CN107956708A - A kind of potential cavitation fault detection method of pump based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis - Google Patents
A kind of potential cavitation fault detection method of pump based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of potential cavitation fault detection method of pump based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, including：Step 1, gather vibration acceleration signal and carry out noise reduction, as pending signal；Step 2, according to the data volume size of signal, the decomposition exponent number of signal processing is determined；Step 3, according to quick spectrum kurtosis algorithm result of calculation, optimal carrier frequency and bandwidth are selected；Step 4, Fourier transformation is carried out to the signal in the carrier frequency and bandwidth of selection, obtains spectrum envelope figure；Step 5, original signal time-domain diagram, the spectrum envelope figure after the quickly signal time-domain diagram of spectrum kurtosis filtering process and selection area Fourier transformation are contrasted, analyzes time and the frequecy characteristic of cavitation fault-signal.More cavitation instantaneous signals are able to detect that using this method of the present invention, and seeing the information in terms of time domain and frequency domain must become apparent from obvious, can substantially tell the normal condition and cavitation condition of pump.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of signal processing, more particularly to a kind of real-time status based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis pump and
The method for detecting its potential cavitation failure.
Background technology
High performance centrifugal pump extensive use and demand on today's society is huge.Due to being operated in the complicated bar such as high-voltage high-speed
Under part, the cavitation failure of centrifugal pump occurs again and again, causes vibration frequency aggravation, noise increase, corrosion of blade, seriously restricts pump
Performance and service life.Traditional detection method is in the signal such as pump cavitation newborn period, flow and lift, vibration and noise for pump
The detection of change is simultaneously insensitive；But when cavitation signal significant changes, cavitation failure has developed rapidly quite serious
Degree.
The acoustical signal bandwidth span of cavitation bubble is big, instantaneity is strong, intractability is higher；Vibration signal is past caused by cavitation
Modulated strongly toward by blade rotation.
The common fault-signal detection method of field of signal processing mainly has Short Time Fourier Transform and wavelet transformation at present
Two kinds.Short Time Fourier Transform is a kind of most common Time-Frequency Analysis Method, and a segment signal in its passage time window represents
The signal characteristic at a certain moment.During Short Time Fourier Transform, the length of window determines the temporal resolution and frequency of spectrogram
Rate resolution ratio, window length is longer, and the signal of interception is longer, and signal is longer, and frequency resolution is higher after Fourier transformation, time resolution
Rate is poorer；On the contrary, window length is shorter, the signal of interception is shorter, and frequency resolution is poorer, and temporal resolution is better, that is to say, that
In Short Time Fourier Transform, it cannot get both between temporal resolution and frequency resolution, it should accepted or rejected according to specific requirements.
The serious influence for receiving time domain and frequency domain resolution of Short Time Fourier Transform, causes its effect to be restricted.Moreover,
For vibration acceleration signal caused by cavitation, Short Time Fourier Transform can not analyze clear and definite information.
The practicality of wavelet transformation is significantly stronger than Short Time Fourier Transform, it inherits and developed short time discrete Fourier transform office
The thought in portion, while overcome the shortcomings of window size does not change with frequency again, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide one with frequency shift " when
M- frequency " window, is the ideal tools for carrying out signal time frequency analysis and processing.Industrial production uses discrete wavelet transformer in practice
Change more.But still suffer from wavelet basis and choose the deficiency not unique, wavelet parameter combination is unstable.Also have with reference to supporting vector at the same time
Machine and Artificial Neural Network improve wavelet decomposition transform, using pressure fluctuation signal and cavitation field distributed image, to wink
The cavitation characterization extraction of state change is largely effective, but algorithm complex is high, parameter setting still needs experience interpretation.In addition,
Complement one another with multiscale analysis such as wavelet transformations, based on multi dimensional analysis (impeller-guide vane-load-sound and vibration signal spectrum)
Cavitation diagnostic method, successfully develop the Turbine Cavitation Testing monitoring and fault diagnosis system of high sensitivity, high reliability, but this is more
Dimensional analysis method fails to obtain high-resolution dynamic spectrum texture, is unfavorable for that characterization is crucial from sheet to cloud cavitation etc. to be turned
Twist process.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of potential cavitation fault detection method of pump based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, it is able to detect that
More instantaneous signals, seeing the information in terms of time domain and frequency domain must become apparent from obvious, can substantially tell the normal shape of pump
State and cavitation condition, not only possess bigger frequency detection range, but also easy to operate.
A kind of potential cavitation fault detection method of pump based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, noise reduction is carried out to the vibration acceleration signal of collection, as the pending signal of experiment；
Step 2, according to the data volume size for testing pending signal, the highest quick spectrum kurtosis algorithm of fitting degree is determined
Decompose decomposition exponent number of the exponent number as signal processing；
Step 3, according to quick spectrum kurtosis algorithm result of calculation, be chosen so that signal kurtosis maximum carrier frequency and
Respective bandwidth；
Step 4, Fourier transformation is carried out to the signal after the carrier frequency and respective bandwidth of selection, obtains spectrum envelope
Figure；
Step 5, according to original signal time-domain diagram, the signal time-domain diagram handled through quick spectrum kurtosis and selection area Fourier
Spectrum envelope figure after conversion, analyzes time and the frequecy characteristic of fault-signal.
In step 1, the noise-reduction method is, in processing routine, using pre -whitening processing noise, signal is dropped
Make an uproar processing, pre -whitening processing is in MATLAB softwares：
X=x-mean (x)；
Na=100；
A=lpc (x, Na)；
X=fftfilt (a, x)；
X=x (Na+1:end)；
Wherein x is the signal of processing.
The detailed process of step 2 is：
Step 2-1, in MATLAB softwares, according to actual amount of data, sets a preliminary exposition exponent number；
Step 2-2, under the exponent number, observes the carrier frequency and bandwidth obtained by quickly composing kurtosis algorithm, observes the frequency
Spectrum envelope figure in the range of rate after Fourier transformation；
Step 2-3, according to spectrum envelope figure peak feature, determines to decompose exponent number.
Decomposing the principle that exponent number is established is adjusted according to the density at the spectrum envelope figure peak of handling result, if peak is close
Degree is too low, then reduces and decompose exponent number；It is on the contrary then raise.
In step 3, the quick spectrum kurtosis algorithm is in MATLAB softwares for one with original signal, decomposition exponent number
(nlevel) and sample frequency be independent variable function.
In step 5, analyze the time of fault-signal and the process of frequecy characteristic is specially：
Step 5-1, whether there is obvious impact signal on the signal time-domain diagram handled according to quick spectrum kurtosis, determine be
It is no there are cavitation failure, according to position of the impact signal on time-domain diagram, determine the time of cavitation fault-signal；
Step 5-2, according to the axis frequency and leaf frequency information on the frequency envelope figure after Fourier transformation, determines cavitation event
Hinder the frequecy characteristic of signal.
The present invention provides a kind of method of quick spectrum kurtosis frequency spectrum texture analysis, by quickly composing kurtosis function, to pump
Vibration signal handled.The present invention is chosen so that it includes most optimal carrier frequency and the bandwidth progress of prompting message
Signal filters, and frequency domain information is obtained by carrying out Fourier transformation to this section of time-domain information, and then pump state is detected, right
Specific cavitation failure-frequency is analyzed.
The method of the present invention significant increase signal enhancing ability, can strengthen cavitation signal, at the same time from rotating leaf frequency
The related data of pump can be clearly told, also has an obvious resolution for normal condition and cavitation condition.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that pump real-time state monitoring of the present invention based on quick spectrum kurtosis frequency spectrum texture analysis is examined with potential cavitation failure
The flow diagram of the method for survey；
Fig. 2 is to the analysis and processing result schematic diagram under rated condition using quick spectrum kurtosis；
Fig. 3 a are original signal time-domain diagrams under rated condition；
Fig. 3 b are that the signal time-domain diagram after kurtosis filtering process is quickly composed under rated condition；
Fig. 3 c are the spectrum envelope figures after selection area Fourier transformation under rated condition；
Fig. 4 is to the analysis and processing result schematic diagram under pump cavitation state using quick spectrum kurtosis；
Fig. 5 a are original signal time-domain diagrams under pump cavitation state；
Fig. 5 b are that the signal time-domain diagram after kurtosis filtering process is quickly composed under pump cavitation state；
Fig. 5 c are the spectrum envelope figures after selection area Fourier transformation under pump cavitation state.
Embodiment
Quick spectrum kurtosis is a kind of fourth order spectrum analysis tool.It is defined asWherein H (n,
F) it is complex envelopes of the signal x (n) in frequency f.<>It is the operator averaged.Quick spectrum kurtosis can be very good to analyze unstable
Process, such as instantaneous signal, and the kurtosis numerical value of the instantaneous signal of height unstable state depends on the frequency resolution (Δ of estimator
F), each transient phenomena correspond to a kind of optimal frequency band { f, Δ f }.Therefore, in actual analytic process, it should look for
To the information of optimal frequency and frequency resolution, so that in this section, kurtosis reaches maximum, you can to find correlation
Transient state information.
Pump is under many states, such as cavitation and deformable blade, can all cause the vibration of pump to undergo mutation, so that
Produce substantial amounts of transient state information.In this way, quickly compose the good detection transient state information of kurtosis algorithm and good noise resisting ability
Cavitation fault detection and diagnosis to pump provides a kind of good instrument.
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment is to technical scheme
It is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the pump incipient fault detection method based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis includes the following steps：
S01, normal load pump is collected by vibration acceleration sensor and the vibration letter of the pump of cavitation phenomenon occurs respectively
Number, and import data in processing routine.
In processing routine, using the method for pre -whitening processing noise, noise reduction process is carried out to signal.In MATLAB softwares
In, the sentence of prewhitening is：
X=x-mean (x)；
Na=100；
A=lpc (x, Na)；
X=fftfilt (a, x)；
X=x (Na+1:end)；
Wherein x is the signal of processing.
S02, the signal that noise reduction process obtains is calculated using quick spectrum kurtosis function, quick kurtosis function of composing is one
A function using original signal, decomposition exponent number (nlevel) and sample frequency as independent variable.
According to the size of data volume, choose suitable calculates and decompose exponent number.Herein, the principle that exponent number is established is decomposed
It is come definite according to the density at the spectrum envelope figure peak of handling result, if peak density is too low, reduces and decompose exponent number；It is on the contrary
Then raise.In this test data, experiment frequency acquisition is 40960Hz, test data substantially between 640,000 to 650,000, because
This uses the analysis of six ranks.
S03, in the quickly analysis result figure of spectrum kurtosis, finds the frequency for possessing maximum spectrum kurtosis and corresponding frequency band
It is wide.Quick spectrum kurtosis analysis result under normally loaded condition as shown in Fig. 2, its optimal carrier frequency is 2400Hz,
Frequency bandwidth adds the business of first power for sample frequency and 2 exponent number, therefore its frequency bandwidth is 320Hz.It is fast under cavitation condition
For speed spectrum kurtosis analysis result as shown in figure 4, its optimal carrier frequency is 19626.6667Hz, frequency bandwidth is 1706.6667.
That segment signal for possessing maximum spectrum kurtosis, is carried out the transformation assay of time-domain and frequency-domain, uses Fourier transformation by S04
The envelope diagram of frequency is obtained, and then the state pumped by analyzing frequency come detect and diagnose.Wherein, Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b and c points of Fig. 3
Wei not original signal time-domain diagram under normally loaded condition, the quick signal time-domain diagram composed after kurtosis filtering process and Fourier transformation
Spectrum envelope figure afterwards；Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b and Fig. 5 c are respectively original signal time-domain diagram under cavitation condition, quick to compose kurtosis filtering process
Spectrum envelope figure after rear signal time-domain diagram and Fourier transformation.
S05, using handling result map analysis contrast pump under normally loaded condition with the information under cavitation condition.From original
Signal can not analyze the relevant information of pump, as shown in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 5 a.It can be found that the vibration letter of pump in normal state
In number, the data passed through after quick spectrum kurtosis filtering process are still more smooth in time domain, can not find out in time domain bright
Aobvious impact, as shown in Figure 3b.Spectrum envelope figure after Fourier transformation, in Fig. 3 c, can significantly find axis frequency
(24.61Hz) and relevant leaf frequency harmonic information (75Hz, 100Hz etc.).In this experiment, the rotating speed of pump is every for 1375 circles
Minute, then its axis frequency is 25Hz.And under cavitation condition, can be with time-domain after have passed through quick spectrum kurtosis filtering process
Substantially impact signal is clearly found, such as Fig. 5 b.On its frequency envelope figure after Fourier transformation, occur substantial amounts of
High-frequency information, its scope has even arrived more than 1600Hz, and leaf frequency signal (172Hz) is especially prominent, illustrates that pump cavitation phenomenon is produced
Raw bubble has superposition to leaf frequency, bubble high-frequency Ground shock waves blade caused by cavitation, such as Fig. 5 c.It is therefore evident that spectrum kurtosis point
Analysis can be detected and analyzed the cavitation condition of pump.
This example under specified normal condition, has obvious frequency information using the vibration acceleration data of pump,
And under cavitation condition, there is obvious impact signal at specific time point, on frequency collection of illustrative plates, can also find cavitation phenomenon
Performance, there is substantial amounts of high-frequency information, show that quickly spectrum kurtosis algorithm is for the Vibration Condition Monitoring and failure point of pump
Analysis has good effect.
Technical scheme and beneficial effect is described in detail in above-described embodiment, Ying Li
Solution is the foregoing is merely presently most preferred embodiment of the invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all principle models in the present invention
Interior done any modification, supplementary, and equivalent replacement etc. are enclosed, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of potential cavitation fault detection method of pump based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, including：
Step 1, noise reduction is carried out to the vibration acceleration signal of collection, as the pending signal of experiment；
Step 2, according to pending signal is tested, determine that the highest quick spectrum kurtosis algorithm of fitting degree decomposes exponent number as signal
The decomposition exponent number of processing；
Step 3, according to quick spectrum kurtosis algorithm result of calculation, it is chosen so that the carrier frequency and accordingly of signal kurtosis maximum
Bandwidth；
Step 4, Fourier transformation is carried out to the signal after the carrier frequency and respective bandwidth of selection, obtains spectrum envelope figure；
Step 5, according to original signal time-domain diagram, the signal time-domain diagram handled through quick spectrum kurtosis and selection area Fourier transformation
Spectrum envelope figure afterwards, analyzes time and the frequecy characteristic of fault-signal.
2. the pump potential cavitation fault detection method according to claim 1 based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, its feature exist
In in step 1, the noise-reduction method is, in processing routine, using pre -whitening processing noise, signal is carried out at noise reduction
Reason.
3. the pump potential cavitation fault detection method according to claim 1 based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, its feature exist
In the detailed process of step 2 is：
Step 2-1, in MATLAB softwares, according to the data volume size for testing pending signal, sets a preliminary exposition rank
Number；
Step 2-2, under the exponent number, observes the carrier frequency and bandwidth obtained by quickly composing kurtosis algorithm, observes the frequency model
Enclose the spectrum envelope figure after interior Fourier transformation；
Step 2-3, according to the feature of spectrum envelope figure, determines to decompose exponent number.
4. the potential cavitation fault detection method of pump based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis according to claim 1 or 3, its feature
It is, in step 2, the definite principle for decomposing exponent number is according to the data volume and the frequency spectrum of handling result for testing pending signal
The density at envelope diagram peak adjusts.
5. the pump potential cavitation fault detection method according to claim 1 based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, its feature exist
In in step 3, the quick spectrum kurtosis algorithm is in MATLAB for one with original signal, decomposition exponent number and sample frequency
For the function of independent variable.
6. the pump potential cavitation fault detection method according to claim 1 based on quick spectrum kurtosis analysis, its feature exist
In, in step (5), the time of described analysis fault-signal and the process of frequecy characteristic specifically,
Step 5-1, whether there is obvious cavitation impact signal on the signal time-domain diagram handled according to quick spectrum kurtosis, determine be
It is no there are cavitation failure, according to position of the impact signal on time-domain diagram, determine the time of cavitation fault-signal；
Step 5-2, according to the axis frequency and leaf frequency information on the frequency envelope figure after Fourier transformation, determines that cavitation failure is believed
Number frequecy characteristic.
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Inventor after: Chu Ning Inventor after: Yu Tianyi Inventor after: Ning Yue Inventor after: Tang Chuanchuo Inventor after: Wu Dazhuan Inventor before: Yu Tianyi Inventor before: Chu Ning Inventor before: Ning Yue Inventor before: Tang Chuanchuo Inventor before: Wu Dazhuan |