CN107946883A - 一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器 - Google Patents

一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器 Download PDF

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CN107946883A
CN107946883A CN201711481805.2A CN201711481805A CN107946883A CN 107946883 A CN107946883 A CN 107946883A CN 201711481805 A CN201711481805 A CN 201711481805A CN 107946883 A CN107946883 A CN 107946883A
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laser
longitudinal mode
temperature range
highly doped
optical fiber
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杨昌盛
徐善辉
杨中民
黄振鹏
冯洲明
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Hengqin Donghui Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，包括宽带光纤光栅、高掺杂增益光纤、窄带光纤光栅、波分复用器、单模半导体泵浦激光器、光隔离器。本发明以单模半导体泵浦激光器作为泵浦源对谐振腔进行泵浦，通过使用短栅区长度的光纤光栅，同时优化与提高窄带光纤光栅的反射率，并采用极短长度的高掺杂增益光纤作为增益介质，因而从多个方面有效的缩短整个谐振腔的有效腔长，大幅增大腔内相邻纵模间隔，使得该激光器能够在较宽的温度范围内实现稳定的单频激光输出。该发明具有宽的单纵模温度区间，在工作中不易受到外界环境温度的影响，实现稳定的单一纵模输出，可用于空间探测、相干光通信、多普勒测风雷达、引力波探测和量子光学等领域。

Description

一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种激光器光源，具体涉及一种单纵模温度区间可达几十摄氏度的单频光纤激光器。
背景技术
单频光纤激光器具有输出线宽窄、噪声低、频率可调、相干长度长、结构紧凑等优点，在相干光通信、光原子钟、高分辨率激光光谱仪、量子通信等高精尖领域有着巨大的应用价值。其中，短直线形腔结构的单频光纤激光器以其装置紧凑简单、成本低廉等优势，被认为是目前最有发展前景的激光光源。但是相对而言，由于目前的短直腔结构单频光纤激光器的有效腔长仍然较长，一般为3~10cm，使得激光器的单纵模温度区间较窄，只有几摄氏度的范围。然而在实际应用中，当外界环境温度变化较大时会出现跳模甚至多纵模的情况，这将严重影响激光器的输出性能，限制激光器的进一步应用。
要获得较宽的单纵模工作温度区间，通过缩短谐振腔的有效腔长是一种简单而有效的方法。因此，从影响谐振腔有效腔长的角度出发，使用较短栅区长度的光纤光栅，优化与提高窄带光纤光栅的反射率，并使用极短长度的高掺杂增益光纤作为增益介质，可以把传统短直腔的有效腔长进一步压缩，将其控制在亚厘米至毫米量级水平，能够极大的增大腔内相邻纵模间隔，使得激光器的单纵模输出温度区间大幅度的提高。通过此方法可以将单频光纤激光器的单纵模温度区间扩大到几十摄氏度，保证了激光器在各种复杂温度条件下能够实现稳定的单纵模输出，可以进一步提升短直腔结构单频光纤激光器的应用空间。
相关专利有：（1）2014年，山东海富光子科技股份有限公司申请了一种无跳模连续单频光纤激光器专利[公开号：CN 104466649A]，通过设有快速波长调制系统，可以使得光纤激光器在调制过程中保持无跳模单频性。（2）2015年，华南理工大学申请了一种宽温度适应区间的单频光纤激光器专利[公开号：CN 105356206A]，采用不同膨胀系数的封装材料（毛细管）分别对增益光纤和光纤光栅进行封装，使形成后的单频光纤激光腔的纵模温漂速度与光纤光栅反射谱的温漂速度相匹配，可以实现宽温度适应区间的单频激光输出。但是基于直接缩短谐振腔的有效腔长，显著增大腔内相邻纵模间隔的方式，进而获得宽单纵模温度区间单频光纤激光输出的方法，目前相关的报道较少。
发明内容
本发明目的是在于克服现有单频光纤激光器温度适应区间较窄的技术缺点，提供一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，通过使用短栅区长度的光纤光栅，优化与提高窄带光纤光栅的反射率，并使用极短长度的高掺杂增益光纤作为增益介质，将短直线形腔的有效腔长进一步缩短和控制在亚厘米至毫米量级，从而使激光器获得高达几十摄氏度的单纵模工作温度区间。
本发明基于短直F-P腔结构，利用一对较短栅区长度、较高反射率的光纤光栅构成短线形腔的前后腔镜，并且进行选频；利用极短长度的高掺杂增益光纤提供高增益。通常谐振腔的有效腔长决定于光纤光栅的有效长度和增益光纤的物理长度。其中，光纤光栅的有效长度正比于其栅区长度和反比于其反射率。当在泵浦激光器的连续抽运下，高掺杂增益光纤纤芯中的稀土离子出现粒子数反转，产生受激辐射信号光，在谐振腔腔镜的反馈作用下，信号光多次来回振荡并得到多次放大；由于谐振腔的有效腔长被缩减至亚厘米至毫米量级，腔内的相邻纵模间隔可以达到数GHz至数十GHz，当窄带光纤光栅的3dB反射谱宽窄至一定程度，可以满足相邻纵模间隔远远大于窄带光纤光栅反射谱宽的半高全宽大小（FWHM）的二分之一。因此，能够在较大温度范围内可靠的保证腔内只存在一个纵模模式，且由于不存在模式竞争，加上对激光谐振腔进行合适的温度控制，即可以在较宽的工作温度区间内产生稳定、无跳模的单频激光输出。
为达到上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，包括宽带光纤光栅、窄带光纤光栅、高掺杂增益光纤、波分复用器、单模半导体泵浦激光器、光隔离器、光纤光栅封装用玻璃管材料、高掺杂增益光纤封装用玻璃管材料、谐振腔温控装置。各部件之间的结构关系为：单模半导体泵浦激光器与波分复用器的泵浦端相连，波分复用器的公共端与窄带光纤光栅的一端连接，窄带光纤光栅的另一端经高掺杂增益光纤和宽带光纤光栅的一端连接，谐振腔产生的激光通过波分复用器的信号端进入光隔离器，并最终从光隔离器的输出端输出。
进一步的，所述的窄带光纤光栅对激光信号光波长部分透射（选择性反射），其中心波长处的反射率为20%~90%，其3dB反射谱宽小于0.15nm。
进一步的，所述的宽带光纤光栅的3dB反射谱宽大于0.15nm，其对泵浦光波长透射率大于80%；其对激光信号光波长反射率大于80%。
进一步的，所述的宽带光纤光栅和窄带光纤光栅具有短的栅区长度，栅区长度为1~50mm。
进一步的，所述的高掺杂增益光纤的单位长度增益系数大于1dB/cm，增益光纤使用长度为1~50mm。
优选的，所述的高掺杂增益光纤均匀掺杂高浓度的Er3+、Yb3+、Tm3+、Ho3+、Nd3+、Pr3+、Eu3+等稀土离子，或Bi、Te等新型激活离子，掺杂质量分数大于0.5wt.%。
进一步的，所述的封装用玻璃管采用紫外固化胶或热固化胶对光纤光栅和高掺杂增益光纤进行固化封装。
进一步的，所述的宽带光纤光栅、高掺杂增益光纤、窄带光纤光栅之间通过研磨抛光各自端面进行对接耦合，或者直接熔接方式进行连接。
进一步的，所述的激光谐振腔由宽带光纤光栅、高掺杂增益光纤、窄带光纤光栅构成，为了实现精确的温度控制，将谐振腔放置与固定于一个高精度自动温度控制的温控装置中。
本发明与现有技术相比较，具有以下几个主要的优点：采用极短长度的高掺杂增益光纤作为激光增益介质，由较短栅区长度、较高反射率的窄带光纤光栅和宽带光纤光栅组成谐振腔的前后腔镜，并优化与提高窄带光纤光栅的反射率进一步降低光栅的有效长度，可以将整个谐振腔的有效腔长控制在亚厘米至毫米量级。本发明基于上述技术优势，结构更加紧凑、设计简单可行、可靠性好，可以在较宽的单纵模温度区间内实现单频光纤激光输出。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器原理示意图。
图中：1—宽带光纤光栅，2—窄带光纤光栅，3—高掺杂增益光纤，4—波分复用器，5—单模半导体泵浦激光器，6—光隔离器，7—光纤光栅封装用玻璃管材料，8—高掺杂增益光纤封装用玻璃管材料，9—谐振腔温控装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图通过具体的实施例子对本发明做进一步详细说明，但不仅限于该实施方式，以便于更清楚地理解本发明。
如图1所示，一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，包括宽带光纤光栅1，窄带光纤光栅2，高掺杂增益光纤3，波分复用器4，单模半导体泵浦激光器5，光隔离器6，宽带和窄带光纤光栅封装用玻璃管材料7，高掺杂增益光纤封装用玻璃管材料8，谐振腔温控装置9。各部件之间的结构关系为：单模半导体泵浦激光器5与波分复用器4的泵浦端相连，波分复用器4的公共端与窄带光纤光栅2的一端连接，窄带光纤光栅2的另一端经高掺杂增益光纤3和宽带光纤光栅1的一端连接，谐振腔产生的激光通过波分复用器4的信号端进入光隔离器6，并最终从光隔离器6的输出端输出。整个谐振腔封装于铝块中，用热电制冷器（TEC）和精度为0.1℃的温控仪对谐振腔进行温度控制。本例中的窄带光纤光栅2中心反射波长为激光输出波长1064.16nm，3dB反射谱宽为0.05nm，中心反射率为65%，对泵浦光波长980nm的透射率大于95%，栅区长度为8mm。宽带光纤光栅1对1064.16nm的反射率大于95%，3dB带宽为0.15nm，栅区长度为5mm。宽带光纤光栅1和窄带光纤光栅2组成一个具有纵模选择及滤波作用的功能模块。本例中使用的高掺杂增益光纤为掺镱（Yb3+）磷酸盐玻璃光纤，其使用长度为4mm，整个谐振腔的有效腔长小于1cm。所述的光纤光栅封装用玻璃管材料的热膨胀系数比高掺杂增益光纤封装用玻璃管材料热膨胀系数低，以分别满足不同材质之间的封装匹配。
宽带光纤光栅1、高掺杂增益光纤3和窄带光纤光栅2分别用紫外固化胶封装于不同材质的玻璃管中，并通过对接的方式连接。其中宽带光纤光栅1和窄带光纤光栅2的封装玻璃管是石英材料，高掺杂增益光纤3的封装玻璃管是高硼硅材料。
本例中窄带光纤光栅2的栅区长度为8mm，反射率65%，高掺杂增益光纤长度为4mm，宽带光纤光栅1的栅区长度为5mm，反射率99.9%，经过计算整个谐振腔的有效腔长小于1cm。本例中通过使用TEC对谐振腔进行精确温度控制，最后实验中测得该激光谐振腔的单纵模工作温度区间约为17.5℃，极大的提高了短直腔结构单频光纤激光器的单纵模温度区间。

Claims (8)

1.一种宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于包括宽带光纤光栅（1）、窄带光纤光栅（2）、高掺杂增益光纤（3）、波分复用器（4）、单模半导体泵浦激光器（5）、光隔离器（6）、光纤光栅封装用玻璃管材料（7）、高掺杂增益光纤封装用玻璃管材料（8）和谐振腔温控装置（9）；单模半导体泵浦激光器（5）与波分复用器（4）的泵浦端相连，波分复用器（4）的公共端与窄带光纤光栅（2）的一端连接，窄带光纤光栅（2）的另一端经高掺杂增益光纤（3）和宽带光纤光栅（1）的一端连接，谐振腔产生的激光通过波分复用器（4）的信号端进入光隔离器（6），并最终从光隔离器（6）的输出端输出；宽带光纤光栅（1）和窄带光纤光栅（2）用同光纤光栅封装用玻璃管材料（7）封装，高掺杂增益光纤（3）则用高掺杂增益光纤封装用玻璃管材料（8）封装；由宽带光纤光栅、高掺杂增益光纤、窄带光纤光栅所组成的谐振腔固定在谐振腔温控装置（9）里面，用于对谐振腔进行精确的温度控制。
2.如权利要求1所述的宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述的宽带光纤光栅（1）、高掺杂增益光纤（3）和窄带光纤光栅（2）之间是通过对接耦合，或者熔接方式进行连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述高掺杂增益光纤（3）的单位长度增益系数大于1dB/cm，增益光纤使用长度为1~50mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述的宽带光纤光栅（1）和窄带光纤光栅（2）两者的栅区长度为1~50mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述的宽带光纤光栅（1）的3dB反射谱宽大于0.15nm，对泵浦光波长透射率大于80%，对激光信号光波长反射率大于80%。
6.如权利要求1所述的宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述的窄带光纤光栅（2）对激光信号光波长部分透射即选择性反射，其中心波长处的反射率为20%~90%，其3dB反射谱宽小于0.15nm。
7.如权利要求1所述的宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述高掺杂增益光纤（3）均匀掺杂高浓度的Er3+、Yb3+、Tm3+、Ho3+、Nd3+、Pr3+、Eu3+稀土离子，或Bi、Te激活离子，掺杂质量分数大于0.5wt.%。
8.如权利要求1所述的宽单纵模温度区间的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述谐振腔温控装置（9）采用热电制冷器实现。
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