CN107942935B - A method of based on the anti-push broach site tolerance of machining tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance - Google Patents
A method of based on the anti-push broach site tolerance of machining tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance Download PDFInfo
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- CN107942935B CN107942935B CN201711164498.5A CN201711164498A CN107942935B CN 107942935 B CN107942935 B CN 107942935B CN 201711164498 A CN201711164498 A CN 201711164498A CN 107942935 B CN107942935 B CN 107942935B
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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- G05B2219/35408—Calculate new position data from actual data to compensate for contour error
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Milling Process fields, and disclose a kind of method based on machining tolerance anti-push broach site tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance.This method includes the following steps: that (a) presets tool radius, cutter radius of corner and cutter path machining tolerance；(b) relation equation of cutter-contact point, cutter location and cutter shaft unit vector is established；(c) assume cutter top rake be fixed as 30 °, mismachining tolerance by cutter along cutter-contact point direction of normal deviate generate, establish the relational expression between mismachining tolerance and cutter location error, generating tool axis vector error；(d) cutter location tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance are solved.The present invention calculates cutter location and the reasonable tolerance of generating tool axis vector according to known machining tolerance automatically；Realize the precision controlling via five track shafts, the machining accuracy of strict guarantee part.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Milling Process field, more particularly, to one kind based on the anti-push broach site tolerance of machining tolerance and
The method of generating tool axis vector tolerance.
Background technique
Because of special construction and requirement, traditional three axis numerically controlled machine is no longer satisfied its processing and wants complex free curved surface
It asks.Complex free curved surface is complex-shaped, usually to required precision height, if processed using three-shaft linkage mode, it is possible to produce
It crosses and cuts or owe to cut, and be unable to complete processing.
Five-axis robot rational technology, it is high-efficient, it is the important means for realizing the processing of complex free curved surface part.Compared to three
Axis processing, five-axis robot increase two rotary shafts, and cutter is adjustable at any time in process relative to the pose of workpiece,
So that cutter is kept optimal cutting state, is effectively prevented from machining interference.Five axis cutter paths be influence five-axis robot efficiency and
An important factor for quality, directly affects cutter life and lathe loss.
Cutter path needs the density of strict control GOTO point in calculating.When calculating three axis cutter tracks, GOTO point indicates small
Line segment by CAM software according to machining tolerance by the discrete acquisition of primitive curve, the density of GOTO point is determined by machining tolerance, and five axis
Cutter track calculates GOTO dot density and is determined by cutter location and the tolerance of cutter shaft track.
Five axis cutter paths are usually indicated with small line segment, and the cutter path that small line segment indicates is difficult to meet numerical control processing height
The high-precision demand of speed.The small line segment that the cutter path that small line segment indicates has the disadvantage in that (1) generates is huge, volume of transmitted data
Greatly；(2) velocity and acceleration is unsmooth when processing, and easily causes machine vibration, reduces part processing precision and surface quality；
(3) tool-path smoothing is poor, and parts profile machining accuracy and surface quality are poor.In actual processing, it will usually use continuity
The cutter path that better parameter curve indicates small line segment is fitted.
In cutter path fitting, the fitting precision of strict control track is needed.Five axis cutter paths are by cutter location and cutter shaft
Vector indicates jointly；In track fitting, given cutter location tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance are needed, the fitting precision of track is controlled.
When mismachining tolerance is less than tolerance, the machining accuracy of part just can guarantee.Mismachining tolerance is smaller, the reality after part processing
Matching degree between border geometric parameter and ideal geometric parameter is higher, and machining accuracy is also higher.In general, it only processes
When error is less than machining tolerance, the machining accuracy of part just can guarantee.
During five axis cutter paths are calculated and are fitted, user is only given machining tolerance, and since generating tool axis vector changes, numerical control is compiled
Cheng personnel can not directly determine cutter location tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance by machining tolerance, can rule of thumb provide cutter location public affairs
Difference and generating tool axis vector tolerance, cause the cutter path GOT0 dot density calculated excessively high and the machining accuracy of part can not be protected strictly
Card.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind to be based on the anti-push broach position of machining tolerance
The method of point tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance, by establishing cutter-contact point, the governing equation of cutter location and generating tool axis vector, and builds
Stand two assumed conditions, its object is to solve cutter location tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance, thus solve cutter location tolerance and
The uncertain technical problem of generating tool axis vector tolerance.
To achieve the above object, it is proposed, according to the invention, provide a kind of based on the anti-push broach site tolerance of machining tolerance and cutter shaft
The method of vector tolerance, which is characterized in that this method includes the following steps:
(a) the radius R, the cutter radius of corner r and cutter path machining tolerance σ of cutter are preset；
(b) cutter path process is being generated, there are cutter-contact point Cc, cutter-contact point per unit system arrowCutter shaft unit vectorWith
Cutter location CLThe vector polygon of composition constructs governing equation by the vector polygon
(c) building first is assumed and the second assumed condition, wherein first assumes to assume that mismachining tolerance δ by cutter along knife
Unit direction of normal offset in contact generates, and second assumes to assume that cutter top rake during the generation cutter path is fixed
And be 30 °, the governing equation is calculated by first and second assumed conditionThus to obtain processing
Relational expression δ (ε, θ) between error delta and cutter location error ε, generating tool axis vector error theta；
(d) cutter location error ε and generating tool axis vector error theta are solved according to the relational expression δ (ε, θ) obtained in step (c) respectively
Value range, in addition, mismachining tolerance need to be less than machining tolerance, in order to guarantee machining accuracy thus to obtain required cutter location
Tolerance ξ and generating tool axis vector tolerance
It is further preferred that assuming that obtaining the cutter-contact point per unit system swears by described first in step (c)Respectively with
dCcAnd dCLAngle be 0 °, thus to obtain following relationship (one), (two), (three) and (four), wherein dCcIt is the micro- of cutter-contact point
Point, dCLIt is the differential of cutter location, ε is cutter location error, and θ is generating tool axis vector error,
It is further preferred that top rake fixes and is 30 ° in second hypothesis, correspondingly,WithAngle be
30 °, thus to obtain following relationship (five) (six) and (seven),
It is further preferred that in step (b), the equationIt is preferred that according to following expression formula into
Row,
It is further preferred that the mismachining tolerance and cutter location error ε, generating tool axis vector error theta meet in step (c)
Following relationship,
Wherein, For perpendicular toWithUnit vector,ByAroundRotation generates,
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect:
1, assume in the present invention by using first and second it is assumed that be converted into general equation for indeterminate equation, benefit
With solution；
2, the present invention solves in the fitting of five axis cutter paths, cutter location tolerance and the uncertain problem of generating tool axis vector tolerance,
Automatically cutter location and the reasonable tolerance of generating tool axis vector are calculated, realizes the precision controlling via five track shafts, strict guarantee part
Machining accuracy；
3, calculation method of the present invention is simple, operability and practical, applied widely, is suitable for ball head knife, annular
Knife and flat-bottomed cutter, application scenarios include the calculating and fitting of five axis cutter paths.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to be sweared constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention based on the anti-push broach site tolerance of machining tolerance and cutter shaft
Measure the method flow diagram of tolerance；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that endless knife constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention generates cutter path；
Fig. 3 is mismachining tolerance constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, cutter location error and generating tool axis vector error
Relation schematic diagram；
It is several with cutter shaft tolerance relation that Fig. 4 is cutter shaft unit vector differential constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention
What schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is to be sweared constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention based on the anti-push broach site tolerance of machining tolerance and cutter shaft
The method flow diagram for measuring tolerance, as shown in Figure 1, being based on the anti-push broach site tolerance of machining tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance in figure
The concrete operation step of method:
(a) the radius R, the cutter radius of corner r and cutter path machining tolerance σ of cutter are preset；
(b) cutter path process is being generated, there are cutter-contact point Cc, cutter-contact point per unit system arrowCutter shaft unit vectorWith
Cutter location CLThe vector polygon of composition constructs governing equation by the vector polygon
By:
(c) building first is assumed and the second assumed condition, wherein first assumes to assume that the processing in actual processing misses
Poor δ is deviated along cutter-contact point direction of normal by cutter and is generated, the offset of cutter-contact point and cutter location, can along any direction, and zero
The mismachining tolerance of part is mainly deviated along cutter-contact point direction of normal by cutter and is generated.
Second assumes to assume that cutter top rake during the generation cutter path fixes and is 30 °, it is assumed that CAM is soft
Top rake is fixed when the cutter path that part generates, in order to guarantee that the track being fitted according to cutter location tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance is full
Sufficient machining accuracy need to guarantee that in process practical top rake is much smaller than given top rake.
The governing equation is calculated by first and second assumed conditionThus to obtain processing
Relational expression δ (ε, θ) between error delta and cutter location error ε, generating tool axis vector error theta；
To equation:Both sides carry out differential, then
It uses on both sidesPoint multiplier, thenEquation (2) indicates are as follows:
First assumes: assuming that mismachining tolerance δ, which is generated by cutter along the offset of cutter-contact point unit direction of normal, then has such as ShiShimonoseki
System:
Equation (3) indicates are as follows:
Equation (4) abbreviation are as follows:
Cause are as follows:
Equation (5) abbreviation are as follows:
The strategy of fixed top rake is taken to be processed, then
Equation (6) abbreviation are as follows:
By cutter shaft unit vector differential and cutter shaft tolerance relationFor perpendicular toWithUnit
Vector,ByAroundRotation generates, as shown in figure 4, formula (7) further abbreviation are as follows:
It enables:Then:
The further abbreviation of equation are as follows:
Second assumes: cutter top rake is fixed as 30 °:
(d) using by the governing equation (9) and machining tolerance σ in step (c), obtain required cutter location tolerance ξ with
Generating tool axis vector tolerance
According to formula (9) and machining tolerance σ, the value range of cutter location error ε and generating tool axis vector error theta is found out:
δmaxIt is the maximum value of mismachining tolerance, in actual processing, when only mismachining tolerance is less than machining tolerance, Cai Nengbao
The machining accuracy of part is demonstrate,proved, for the present invention by guaranteeing that cutter location error is less than cutter location tolerance, generating tool axis vector error is less than cutter shaft
Vector tolerance acquires cutter location tolerance ξ and generating tool axis vector tolerance to guarantee that mismachining tolerance is less than machining toleranceIt is respectively as follows:
Wherein, ball head knife is indicated when r=R, when r=0 indicates flat-bottomed cutter.
(e) input that cutter location tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance are calculated and are fitted as five axis cutter paths.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method based on machining tolerance anti-push broach site tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance, which is characterized in that this method packet
Include the following steps:
(a) the radius R, the cutter radius of corner r and cutter path machining tolerance σ of cutter are preset；
(b) cutter path process is being generated, there are cutter-contact point Cc, cutter-contact point per unit system arrowCutter shaft unit vectorAnd cutter location
CLThe vector polygon of composition constructs governing equation by the vector polygon
(c) building first is assumed and the second assumed condition, wherein first assumes to assume that mismachining tolerance δ by cutter along cutter-contact point
The offset of unit direction of normal generates, and second assumes to assume that cutter top rake during the generation cutter path fixes and is
30 °, the governing equation is calculated by first and second assumed conditionThus to obtain mismachining tolerance
Relational expression δ (ε, θ) between δ and cutter location error ε, generating tool axis vector error theta,
Wherein, For perpendicular toWithUnit vector,ByAroundRotation generates,
(d) taking for cutter location error ε and generating tool axis vector error theta is solved according to the relational expression δ (ε, θ) obtained in step (c) respectively
It is worth range, in addition, mismachining tolerance need to be less than machining tolerance, in order to guarantee machining accuracy thus to obtain required cutter location tolerance ξ
With generating tool axis vector tolerance
2. a kind of method based on machining tolerance anti-push broach site tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, in step (c), assumes that obtaining the cutter-contact point per unit system swears by described firstRespectively with dCcAnd dCLFolder
Angle is 0 °, thus to obtain following relationship (one), (two), (three) and (four), wherein dCcIt is the differential of cutter-contact point, dCLIt is knife position
The differential of point, ε is cutter location error, and θ is generating tool axis vector error,
3. a kind of method based on machining tolerance anti-push broach site tolerance and generating tool axis vector tolerance as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, top rake fixes and is 30 ° in second hypothesis, correspondingly,WithAngle be 30 °, thus to obtain
Following relationship (five) (six) and (seven),
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| CN113885435B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-11-28 | 华中科技大学 | Laser-assisted curved surface processing method and device combining laser adjustment and path compensation |
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