm is processed, the axis of the worm and the ring of the grinding wheel The axis of the surface (production surface) is installed with the helix angle of the worm indexing cylinder as the installation angle; the worm performs helical motion with certain helical characteristic parameters, and at the same time the grinding wheel rotates around its own axis to grind the worm tooth surface. Thus processing the worm. Then, according to the tooth surface equation of the worm and the space meshing theory, according to the installation position of the worm gear and the worm, the tooth surface equation of the worm wheel that is completely conjugate to the worm is obtained.
如图2所示，蜗杆绕k 1轴旋转,蜗轮绕k σ 轴旋转，S 1(O 1, i 1, j 1, k 1)，S σ (O σ , i σ , j σ ,k σ )，S w (O w , i w , j w , k w )，S p (O p , i p , j p , k p )。其中，坐标系S 1(O 1, i 1, j 1, k 1)是空间动坐标系，它与蜗杆相固联，k 1轴与蜗杆轴线重合；坐标系S σ (O σ , i σ , j σ , k σ )也是空间动坐标系，它与圆环面盘形砂轮相联接，且砂轮轴线正好与k σ 轴相重合；坐标系S w (O w , i w , j w , k w )是空间定坐标系，k w 轴与k 1轴重合；坐标系S p (O p , i p , j p , k p )是为了表达蜗杆与蜗轮之间运动关系而建立的空间辅助定坐标系，k p 轴与k σ 轴相重合，i p 轴与i w 轴相重合。多头弧形圆柱蜗杆采用盘形砂轮进行磨削加工，蜗杆的瞬时接触面方程根据盘形砂轮的工作表面方程与实际加工参数推导得出，蜗轮的瞬时接触面方程如下式：As shown in Figure 2, the worm rotates around the k 1 axis, and the worm gear rotates around the k σ axis, S 1 ( O 1 , i 1 , j 1 , k 1 ), S σ ( O σ , i σ , j σ , k σ ), S w ( O w , i w , j w , k w ), S p ( O p , i p , j p , k p ). Among them, the coordinate system S 1 ( O 1 , i 1 , j 1 , k 1 ) is a space dynamic coordinate system, which is fixedly connected with the worm, and the k 1 axis coincides with the axis of the worm; the coordinate system S σ ( O σ , i σ , j σ , k σ ) is also a space dynamic coordinate system, which is connected with the torus disc - shaped grinding wheel , and the axis of the grinding wheel coincides with the k σ axis ; w ) is a space fixed coordinate system, k w axis coincides with k 1 axis; the coordinate system S p ( O p , i p , j p , k p ) is a space auxiliary fixed coordinate system established to express the kinematic relationship between the worm and the worm gear. In the coordinate system, the k p axis coincides with the k σ axis, and the i p axis coincides with the i w axis. The multi-head arc-shaped cylindrical worm is ground with a disc-shaped grinding wheel. The instantaneous contact surface equation of the worm is derived from the working surface equation of the disc-shaped grinding wheel and the actual processing parameters. The instantaneous contact surface equation of the worm wheel is as follows:
基于进化鱼群算法，建立蜗杆优化数学模型，对蜗杆进行参数优化，以提高齿面的啮合性能；以砂轮齿廓圆弧半径ρ、轴向模数m、导程角γ作为设计变量，以诱导法曲率和啮合区面积为目标函数，采用线性加权法将两个目标函数处理成统一目标函数，对设计变量进行上下边界约束，以蜗轮蜗杆齿顶厚作为性能约束，且必须保证在蜗杆齿面上不会出现根切现象。蜗杆优化数学模型如下：Based on the evolutionary fish swarm algorithm, the worm optimization mathematical model is established, and the parameters of the worm are optimized to improve the meshing performance of the tooth surface; the grinding wheel tooth profile arc radius ρ, axial modulus m, and lead angle γ are used as design variables, and The curvature of the induction method and the area of the meshing area are used as the objective function, and the linear weighting method is used to process the two objective functions into a unified objective function, and the upper and lower boundaries of the design variables are constrained. There will be no undercutting on the surface. The mathematical model of worm optimization is as follows:
其中：σ为惩罚系数，f(x) 为统一目标函数，gi (x)为各项约束条件。Among them: σ is the penalty coefficient, f(x) is the unified objective function, g i (x) is various constraints.
计算优化前后的诱导法曲率值跟啮合区面积的值，可得优化后的诱导法曲率值比优化前变小，啮合区面积比优化前变大，说明齿面优化方法可行。Calculate the curvature value of the induction method before and after optimization and the value of the area of the meshing area. It can be obtained that the curvature value of the induction method after optimization is smaller than that before optimization, and the area of the meshing area is larger than that before optimization, which shows that the tooth surface optimization method is feasible.
如图3所示为弧形面接触蜗轮蜗杆传动副的啮合示意图，蜗杆与蜗轮啮合传动。根据蜗杆的螺旋瞬时接触面方程以及空间啮合理论，按照蜗轮蜗杆的安装位置，得出蜗轮的瞬时接触面方程。As shown in Figure 3, it is a schematic diagram of the meshing of the arc-shaped surface contacting worm gear transmission pair, and the worm and the worm gear are meshed for transmission. According to the helical instantaneous contact surface equation of the worm and the space meshing theory, according to the installation position of the worm gear, the instantaneous contact surface equation of the worm wheel is obtained.
如图4所示为蜗轮蜗杆啮合齿面的接触线示意图，图4中的1、2、3表示瞬时接触线，点区域表示面接触啮合区。对蜗杆齿面的曲率进行修正，使齿面曲率修正规律与蜗轮蜗杆齿面间相对运动方向的法曲率半径变化一致，从而齿面啮合成为弧形面接触，以形成良好的润滑状态。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the contact line of the meshing tooth surface of the worm gear and worm. 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 4 represent the instantaneous contact line, and the point area represents the surface contact meshing area. The curvature of the tooth surface of the worm is corrected so that the correction law of the curvature of the tooth surface is consistent with the change of the normal radius of curvature in the relative motion direction between the tooth surfaces of the worm gear and worm, so that the meshing of the tooth surfaces becomes arc-shaped surface contact to form a good lubrication state.
本实施例中在进行蜗杆加工时，蜗杆以一定的螺旋特性参数作螺旋运动,同时磨削砂轮绕自身轴线作旋转运动进行蜗杆齿面磨削。In this embodiment, when the worm is processed, the worm performs helical motion with a certain helical characteristic parameter, and at the same time the grinding wheel rotates around its own axis to grind the tooth surface of the worm.
以上描述是对本发明的解释，不是对发明的限定，本发明所限定的范围参见权利要求，在不违背本发明的基本结构的情况下，本发明可以作任何形式的修改。The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the invention. For the limited scope of the present invention, refer to the claims. Without departing from the basic structure of the present invention, the present invention can be modified in any form.
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| CN201711225732.0A CN107965550A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of arcwall face contacts Worm Wheel System power set |
| PCT/CN2017/117416 WO2019104777A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-12-20 | Arc-shaped surface contact-based worm and worm gear transmission type power device |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN108561519A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-09-21 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of large pressure angle worm gearing |
| CN108775378A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-09 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of large pressure angle worm screw hoisting mechanism |
| CN108775379A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-09 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of large pressure angle double worm mechanism |
| CN109543340A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 海安县申菱电器制造有限公司 | A kind of modeling method of nonlinear contact arc-shaped tooth |
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| CN108775379B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2023-04-28 | 江苏理工学院 | Big pressure angle double worm drive mechanism |
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| CN111306257A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-19 | 海安市申菱电器制造有限公司 | Arc-shaped surface contact worm and gear transmission power device |
| CN112628359A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 郝子豪 | Rolling worm gear power machine |
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| CN113127993A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-16 | 重庆大学 | Worm wheel razor and its design method and shape-modifying method |
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| CN113076616A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-06 | 重庆大学 | Worm gear master machine precision active design distribution method considering full-error information factors |
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