CN107947210B - 一种平抑风电场出力分钟级波动的储能出力控制方法 - Google Patents

一种平抑风电场出力分钟级波动的储能出力控制方法 Download PDF

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CN107947210B
CN107947210B CN201711202473.XA CN201711202473A CN107947210B CN 107947210 B CN107947210 B CN 107947210B CN 201711202473 A CN201711202473 A CN 201711202473A CN 107947210 B CN107947210 B CN 107947210B
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energy storage
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CN107947210A (zh
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周识远
汪宁渤
丁坤
李勇
李津
谭洪斌
张珍珍
何世恩
战鹏
王定美
黄蓉
王明松
陈钊
张金平
张中伟
车帅
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Gansu Xinquan Wind Power Generation Co ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种基于数字滤波方法的储能出力控制方法,可以取得平抑风电场分钟级出力。在平抑风电场波动的应用中,对风电场出力进行滤波,将较高频率的波动分量作为储能系统的出力指令。一种平抑风电场出力分钟级波动的储能出力控制方法,主要步骤为:S1、采用指数加权移动平均滤波;S2、设定系统采样频率;S3、设定波动分量的时间周期以及对应的截止频率;S4、计算求解测量值的权重系数S5、利用求解得到的权重系数代入控制系统控制储能出力变化。

Description

一种平抑风电场出力分钟级波动的储能出力控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于电力领域,具体涉及一种平抑风电场出力分钟级波动的储能出力控制方法。
背景技术
随着风电比例的快速增长,电网对风电场的可调控能力提出了越来越高的要求。储能系统可以在不同时间尺度对风电场的运行能力进行支持,借助储能系统满足风电场的并网要求,促进风能的有效利用已成为建设电网友好型风电场的手段之一。
国内外标准对风电场的功率控制要求包括稳态的调控要求,如爬坡速率、预测误差,也包括暂态的要求,如故障穿越、频率响应方面的要求。目前,关于储能在风电场中的应用研究主要集中于稳态应用,主要利用储能系统实现风电场的有功功率控制。电网通常以分钟级时间窗口对风电功率波动进行考察,如对风电场1min或10min爬坡率(波动率)的限制。
发明内容
本方法提出了一种基于数字滤波方法的储能出力控制方法,可以取得平抑风电场分钟级出力。在平抑风电场波动的应用中,对风电场出力进行滤波,将较高频率的波动分量作为储能系统的出力指令。一种平抑风电场出力分钟级波动的储能出力控制方法,主要步骤为:
S1、采用指数加权移动平均滤波;
S2、设定系统采样频率;
S3、设定波动分量的时间周期以及对应的截止频率;
S4、计算求解测量值的权重系数;
S5、利用求解得到的权重系数代入控制系统,控制储能出力变化;
其中,在平抑风电场波动的应用中,对风电场出力进行滤波,将较高频率的波动分量作为储能系统的出力指令;
此处对风电场的出力采用指数加权移动平均滤波(EWMA)得到风储联合运行出力,如式(1)-(3)所示,
Figure GDA0003011707760000011
其中,
Figure GDA0003011707760000012
为滤波后的风电场出力,即风电场的目标出力,PWF(n)为风电场的实际出力采样;α为历史测量值的权重系数,0<α<1;储能的出力指令为:
Figure GDA0003011707760000013
由式(2)得到:
Figure GDA0003011707760000021
代入式(1)可得储能的出力指令:
Figure GDA0003011707760000022
对式(1)的差分方程进行Z变换可得到系统的传递函数:
Figure GDA0003011707760000023
式中,
Figure GDA0003011707760000024
Ts为采样周期;对风功率序列的频域分析可知,无论是单台风电机组还是风电场的输出功率,其0.5Hz以上的幅值已经非常小;此处,设定系统的采样频率Ts为1Hz;
式(4)的幅频特性为:
Figure GDA0003011707760000025
对应周期为1min,5min,10min,30min和60min的波动分量,分别令截止频率fc为16.7mHz,3.33mHz,1.67mHz,0.556mHz,0.278mHz;
Figure GDA0003011707760000026
对应各截止频率,求得α分别为:0.9005,0.9793,0.9896,0.9965,0.9983;
对式(5)的差分方程进行Z变换可得到传递函数:
Figure GDA0003011707760000027
将α代入后,可得到其幅频和相频特性。
实际应用中,可对滤波阶数和参数进行优化,以获得更好的平抑效果。
附图说明
图1基于滤波方法的储能工作指令计算示意图
图2系统的幅频特性
图3系统的相频特性
图4不同滤波参数下的平滑效果
图5不同滤波参数下的储能系统出力
图6风储联合出力的功率谱密度
具体实施方式
在平抑风电场波动的应用中,对风电场出力进行滤波,将较高频率的波动分量作为储能系统的出力指令,如图1所示。
此处对风电场的出力采用指数加权移动平均滤波(EWMA)得到风储联合运行出力,如式(1)-(3)所示,
Figure GDA0003011707760000031
其中,
Figure GDA0003011707760000032
为滤波后的风电场出力,即风电场的目标出力,PWF(n)为风电场的实际出力采样。α为历史测量值的权重系数,0<α<1。储能的出力指令为:
Figure GDA0003011707760000033
由式(2)得到:
Figure GDA0003011707760000034
代入式(1)可得储能的出力指令:
Figure GDA0003011707760000035
对式(1)的差分方程进行Z变换可得到系统的传递函数:
Figure GDA0003011707760000036
式中,
Figure GDA0003011707760000037
Ts为采样周期。对风功率序列的频域分析可知,无论是单台风电机组还是风电场的输出功率,其0.5Hz以上的幅值已经非常小。此处,设定系统的采样频率Ts为1Hz。
式(4)的幅频特性为:
Figure GDA0003011707760000038
对应周期为1min,5min,10min,30min和60min的波动分量,分别令截止频率fc为16.7mHz,3.33mHz,1.67mHz,0.556mHz,0.278mHz。(示例)
Figure GDA0003011707760000039
对应各截止频率,求得α分别为:0.9005,0.9793,0.9896,0.9965,0.9983。
对式(5)的差分方程进行Z变换可得到传递函数:
Figure GDA00030117077600000310
将α代入后,可得到其幅频和相频特性,如图2所示。
可见,在上述算法下,储能系统相当于一个高通滤波器,理想情况下其相位与高频风功率波动分量相反。从图2看出,选取的截止频率越低,对高频分量的抑制效果就越好。
实际应用中,可对滤波阶数和参数进行优化,以获得更好的平抑效果。
利用所建立的算法,对储能的出力以及风电场功率的平滑效果进行模拟。采用的数据来自某风电场一条汇集线路的有功功率历史记录,该线路下带有11台2MW风电机组,数据长度为1h,数据采样周期为1s。
按照上节所述的滤波算法,对不同滤波参数下的平抑效果进行仿真,如图4所示。随着截止频率的降低,得到平滑的风储联合出力曲线。
在各滤波参数下,储能系统出力呈现出不同的充放电幅度,如图5所示。可以看出,各参数下,储能的充放电频次接近。
从图6的功率谱密度计算结果看,截止频率3.33mHz之后,截止频率的进一步降低对0.1Hz以上的波动抑制效果已无太大差异。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种平抑风电场出力分钟级波动的储能出力控制方法,其特征在于,主要步骤为:
S1、采用指数加权移动平均滤波;
S2、设定系统采样频率;
S3、设定波动分量的时间周期以及对应的截止频率;
S4、计算求解测量值的权重系数;
S5、利用求解得到的权重系数代入控制系统,控制储能出力变化;
其中,在平抑风电场波动的应用中,对风电场出力进行滤波,将较高频率的波动分量作为储能系统的出力指令;
此处对风电场的出力采用指数加权移动平均滤波(EWMA)得到风储联合运行出力,如式(1)-(3)所示,
Figure FDA0003058894730000011
其中,
Figure FDA0003058894730000012
为滤波后的风电场出力,即风电场的目标出力,PWF(n)为风电场的实际出力采样;α为历史测量值的权重系数,0<α<1;储能的出力指令为:
Figure FDA0003058894730000013
由式(2)得到:
Figure FDA0003058894730000014
代入式(1)可得储能的出力指令:
Figure FDA0003058894730000015
对式(1)的差分方程进行Z变换可得到系统的传递函数:
Figure FDA0003058894730000016
式中,
Figure FDA0003058894730000017
设定系统的采样频率Ts为1Hz;
式(4)的幅频特性为:
Figure FDA0003058894730000018
对应周期为1min,5min,10min,30min和60min的波动分量,分别令截止频率fc为16.7mHz,3.33mHz,1.67mHz,0.556mHz,0.278mHz;
Figure FDA0003058894730000019
对应各截止频率,求得α分别为:0.9005,0.9793,0.9896,0.9965,0.9983;
对式(5)的差分方程进行Z变换可得到传递函数:
Figure FDA0003058894730000021
将α代入后,可得到其幅频和相频特性。
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