CN107941899A - A kind of wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation and method of detection - Google Patents
A kind of wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation and method of detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of wire-rope flaw detector and method of detection, wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation, including the excitation part being separately set and magnetic leakage signal detection part;Excitation division is divided to the both ends for including two Energizing units, being respectively used to be arranged on steel wire rope to be measured;Magnetic leakage signal detection part is equipped with the sense channel for being used for supplying steel wire penetrating to be measured and moved along steel wire rope, and the magnetic induction sensor of the first setting quantity is provided with sense channel.Technical solution provided by the present invention, excitation part and magnetic leakage signal detection part are separately set, when needing to detect steel wire rope, the Energizing unit of two excitation part quilts is separately positioned on to the both ends of steel wire rope to be measured, Energizing unit need not be moved, mobile magnetic leakage signal detection part is only needed to be detected to steel wire rope, so that solve wire-rope flaw detector causes inconvenient problem with use since quality is big.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wire rope flaw detection technical field, and in particular to a kind of wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation and spy
Hinder method.
Background technology
Industrial production, tourist industry, coal mining, shipbuilding industry and daily refitting hang generally use steel wire rope as traction,
Load-bearing and connecting component.The length of steel rope time, big load use was also easy to produce fracture of wire, loose wire, abrasive damage, in the presence of a harsh environment
Use can cause steel wire rope corrosion footpath contracting, bearing capacity decline, easily occur security incident so as to injure personal safety and
Equipment safety.Therefore the prediction of damage of steel cable situation is monitored in real time realizes that steel wire rope quick nondestructive test technique automatic has
Important social and economic benefit.
At present, damage of steel cable detection technique field is applied more, most commonly electromagnetic detection method.Steel based on electromagnetism
Cord Non-Destructive Testing to be roughly divided into two kinds of two classes, i.e. coil magnetizing and permanent magnet excitation magnetization from magnetization angle.Using line
Circle magnetization detection device is two saddle coils usually by coil winding, is produced by size of current in regulating winding different
Magnetic field intensity.Steel wire rope surface leakage field is acquired with main flux method or fluxgate at the same time, can realize that surface is damaged substantially
The position of wound and the quantitative detection of degree of impairment.But the method is since by the way of Circumferential field adduction, acquisition is one-dimensional
Signal, its Circumferential field distribution signal necessarily lack, and have larger shadow particularly with the detection identification of central hot water supply system and scattered defect
Ring.
Detection device using permanent magnet as driving source uses a large amount of magnet mostly, is fabricated to the shape of a saddle, then with magnetic conduction
Body carries out poly- magnetic and steel wire rope is magnetized to saturation, and when steel wire rope damages, injury region will produce stray field, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show.During this test method test, test device needs to move back and forth along steel wire rope to be measured, but test device used is led to
Often include the detection device as the permanent magnet of driving source and for detecting magnetic leakage signal, since the quality of permanent magnet is bigger,
So that excitation unit is heavy, it is inconvenient to use.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides wire-rope flaw detector and the method for detection of a kind of weak magnetic excitation, for solving wire rope flaw detection dress
Put and cause inconvenient problem with use since quality is big.
To achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the invention is:
Device scheme 1:A kind of wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation, including the excitation part being separately set and leakage field letter
Number detection part;
Excitation division is divided to the both ends for including two Energizing units, being respectively used to be arranged on steel wire rope to be measured;Magnetic leakage signal detects
Part is equipped with the sense channel for being used for supplying steel wire penetrating to be measured and moved along steel wire rope, and the first setting is provided with sense channel
The magnetic induction sensor of quantity.
Technical solution provided by the present invention, excitation part and magnetic leakage signal detection part are separately set, when needs pair
When steel wire rope is detected, the Energizing unit of two excitation part quilts is separately positioned on to the both ends of steel wire rope to be measured, it is not necessary to
Mobile Energizing unit, it is only necessary to which mobile magnetic leakage signal detection part can be detected steel wire rope, so as to solve steel wire rope spy
Hinder device and cause inconvenient problem with use since quality is big.
Device scheme 2:On the basis of device scheme 1, main control module is further included, main control module connects the leakage field
The output terminal of each magnetic induction sensor in signal detection part.
Main control module is set, the data detected can be handled in time, obtain testing result.
Device scheme 3:On the basis of device scheme 1 or 2, each Energizing unit includes the magnetism member of the second setting quantity
Part, wherein the direction of each magnetic element N poles is identical in the first magnetic cell or is directed to same point, each magnetic in the second Energizing unit
The direction of property element S poles is identical or is directed to same point.
Device scheme 4:On the basis of device scheme 3, the magnetic element in each Energizing unit for permanent magnet or is encouraged
Magnetic coil.
Device scheme 5:On the basis of device scheme 1 or 2, detection ring, each magnetic induction are provided with the sense channel
Sensor is circumferentially disposed along the axis of sense channel on detection ring.
Device scheme 6:On the basis of device scheme 2, Signal-regulated kinase is further included, Signal-regulated kinase includes difference
Signal amplification circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit, the input terminal of circuit for amplifying differential signal connect the output of each magnetic induction sensor
End, the input terminal of the output terminal connection analog to digital conversion circuit of circuit for amplifying differential signal;The main control module connection modulus turns
Change the output terminal of circuit.
Device scheme 7:On the basis of device scheme 6, the Signal-regulated kinase further includes addition baseline lifting circuit,
The output terminal of the input terminal connection analog-digital conversion circuit as described of addition baseline lifting circuit, the output terminal of addition baseline lifting circuit
Connect the main control module.
Device scheme 8:On the basis of device scheme 2, pulse generating module is further included, pulse generating module includes photoelectricity
Encoder and photoelectric encoder detection circuit, photoelectric encoder are used to send pulse signal;Photoelectric encoder detection circuit it is defeated
Enter the output terminal that end connects the photoelectric encoder, the output terminal of the main control module connection photoelectric coding detection circuit.
Device scheme 9:On the basis of device scheme 8, the photoelectric encoder detection circuit include photoelectrical coupler and
Signal transformation circuit, the input terminal connection photoelectric encoder of photoelectrical coupler, output terminal connection signal transformation circuit;The master control
Molding block connects the output terminal of signal transformation circuit, shaping circuit be used for the pulse signal rising edge that is sent to photoelectric encoder and
Trailing edge shaping.
Photoelectrical coupler and shaping circuit are set, the rising edge of pulse and trailing edge can be made to become precipitous, pulse signals
There is shaping.So as to the pulse signal for the digital signal interference that is eliminated.
Device scheme 10:On the basis of device scheme 2, the main control module is also associated with display module.
Device scheme 11:On the basis of device scheme 2, the processor includes ARM chips and fpga chip, ARM cores
Piece connects each magnetic induction sensor in the magnetic leakage signal detection part.
Device scheme 12:On the basis of device scheme 2 or 11, the main control module is also associated with data storage mould
Block.
Method scheme:A kind of wire rope flaw detection method of weak magnetic excitation, includes the following steps:
(1) the N poles of magnetic element in the first Energizing unit are arranged on to wherein one end of steel wire rope to be measured, the second excitation list
The S poles of magnetic element are arranged on the other end of steel wire rope to be measured in member;
(2) magnetic field detection is carried out to the surface of steel wire rope to be measured using magnetic leakage signal detection part, obtains steel wire rope to be measured
The magnetic field data on surface;
(3) to the magnetic field data on steel wire rope surface to be measured remove Baseline Survey and noise reduction process, and by the number after processing
According to the magnetic field gray level image for being converted into steel wire rope surface to be measured;
(4) super-resolution rebuilding is carried out to the magnetic field gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured, improves its resolution ratio;
(5) extract the characteristic quantity of the magnetic field gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured, and be inputted artificial neural network into
Row quantitative judge, judges whether steel wire rope to be measured breakpoint occurs.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of damage of steel cable detection in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram that weak magnetic encourages wire-rope flaw detector in embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the distribution map of magnet in Energizing unit in embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of magnetic leakage signal detection module in embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the structural circuit figure of signal condition part in embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of pulse signal detection circuit in embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of main control module in embodiment;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram being detected in embodiment using weak magnetic excitation wire-rope flaw detector;
Fig. 9 is the overhaul flow chart that weak magnetic encourages wire-rope flaw detector in embodiment.
Embodiment
The present invention provides wire-rope flaw detector and the method for detection of a kind of weak magnetic excitation, for solving wire rope flaw detection dress
Put and cause inconvenient problem with use since quality is big.
To achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the invention is:
A kind of wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation, including the excitation part being separately set and magnetic leakage signal test section
Point;
Excitation division is divided to the both ends for including two Energizing units, being respectively used to be arranged on steel wire rope to be measured;Magnetic leakage signal detects
Part is equipped with the sense channel for being used for supplying steel wire penetrating to be measured and moved along steel wire rope, and the first setting is provided with sense channel
The magnetic induction sensor of quantity.
Technical scheme is described further with reference to specific embodiment.
The present embodiment provides a kind of wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation, for solving in wire rope flaw detection due to visiting
It is excessive and cause inconvenient problem with use to hinder device quality.
The wire-rope flaw detector for the weak magnetic excitation that the present embodiment is provided, its structural principle is as shown in Fig. 2, including master control
Part 107 processed, magnetic leakage signal detection part 102, signal condition part 103, pulse signal occurs and detection part 105, data
Store part 104, display portion 106 and excitation part 101.
Excitation part 101 includes two Energizing units, and n magnetic element, the present embodiment are equipped with each Energizing unit
In magnetic element be permanent magnet.As shown in a in Fig. 3, each permanent magnet is set the structure of each Energizing unit in first Energizing unit
Ring-type is set to, the cricoid center of circle is directed toward in the N poles of each permanent magnet;B in second Energizing unit in the structure of each Energizing unit such as Fig. 3
Shown, each permanent magnet is set circlewise, and the cricoid center of circle is directed toward in the S poles of each permanent magnet.
Magnetic leakage signal detection module 102 includes a sense channel 1021, detection ring 1022 is provided with sense channel, such as
Shown in Fig. 4, detection ring 1022 includes 18 giant magneto-resistance sensors, and each giant magneto-resistance sensor is at detection ring around sense channel 1021
Axis be circumferentially uniformly arranged.
Signal condition part 103 as shown in figure 5, including analog to digital conversion circuit 201, circuit for amplifying differential signal 202 and add
Method baseline lifting circuit 203.It is corresponding in the input terminal connection magnetic leakage signal detection module 102 of circuit for amplifying differential signal 202
Giant magneto-resistance sensor, output terminal connect the input terminal of analog to digital conversion circuit 201;201 output terminal of analog to digital conversion circuit connects addition
The input terminal of baseline lifting circuit 203, output terminal connection main control unit 107.
Pulse signal occurs and detection part 105 includes grating encoder and pulse signal detection circuit, grating encoder
Output terminal connection pulse signal detection circuit input terminal, main control unit 107 connect pulse signal detection circuit output
End.Pulse signal detection circuit is as shown in fig. 6, including photoelectrical coupler, the primary side connection pulse letter of photoelectrical coupler
The input terminal of number detection circuit, secondary side connect a RC low-pass filter and two series connection 74HC14M chips form it is whole
Shape circuit.
The structure of main control unit 107 is as shown in fig. 7, comprises ARM chips and fpga chip two parts, between the two mutually
Connection, wherein ARM chips connection signal condition part 103, pulse signal occurs and detection part 105 and data storage cell
104, fpga chip connection display module 106.
The wire-rope flaw detector for the weak magnetic excitation that the present embodiment is provided, the method for carrying out flaw detection is carried out such as to steel wire rope
Under:
Test environment is built first;As shown in figure 8, the first Energizing unit and the second Energizing unit by Energizing unit 101
The both ends of steel wire rope to be measured are separately positioned on, one end of steel wire rope is in what each permanent magnet N poles in the first Energizing unit were directed toward
The center of circle, the other end are in the center of circle that each permanent magnet S poles are directed toward in the second Energizing unit, to tested steel wire rope loading weak magnetic excitation magnetic
, tested steel wire rope is magnetized under the action of weak magnetic magnetic field;The quantity n of permanent magnet is according to steel wire to be measured in each Energizing unit
The length of rope determines that steel wire rope to be measured is longer, and the permanent magnet set in each Energizing unit is more;
Make the sense channel 1021 of steel wire penetrating magnetic leakage signal detection module 102 to be measured, make magnetic leakage signal detection module
Each giant magneto-resistance sensor in 102 is evenly distributed on the circumferential direction of steel wire rope to be measured;Magnetic leakage signal detection module 102 is controlled along steel wire
The direction movement of rope extension, and photoelectric encoder is rotated at the same time, photoelectric encoder is produced quantity and magnetic leakage signal detection module
102 along steel wire rope extending direction the corresponding pulse signal of displacement distance;
Giant magneto-resistance sensor detection in magnetic leakage signal detection module 102 gates in turn, gathers steel wire rope circumferential direction to be measured
Magnetic field signal, and it is sent to differential signal amplifier section 202;Differential signal amplifier section 202 dock received magnetic field signal into
Row enhanced processing, is then transferred to analog to digital conversion circuit 201;Analog to digital conversion circuit 201 believes the amplified magnetic field received
Number it is converted into digital signal, and the fpga chip that circuit is sent in main control module 107, FPGA cores is lifted by addition baseline
Piece docks received digital signal and is handled, and the flow of processing method is as shown in figure 9, step is as follows:
(1) the magnetic field signal data on steel wire rope surface to be measured are carried out removing Baseline Survey and noise reduction process, and by after processing
Data be converted into the magnetic field gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured;
Noise reduction process is carried out in the magnetic field signal data to steel wire rope surface to be measured, using based on the small of empirical modal extension set
Ripple soft-threshold denoising algorithm, it is specific as follows:
Step 1:Mirror symmetry boundary extension is carried out to the magnetic field signal data on steel wire rope surface to be measured, after being handled
SignalInitialization
Wherein ciIt is final obtained by empirical mode decomposition to obtain natural mode of vibration mode function;
Step 2:Using formula
Y (t) be addition noise after semaphore, i.e., function to be decomposed;
To remaining rnAdd Gaussian sequence w (t);
Step 3:Using formula
Y (t) is decomposed, is met the c of natural mode of vibration component requirementijWith residual volume rn:
Step 4:K step 2 and step 3 are repeated, has obtained meeting natural mode of vibration component requirement under each different white noises
Component set cij(i≤n, j≤k), takes ensemble average as final natural mode of vibration component
Step 5:Judge whether that satisfaction exits decomposition condition, if it is satisfied, then exiting decomposition;Otherwise use db5 small echos will
Each natural mode of vibration component resolves into 6 layers;
Step 6:For the natural mode of vibration component from the 1st layer to the 6th layer, a threshold value is selected per layer choosing, and to high frequency coefficient
Handled with soft-threshold;
Step 7:Modified high frequency coefficient according to the 6th layer of low frequency coefficient and from 1 layer to the 6th layer, calculates letter
Number wavelet reconstruction.
By the magnetic field signal data normalization on the steel wire rope surface to be measured after denoising between 0-255, and carry out two-dimentional exhibition
Open, you can obtain the gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured.
Local adaptation's interpolation and field interpolation are carried out to the gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured, after obtaining two width differences
High resolution gray image, and two-dimensional discrete wavelet conversion is carried out to two width gray level images after interpolation, take local adaptation's interpolation
The low frequency part of the gray level image that the high frequency section and neighbor interpolation algorithm for the gray level image that algorithm obtains obtain carry out two dimension from
Wavelet inverse transformation is dissipated, reconstructs high-resolution gray level image.
The specific implementation step of local adaptation's interpolation algorithm is:
If the resolution ratio of former gray level image is M*N, the resolution ratio of gray level image is 2M*2N after amplification, then correspondence is:
E (I (i, j))=Z (2i-1,2j-1)
Wherein i, j=1,2 ..., n;
The initial gray value of interpolation point is set to -1.Amplified image has three kinds of situations.
For i in enlarged drawing, j is the point of odd number, its gray value be the point in original image gray value I (i,
j);
For i in enlarged drawing, j is the pixel of even number, considers neighborhood 2*2 windows, which belongs to according to non-assignment point
A edge gradient, obtains the gray value of the point;
It is even number for i in enlarged drawing, j is the pixel of odd number, considers neighborhood 3*2 windows, calculates image 4 sides
Upward correlation and interpolation obtains the gray scale of interpolation point on maximal correlation direction;
It is odd number for i in enlarged drawing, j is the pixel of even number, considers neighborhood 2*3 windows, calculates image 4 sides
To correlation and interpolation obtains the gray scale of interpolation point on maximal correlation direction.
Characteristic quantity is extracted in gray level image after resolution ratio is improved, and these characteristic quantities are input to artificial neural network
Judge whether steel wire rope to be measured breakpoint occurs.
The characteristic quantity that extracts in the above-mentioned gray level image after resolution ratio is improved, including the equivalent area of defect, slenderness ratio,
Circularity and the invariant moment features amount of seven ranks, describe as defect geometry shape feature, altogether to defect ash image in the present embodiment
Extract 10 defect image feature vectors.
Artificial neural network in the present embodiment uses three layers of BP neural network, and three layers of BP neural network, which can approach, appoints
Anticipate nonlinear model, can effectively to steel wire rope the defects of carry out quantitative judge.
When magnetic leakage signal detection module 102 is moved along the direction that steel wire rope to be measured extends, photoelectric encoder produces arteries and veins
Signal is rushed, the RC low-pass filters that pulse signal passes through in pulse signal detection circuit filter out high fdrequency component therein, and pass through
The schmidt door circuit that two 47HC14M are formed, makes the rising edge of pulse and trailing edge become precipitous, pulse signals have shaping
Effect so that be eliminated digital signal interference pulse signal.
ARM chips in main control module 107 are according to residing for the pulse signal received judges magnetic leakage signal detection module
Position on steel wire rope to be measured, and the data detected according to magnetic leakage signal detection module 102, judge on steel wire rope to be measured
The position that defect occurs.
Data memory module 104 is connected with ARM chips, ARM chips will be examined from Signal-regulated kinase and pulse signal
The data that receive of unit are surveyed to store into data memory module 104, user can at host computer real-time query.
Fpga chip connect display module 106, the result of detection is shown by display module 106, so as to
Family is checked.
In the present embodiment, magnetic element is using permanent magnet in excitation part 101;, can be with as other embodiment
Using electromagnetic coil.
As other embodiment, same direction is directed toward in the N poles that could be provided as each magnet in the first Energizing unit, and second
Same direction is directed toward in the S poles of each magnet in Energizing unit.
, can be with if only detecting steel wire rope with the presence or absence of defect without to defect location as other embodiment
It is not provided with pulse generating module.
As other embodiment, main control module 107 can only set an ARM chip or fpga chip.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation, it is characterised in that believe including the excitation part being separately set and leakage field
Number detection part;
Excitation division is divided to the both ends for including two Energizing units, being respectively used to be arranged on steel wire rope to be measured;Magnetic leakage signal detection part
Equipped with the sense channel for supplying steel wire penetrating to be measured and being moved along steel wire rope, the first setting quantity is provided with sense channel
Magnetic induction sensor.
2. the wire-rope flaw detector of a kind of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include main control
Module, main control module connect the output terminal of each magnetic induction sensor in the magnetic leakage signal detection part.
A kind of 3. wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that each excitation list
Member includes the magnetic element of the second setting quantity, wherein the direction of each magnetic element N poles is identical or equal in the first magnetic cell
Same point is directed toward, the direction of each magnetic element S poles is identical in the second Energizing unit or is directed to same point.
A kind of 4. wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that each excitation list
Magnetic element in member is permanent magnet or magnet exciting coil.
A kind of 5. wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the detection
Detection ring is provided with passage, each magnetic induction sensor is circumferentially disposed along the axis of sense channel on detection ring.
6. the wire-rope flaw detector of a kind of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 2, it is characterised in that further include signal tune
Module is managed, Signal-regulated kinase includes circuit for amplifying differential signal and analog to digital conversion circuit, the input of circuit for amplifying differential signal
End connects the output terminal of each magnetic induction sensor, the input of the output terminal connection analog to digital conversion circuit of circuit for amplifying differential signal
End;The output terminal of the main control module connection analog to digital conversion circuit.
A kind of 7. wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the signal condition
Module further includes addition baseline lifting circuit, the output of the input terminal connection analog-digital conversion circuit as described of addition baseline lifting circuit
End, the output terminal of addition baseline lifting circuit connect the main control module.
8. the wire-rope flaw detector of a kind of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 2, it is characterised in that further include pulse hair
Raw module, pulse generating module include photoelectric encoder and photoelectric encoder detection circuit, and photoelectric encoder is used to send pulse
Signal;The input terminal of photoelectric encoder detection circuit connects the output terminal of the photoelectric encoder, the main control module connection
The output terminal of photoelectric coding detection circuit.
A kind of 9. wire-rope flaw detector of weak magnetic excitation according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the photoelectric coding
Device detection circuit includes photoelectrical coupler and signal transformation circuit, the input terminal connection photoelectric encoder of photoelectrical coupler, output
End connection signal transformation circuit;The output terminal of the main control module connection signal transformation circuit, shaping circuit are used for photoelectricity
The pulse signal rising edge and trailing edge shaping that encoder is sent.
A kind of 10. wire rope flaw detection method of weak magnetic excitation, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) the N poles of magnetic element in the first Energizing unit are arranged on to wherein one end of steel wire rope to be measured, in the second Energizing unit
The S poles of magnetic element are arranged on the other end of steel wire rope to be measured;
(2) magnetic field detection is carried out to the surface of steel wire rope to be measured using magnetic leakage signal detection part, obtains steel wire rope surface to be measured
Magnetic field data;
(3) magnetic field data on steel wire rope surface to be measured is carried out removing Baseline Survey and noise reduction process, and the data after processing is turned
Turn to the magnetic field gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured;
(4) super-resolution rebuilding is carried out to the magnetic field gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured, improves its resolution ratio;
(5) characteristic quantity of the magnetic field gray level image on steel wire rope surface to be measured is extracted, and is inputted artificial neural network and is determined
Amount identification, judges whether steel wire rope to be measured breakpoint occurs.
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109164165A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-08 | 河南科技大学 | Nondestructive test method of wire rope and its device based on image co-registration |
CN109682824A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 河南科技大学 | Nondestructive test method of wire rope and its device based on image co-registration |
JP2019194552A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Wire rope inspection device and method |
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