CN107941655A - The gel simulants formula and preparation method of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant - Google Patents

The gel simulants formula and preparation method of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107941655A
CN107941655A CN201711106407.2A CN201711106407A CN107941655A CN 107941655 A CN107941655 A CN 107941655A CN 201711106407 A CN201711106407 A CN 201711106407A CN 107941655 A CN107941655 A CN 107941655A
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gel
simulated solution
gelling agent
simulants
viscosity modifier
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CN107941655B (en
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杜宗罡
朱成财
吴金
窦双庆
李亮
单世群
李永斌
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Xian Aerospace Propulsion Testing Technique Institute
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Xian Aerospace Propulsion Testing Technique Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0052Preparation of gels
    • B01J13/0056Preparation of gels containing inorganic material and water
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0052Preparation of gels
    • B01J13/0065Preparation of gels containing an organic phase
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N2011/0006Calibrating, controlling or cleaning viscometers

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of gel simulants formula of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant and preparation method thereof, formula includes simulated solution matrix, gelling agent and viscosity modifier, simulated solution matrix is water, alcohol or water and the mixture of alcohol, and simulated solution substrate quality concentration range is 90~99%;Gelling agent is hydroaropic substance, select hydrophilic nano silica, Carmomer, agar, gelatin, cyclodextrine derivatives and nano HA/PVA it is composite porous in one kind, gelling agent mass concentration scope is 0.1~5%;Viscosity modifier is hydroaropic substance, selects one kind in hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and viscosity modifier mass concentration scope is 0.1~5%.Gel simulants are prepared by multistep complex technique under certain condition in simulated solution matrix, gelling agent and viscosity modifier.The present invention solves the problem of existing gel viscosity meter field calibration device research process, hydrazine gel propellant produces considerable influence to the safety and health of scientific research personnel.

Description

The gel simulants formula and preparation method of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of the gel simulants formula and gel simulants of a kind of rocket engine hydrazine gelling agent Method.
Background technology
Gel propellant has the advantages of liquid propellant and solid propellant concurrently, thus since nearly half a century both at home and abroad all Making great efforts to develop this new concept propulsion agent, and thus developing advanced colloid Push Technology (gel propulsion), i.e. " spirit Ingeniously " Push Technology (smart propulsion).The U.S. has successfully carried out ground experiment and the flight of colloid Push Technology Experiment.The gel propellant that China is applied to Space radiation at present is mainly hydrazine gel propellant, as DT-3 gels push away Into agent.There are the gel propellant of hydrazine -70, UDMH gel propellants etc. in research.
Gel propellant viscosity data is a very important parameter, and gel propellant is promoted different from conventional liq The factors such as agent, rheological behavior is stressed, environment temperature, vibration influence, while rheological behavior also significantly affects atomization Pattern, using standard viscosity liquid metrology and measurement research and data analysis, it is possible to achieve the field calibration of in-line viscometer, fills Divide systematic error caused by eliminating site environment change, improve in-line viscometer measurement accuracy, accurately, objectively reflect attitude control The performance indicator of engine, significantly improves the parameter measurement level of gel propellant, is provided for its flow behavior comprehensive, solid Performance data.Therefore one during accurate viscosity data is just developed as gel propellant under different temperatures experimental condition is obtained Important research content.
There are the problems such as toxicity big (high poison I~II grade) and inflammable and explosive, environmental pollution for hydrazine gel propellant.But , it is necessary to carry out viscosity school to a large amount of gel propellant media in the research of liquid-propellant rocket engine gel viscosity meter field calibration device Quasi- experiment, if will be to safe and environment-friendly and healthy generation considerable influence using existing hydrazine gel propellant.Therefore, develop and make With hydrazine gel propellant simulated solution, gel viscosity meter field calibration device is studied and application plays an important roll.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome existing gel viscosity meter field calibration device research process, hydrazine gel propellant is to scientific research personnel Safety and health the problem of producing considerable influence, the present invention provides a kind of gel mold of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant Intend formula of liquid and preparation method.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The gel simulants formula of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant of the present invention, it is characterized in that:
Including simulated solution matrix, gelling agent and viscosity modifier;
The simulated solution matrix for water, alcohol or water and alcohol mixture, simulated solution substrate quality concentration range for 90~ 99%;
The gelling agent is hydroaropic substance, selects hydrophilic nano silica, Carmomer, agar, gelatin, cyclodextrin One kind during derivative, nano HA/PVA are composite porous, gelling agent mass concentration scope are 0.1~5%;
The viscosity modifier is hydroaropic substance, selects one kind in hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, viscosity Conditioning agent mass concentration scope is 0.1~5%.
Further, in order to play the role of preferable viscosity-adjusting agent, the viscosity modifier is hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyl second The molecular weight of base cellulose is 10,000~400,000.
Meanwhile the present invention provides the gel simulants formula system using above-mentioned rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant The method of standby gel simulants, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) under room temperature, normal pressure, in gel simulants matrix being slowly added to gelling agent is disperseed, and is stirred when disperseing;
2) after gelling agent is disperseed completely, continue to stir certain time, make to produce between gelling agent and simulated solution substrate molecule Key key interacts, so as to erect network gel skeleton;
3) viscosity modifier is added, is disperseed while stirring, stirring certain time is further continued for after disperseing completely, simulates gel Liquid compound system state reaches stable, and gel skeleton is further firm, and viscosity reaches stable.
Further, gelling agent jitter time in simulated solution matrix is 0.5~2h, and viscosity modifier is in simulated solution matrix Middle jitter time is 0.5~2h, and three kinds of material recombination process mixings time are 5h, and gelling agent is real with simulated solution matrix recombination process Row constant speed stirs, and stir speed (S.S.) is 200~600r/min, and viscosity modifier is carried out constant speed with simulated solution matrix recombination process and stirred Mix, stir speed (S.S.) is 200~800r/min.
Matched somebody with somebody present invention also offers another using the gel simulants of above-mentioned rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant The method that side prepares gel simulants, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) under room temperature, normal pressure, in gel simulants matrix being slowly added to viscosity modifier is disperseed, and is stirred when disperseing Mix;
2) after viscosity modifier disperses completely, continue to stir certain time, make viscosity modifier and simulated solution substrate molecule Between produce the interaction of key key, so as to erect network gel skeleton;
3) gelling agent is added, is disperseed while stirring, stirring certain time is further continued for after disperseing completely, answers gel simulants Close system status and reach stable, gel skeleton is further firm, and viscosity reaches stable.
Further, gelling agent jitter time in simulated solution matrix is 0.5~2h, and viscosity modifier is in simulated solution matrix Middle jitter time is 0.5~2h, and three kinds of material recombination process mixings time are 5h, and gelling agent is real with simulated solution matrix recombination process Row constant speed stirs, and stir speed (S.S.) is 200~600r/min, and viscosity modifier is carried out constant speed with simulated solution matrix recombination process and stirred Mix, stir speed (S.S.) is 200~800r/min.
Compared with prior art, the present invention beneficial effect is:
1st, the present invention provides a kind of gel propellant simulation formula of liquid and preparation method thereof, according to the formula and preparation side Simulated solution prepared by method can substitute hydrazine gel propellant, can be securely and reliably live school is carried out to gel viscosity meter Standard, obtains transmission of quantity value, solves existing gel viscosity meter field calibration device research process hydrazine gel propellant to section The problem of grinding the safety and health generation considerable influence of personnel.
2nd, the present invention is the calibration of the viscosity measurement of novel universal gel engine and new attitude control power set engine Technology lays the foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 5;
Fig. 6 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 6;
Fig. 7 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 7;
Fig. 8 is the rheological curve figure of embodiment 8.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below.
First, simulated solution performance requirement
The gel simulants simulation of the present invention is Hydrazine propellant, and the performance requirement to gel simulants is:
1st, under room temperature, normal pressure, which is non-newtonian fluid, is less than shear pressure in the pressure of use environment When (i.e. yield stress), performance meets non-newtonian fluid rule;
2nd, range of viscosities is in 1000mPa.s~70000mPa.s;
3rd, physical property is stablized, in room temperature, normal pressure storage process, phenomena such as will not being layered, reunite, decomposing;
4th, good thermal stability, is respectively provided with good thermal adaptability, within this temperature range not at -50 DEG C~150 DEG C It can reunite and be layered.
2nd, it is formulated
A, simulated solution matrix
The simulation of simulated solution matrix is hydrazine compound, selects hydroaropic substance, such as deionized water, alcohols.
B, gelling agent is screened
When selecting gelling agent, the polarity of gelling agent should be considered first, can be effectively uniformly compound with simulated solution matrix; Its is secondary big specific surface area and high voidage, there is good dispersiveness and suspension and increasing in simulated solution matrix Thick, thixotroping, strengthening action;It is to avoid placing generation layering, decomposition for a long time with the compound rear homeostasis of simulated solution matrix again Phenomena such as.
Gelling agent can choose small molecule oxide, polymer substance, nanocomposite etc..Its polarity and simulated solution matrix Polarity is similar, and is not chemically reacted with simulated solution matrix, can play gelling.Such as:Modified manometer silicon dioxide, fibre Dimension element and its derivative, Carmomer, agar, gelatin, acrylic resin, starch derivatives, cyclodextrine derivatives, nano HA/PVA It is composite porous etc..
B. viscosity modifier screens
The screening of viscosity modifier is identical with gelling agent, and viscosity modifier is sensitive to the response of gel simulants viscosity, It is the important factor in order of viscosity change." viscosity modifier " is macromolecular cellulose substances, it is similar to simulated solution matrix It is compatible, gel skeleton is not destroyed, plays the role of viscosity regulation, while play the role of gelling agent.
C. formula determines
Two kinds of materials of gelling agent and viscosity modifier do not chemically react mutually, and ratio is suitable.
3rd, it is to enumerate several specific embodiments to illustrate below, the percentage involved in embodiment is quality percentage Than.
Embodiment 1
Selection hydrophilic nano silica is gelling agent, and carboxymethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, gel simulants base Body is deionized water and alcohol mixture.Under room temperature, normal pressure, 21.406kg deionized waters are injected in 50L reaction kettles, are slowly added Enter 0.9% carboxymethyl cellulose carry out it is fully dispersed, jitter time 30min, stirs 1h afterwards.Add 1.8% dioxy SiClx is disperseed, jitter time 30min, is stopped reaction after compound system stirring 20h, is stood 48h, measuring viscosity data is 18976mpa.s。
Embodiment 2
It is gelling agent to select Carmomer, and hydroxyethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, and gel simulants matrix is deionized water. Under room temperature, normal pressure, 21.01kg deionized waters are injected in 50L reaction kettles, are slowly added to 2.5% hydroxyethyl cellulose progress Fully dispersed, jitter time 40min, stirs 2h afterwards.The Carmomer for adding 2% disperses, jitter time 30min, compound Stop reaction after system stirring 24h, stand 48h, it is 52381mpa.s to measure viscosity data.
Embodiment 3
It is gelling agent to select agar, and carboxymethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, and gel simulants matrix is glycerine.Often Temperature, under normal pressure, inject 21.12kg glycerine in 50L reaction kettles, be slowly added to 2% agar carry out it is fully dispersed, when disperseing Between 40min, stir 3h afterwards.The carboxymethyl cellulose for adding 2% disperses, jitter time 40min, compound system stirring Stop reaction after 30h, stand 48h, it is 37680mpa.s to measure viscosity data.
Embodiment 4
Selection nano silicon dioxide is gelling agent, and hydroxyethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, and gel simulants matrix is to go Ionized water.Under room temperature, normal pressure, 21.56kg substrate mixtures are injected in 50L reaction kettles, are slowly added to 1% hydroxy ethyl fiber Element is disperseed, and jitter time 40min, stirs 3h afterwards.Add 1% nano silicon dioxide it is fully dispersed, jitter time For 40min, compound system stops reaction after stirring 30h, stands 48h, it is 25769mpa.s to measure viscosity data.
Embodiment 5
Selection nano silicon dioxide is gelling agent, and hydroxyethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, and gel simulants matrix is to go Ionized water.Under room temperature, normal pressure, 21.67kg matrixes are injected in 50L reaction kettles, be slowly added to 0.5% hydroxyethyl cellulose into Row is scattered, and jitter time 40min, stirs 3h afterwards.Add 1% nano silicon dioxide it is fully dispersed, jitter time is Stop reaction after 40min, compound system stirring 30h, stand 48h, it is 12302mpa.s to measure viscosity data.
Embodiment 6
It is gelling agent to select gelatin, and hydroxyethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, and gel simulants matrix is deionized water.Often Under temperature, normal pressure, 21.516kg matrixes are injected in 50L reaction kettles, the hydroxyethyl cellulose for being slowly added to 1.2% is disperseed, Jitter time 40min, stirs 3h afterwards.Add 1% gelatin it is fully dispersed, jitter time 40min, compound system stirring Stop reaction after 30h, stand 48h, it is 18691mpa.s to measure viscosity data.
Embodiment 7
It is gelling agent to select cyclodextrin, and hydroxyethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, and gel simulants matrix is deionized water. Under room temperature, normal pressure, 21.098kg matrixes are injected in 50L reaction kettles, the hydroxyethyl cellulose for being slowly added to 1.1% is divided Dissipate, jitter time 40min, stirs 3h afterwards.Add 3% cyclodextrin it is fully dispersed, jitter time 40min, complex Stop reaction after system stirring 30h, stand 48h, it is 35427mpa.s to measure viscosity data.
Embodiment 8
Selection nano HA/PVA be gelling agent, and hydroxyethyl cellulose is viscosity modifier, gel simulants matrix be go from Sub- water.Under room temperature, normal pressure, 21.098kg matrixes are injected in 50L reaction kettles, are slowly added to 1% hydroxyethyl cellulose progress Scattered, jitter time 40min, stirs 3h afterwards.Add 2% nano HA/PVA it is fully dispersed, jitter time 40min, Stop reaction after compound system stirring 30h, stand 48h, it is 22202mpa.s to measure viscosity data.
The methods of concussion, ultrasound can also be used in multiphase recombination process, is equal by gelling agent and viscosity modifier and matrix Even compound, recombination time is 1~30h.
4th, performance detection
1st, simulated solution viscosity test
Viscosity data in 1-8 of the embodiment of the present invention is measured using dedicated gel viscosity meter NDJ-4 type gyrators viscosity Examination, can viscosimetric scope:2#Rotor:500mPa.s~100000mPa.s, test environment are 20 DEG C.
2nd, simulated solution rheology testing
Using 6000 rheometer test gel simulants of HAAKE RbeoStress viscosity with shear rate rheological characteristic Energy.First with titer calibrate rheometer, then correction coefficient is modified, last sample viscosity with shear rate change Figure.Each sample measures three times, each 100s.
By taking Fig. 1 as an example, can be seen that from rheological curve figure, shear rate from small to large when, the mobility of gel simulants Can show as shear shinning, shear rate from large to small when, gel viscosity returns to original state, and meets non-newtonian fluid Characteristic is identical with the mobile performance of hydrazine gel propellant.The curve map trend of Fig. 2 to Fig. 8 is identical with Fig. 1, no longer illustrates.
3rd, other performance
The simulated solution physical property of the present invention is stablized, and in room temperature, normal pressure storage process, will not be layered, reunite, decomposing etc. and show As;Good thermal stability, is respectively provided with good thermal adaptability at -50 DEG C~150 DEG C, will not roll into a ball within this temperature range Poly- and layering.

Claims (6)

1. the gel simulants formula of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant, it is characterised in that:
Including simulated solution matrix, gelling agent and viscosity modifier;
The simulated solution matrix is water, alcohol or water and the mixture of alcohol, and simulated solution substrate quality concentration range is 90~99%;
The gelling agent is hydroaropic substance, selects hydrophilic nano silica, Carmomer, agar, gelatin, cyclodextrin to derive One kind during thing, nano HA/PVA are composite porous, gelling agent mass concentration scope are 0.1~5%;
The viscosity modifier is hydroaropic substance, selects one kind in hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, viscosity-adjusting agent Agent mass concentration scope is 0.1~5%.
2. the gel simulants formula of rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The viscosity modifier is hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the molecular weight of hydroxyethyl cellulose is 10,000~400,000.
3. prepare gel using the gel simulants formula of the rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant described in claim 1 or 2 The method of simulated solution, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) under room temperature, normal pressure, in gel simulants matrix being slowly added to gelling agent is disperseed, and is stirred when disperseing;
2) after gelling agent is disperseed completely, continue to stir certain time, make to produce key key between gelling agent and simulated solution substrate molecule Interaction, so as to erect network gel skeleton;
3) viscosity modifier is added, is disperseed while stirring, stirring certain time is further continued for after disperseing completely, answers gel simulants Close system status and reach stable, gel skeleton is further firm, and viscosity reaches stable.
4. the method according to claim 3 for preparing gel simulants, it is characterised in that:
Gelling agent jitter time in simulated solution matrix is 0.5~2h, and viscosity modifier jitter time in simulated solution matrix is 0.5~2h, three kinds of material recombination process mixings time are 5h, and gelling agent carries out constant speed stirring with simulated solution matrix recombination process, Stir speed (S.S.) is 200~600r/min, and viscosity modifier carries out constant speed stirring with simulated solution matrix recombination process, and stir speed (S.S.) is 200~800r/min.
5. prepare gel using the gel simulants formula of the rocket engine hydrazine gel propellant described in claim 1 or 2 The method of simulated solution, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) under room temperature, normal pressure, in gel simulants matrix being slowly added to viscosity modifier is disperseed, and is stirred when disperseing;
2) after viscosity modifier disperses completely, continue to stir certain time, make between viscosity modifier and simulated solution substrate molecule The interaction of key key is produced, so as to erect network gel skeleton;
3) gelling agent is added, is disperseed while stirring, stirring certain time is further continued for after disperseing completely, makes gel simulants complex It is that state reaches stable, gel skeleton is further firm, and viscosity reaches stable.
6. the method according to claim 5 for preparing gel simulants, it is characterised in that:
Gelling agent jitter time in simulated solution matrix is 0.5~2h, and viscosity modifier jitter time in simulated solution matrix is 0.5~2h, three kinds of material recombination process mixings time are 5h, and gelling agent carries out constant speed stirring with simulated solution matrix recombination process, Stir speed (S.S.) is 200~600r/min, and viscosity modifier carries out constant speed stirring with simulated solution matrix recombination process, and stir speed (S.S.) is 200~800r/min.
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