CN107941630B - Test device and method for measuring limit torque - Google Patents
Test device and method for measuring limit torque Download PDFInfo
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- CN107941630B CN107941630B CN201711212197.5A CN201711212197A CN107941630B CN 107941630 B CN107941630 B CN 107941630B CN 201711212197 A CN201711212197 A CN 201711212197A CN 107941630 B CN107941630 B CN 107941630B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0042—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a torque
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a method for measuring limit torque, and belongs to the technical field of torsion experimental machines. The device comprises a test piece shaft, a test piece wheel, a torsion disc and a fixed disc; one end of the test piece shaft is a fixed end, the other end of the test piece shaft is a matching end, at least one matching surface is distributed on the matching end along the axial direction, and the matching surface and a matching hole in the middle of the test piece wheel form at least one-stage interference fit; the length of each matching surface in the axial direction is more than or equal to the length of the matching hole in the axial direction; a carrier seat is fixed on one side of the torsion disc opposite to the fixed disc, and a test piece shaft fixing hole is formed in the middle of the carrier seat; the middle part of the fixed disk is provided with a test piece wheel fixed hole, and the diameter of the longitudinal section of the test piece wheel fixed hole is larger than that of the test piece shaft fixed hole. The structure can remarkably improve the test operation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device, in particular to a test device for measuring limit torque, and also relates to a corresponding test method, belonging to the technical field of torsion experiments.
Background
According to the knowledge of the applicant, the existing torsion testing machine is of a horizontal structure, and the left and right sides of the existing torsion testing machine are respectively a torsion disc and a fixed disc fixed on a base, wherein the torsion disc is connected with a motor, and the fixed disc is fixed. Generally, the torsion disc and the fixed disc are both circular flange structures, the edges of the torsion disc and the fixed disc are fully distributed with bolt holes, and two parts of a test piece to be tested are fixedly connected with the testing machine through bolts. During the test, two parts of the test piece are fixed with the torsion disc and the fixed disc at the left side and the right side respectively by bolts, then the motor is started to apply torque to the test piece, and the state of the test piece is observed, so that the limit torque of the test piece is obtained. However, when the structure is adopted to measure multiple groups of data, the bolts are required to be repeatedly disassembled and assembled, the repeated calibration and positioning are required, the workload is large, the testing efficiency is low, and particularly when the torque is large, more bolts are required to be disassembled, so that the testing process is further slowed down; in addition, repeated assembly and disassembly easily cause the reduction of the bolt connection strength, and the connecting bolts can be broken after multiple tests, so that safety accidents are caused.
In addition, in order to reasonably design the fit tolerance of the shaft hole, the interference fit required by the preset transmission torque is often required to be determined, test pieces with different interference values are required to be manufactured in the prior art, and then the limit torque is tested respectively, so that the method is very inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary object of the present invention is: aiming at the problems that a torsion test fixed test piece is complex and time-consuming, the torsion test device capable of rapidly installing the test piece is provided, so that the test operation efficiency is remarkably improved.
A further object of the invention is: the test method for measuring the limit torque of the interference fit required by the preset transmission torque can be obtained through one-time installation test, so that the test is more efficient and quick.
In order to achieve the primary purpose, the basic technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the test device for measuring the limit torque comprises a test piece fixing device for clamping a test piece to be tested, wherein the test piece to be tested comprises a test piece shaft (3) and a test piece wheel (4) which are coaxially arranged, and a matching hole (4-1) capable of matching with a matching surface on the test piece shaft for torque transmission is formed in the middle of the test piece wheel; the test piece fixing device comprises a torsion disc (1) for installing a test piece shaft and a fixed disc (2) fixedly connected to the base and fixedly provided with a test piece wheel, and is characterized in that:
two ends of the test piece shaft (3) are respectively provided with a plug-in mounting end (3-2) and a matching end (3-3), and the matching end (3-3) is at least provided with a section of matching surface (3-1) which is in torque transmission fit with the matching hole (4-1) along the axial direction;
one side of the torsion disc (1) opposite to the fixed disc (2) is provided with a central hole (5-1) and forms a carrier seat (5) of a circumferential constraint moving pair with the inserting end (3-2);
the middle part of the fixed disc (2) is provided with a fixed hole (2-1) which is circumferentially restrained with the test piece wheel (4) and one end of which is axially limited.
After the test device for measuring the limit torque is prepared for connecting the test motor with torque display with the torsion disc in a transmission way, the test device is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, inserting an inserting end of a test piece shaft to be tested into a central hole of a torsion disc carrier seat for circumferential constraint, and inserting a test piece wheel into a fixing hole in the middle of a fixing disc for circumferential constraint and axial limiting;
step two, pressing a section of matching surface of the matching end of the test piece shaft into a matching hole of the test piece wheel to form torque transmission matching;
step three, starting the test motor to gradually apply torque, and recording the critical output torque of the test motor when the rotation speed of the test motor breaks through zero, namely the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel start to generate relative rotation; and obtaining the limit torque which can be transmitted by the current torque transmission matching of the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel.
During the test, because test piece axle and test piece wheel cartridge respectively in torsion table and fixed disk, therefore the installation is very convenient, after torsion table axial displacement makes test piece axle and test piece wheel cooperation as required, the test motor drive torsion table that takes torque to show drives the test piece axle and produces rotatory trend, when it appears relative slip with the test piece wheel, can obtain the limit moment of torsion of transmissible, and is very convenient.
The above torque transmission matching has a broad meaning: including both tolerance range interference and engagement fits.
To achieve a further object, the present invention provides: the matching end (3-3) is at least provided with two sections of matching surfaces (3-1) which form gradual tight interference fit with the matching hole (4-1) along the axial direction. Thus, the interference fit test result required for the predetermined transmission torque can be obtained when the test is performed in the following manner, and the test method for measuring the limit torque is performed after preparing for connecting the torque display test motor with the torsion disc in a driving manner, as follows:
firstly, inserting an inserting end of a test piece shaft to be tested into a central hole of a torsion disc carrier seat for circumferential constraint, and inserting a test piece wheel into a fixing hole in the middle of a fixing disc for circumferential constraint and axial limiting;
pressing a first section of matching surface of the matching end of the test piece shaft into a matching hole of the test piece wheel to form first-stage interference fit;
step three, starting the test motor to gradually apply torque, and recording the critical output torque of the test motor when the rotation speed of the test motor breaks through zero, namely the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel start to generate relative rotation;
step four, if the output torque of the test motor is smaller than the preset transmission torque, pressing the next section of matching surface of the matching end of the test piece shaft into the matching hole of the test piece wheel to form next-stage interference fit, and returning to the step three; otherwise, the interference fit of the stage is determined to be suitable, and the test is ended.
The test piece can be assembled once to continuously perform multiple tests until the fit interference which can transmit the preset torque is measured, so that the test efficiency is remarkably improved, and the accuracy of the measurement result is guaranteed.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of E-E of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a carrier seat according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of F-F in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a stationary plate according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a section view of the graph G-G of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a test piece according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a section H-H of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of K-K of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a test piece according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view I-I of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a flowchart of the measurement procedure.
In the figure: 1, twisting a turntable; 2, fixing a disc; 2-1 fixing holes; 2-2 positioning holes; 3, a test piece shaft; 3-1 mating surfaces; 3-2 plug-in terminals; 3-3 mating ends; 3-4 spline surfaces; 3-5 positioning cams; 4, a test piece wheel; 4-1 mating holes; 5, a carrier seat; 5-1 a central hole; 5-2 limit holes.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided for a better understanding of the invention.
Example 1
The test device of the embodiment is used for measuring the transmissible limit torque of the test piece to be tested in interference fit. As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the test piece to be tested includes a test piece shaft 3 and a test piece wheel 4 which are coaxially installed. Wherein the middle part of the test piece wheel 4 is provided with a matching hole 4-1 which can be matched with a matching surface on the test piece shaft 3 for transmitting torque, and the outline is provided with a rectangular section and a cylindrical section. The two ends of the test piece shaft 3 are respectively provided with a rectangular-section inserting end 3-2 and a cylindrical matching end 3-3, and the matching ends 3-3 are axially provided with three sections of matching surfaces 3-1 which form gradual tight interference fit with the matching hole 4-1 (for example, each section is increased by 0.005 mm; when only one section of matching surface with a specific matching size is provided, the limit torque of the matching size can be measured by rapidly installing the test piece). The insertion end 3-2 and the mating end 3-3 are separated by a middle positioning cam 3-5.
The test piece fixing device for clamping the test piece to be tested comprises a torsion disc 1 for installing a test piece shaft 3 and a fixing disc 2 fixedly connected to a base and fixedly provided with a test piece wheel 4. The torsion disc 1 is driven by a test motor with torque display and can axially shift as required, one side of the torsion disc is fixedly connected with a carrier seat 5 which is provided with a central hole 5-1 and forms a circumferential constraint moving pair with the insertion end 3-2 through a rectangular hole. The middle part of the fixed disk 2 is provided with a rectangular section fixed hole 2-1 which is circumferentially restrained with the rectangular section of the test piece wheel 4 and an axial limiting diameter-reducing circular positioning hole 2-2 which is matched with the cylindrical section.
When the matching end of the test piece shaft has only one section of matching surface and only needs to measure the limit torsion which can be transmitted by a certain matching, after preparing for connecting the torque display test motor with the torsion disc in a transmission way, the test is carried out according to the following simple steps:
firstly, inserting a rectangular section inserting end 3-2 of a test piece shaft 3 to be tested into a central hole 5-1 matched with a torsion disc carrier seat 5 for circumferential constraint, inserting a rectangular section of a test piece wheel 4 into a fixing hole 2-1 in the middle of a fixing disc for circumferential constraint, and axially limiting through a diameter-reduced circular positioning hole 2-2;
step two, pressing a matching surface 3-3 of the matching end of the test piece shaft 3 into a matching hole 4-1 of the test piece wheel 4 to form interference fit;
and thirdly, starting the test motor to gradually apply torque, and recording the critical output torque of the test motor when the rotating speed of the test motor breaks through zero, namely the test piece shaft 3 and the test piece wheel 4 start to generate relative rotation, so as to obtain the limit torque which can be transmitted by the current interference fit of the test piece shaft 3 and the test piece wheel 4.
When it is desired to determine the interference fit required for a predetermined transmitted torque, after preparation for the drive connection of the torque display test motor to the torsion disc, the following steps are performed (see fig. 13):
firstly, inserting a rectangular section inserting end 3-2 of a test piece shaft 3 to be tested into a central hole 5-1 matched with a torsion disc carrier seat 5 for circumferential constraint, inserting a rectangular section of a test piece wheel 4 into a fixing hole 2-1 in the middle of a fixing disc for circumferential constraint, and axially limiting through a diameter-reduced circular positioning hole 2-2;
pressing a first section of matching surface of the matching end of the test piece shaft 3 into a matching hole 4-1 of the test piece wheel 4 to form first-stage interference fit;
step three, starting the test motor to gradually apply torque, and recording the critical output torque of the test motor when the rotation speed of the test motor breaks through zero, namely the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel start to generate relative rotation;
step four, if the output torque of the test motor is smaller than the preset transmission torque, pressing the next section of matching surface of the matching end of the test piece shaft 3 into the matching hole 4-1 of the test piece wheel 4 to form next-stage interference fit, and returning to the step three; otherwise, the interference fit of the stage is determined to be suitable, and the test is ended.
Compared with the prior art, the torsion test device of the embodiment has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
1) The test piece shaft fixing holes form rotation limitation on the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel fixing holes on the test piece wheel in the circumferential direction, so that the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel cannot rotate in the circumferential direction, and the test piece is quickly fixed; compared with the bolt disassembly and assembly, the operation flow is obviously simplified, and the test efficiency is obviously improved;
2) The multi-stage matching surface on the test piece shaft can form multi-stage interference fit with the matching hole, so that the ideal interference fit amount required by the preset torque can be measured through one-time installation, and the optimal standard tolerance or the optimal nonstandard tolerance can be determined during design;
3) The diameter of the test piece wheel fixing hole is larger than that of the test piece shaft fixing hole, so that a test piece can be inserted from one side of the test piece wheel fixing hole, and can be reversely pulled out without blocking after the test is finished, and the test piece is more rapid and convenient to install;
4) After the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel are inserted into the test device from one side, the positioning is automatically formed by virtue of the circumferential direction and the limiting structure of the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel, so that manual calibration is omitted;
5) And mark lines are arranged between the matching surfaces of the sections, so that the pushing of the press machine is facilitated.
Example two
The test device of the embodiment is shown in fig. 9 to 13, and the basic technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment, except that the matching surface of the test piece shaft 3 is a spline surface 3-4, and the matching hole 4-1 of the test piece wheel 4 is a spline hole; and a spline engagement fit is formed between the two. The middle part of the test piece shaft 3 is provided with a radial convex positioning cam 3-5 which plays a role in positioning in the axial direction.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The test method comprises the steps of adopting a test device for measuring the limit torque, wherein the test device comprises a test piece fixing device for clamping a test piece to be tested, the test piece to be tested comprises a test piece shaft (3) and a test piece wheel (4) which are coaxially arranged, and the middle part of the test piece wheel is provided with a matching hole (4-1) which can be matched with a matching surface on the test piece shaft for transmitting torque;
two ends of the test piece shaft (3) are respectively provided with a plug-in end (3-2) and a matching end (3-3), and the matching end (3-3) is at least provided with a section of matching surface (3-1) which forms interference fit with the matching hole (4-1) along the axial direction;
one side of the torsion disc (1) opposite to the fixed disc (2) is provided with a central hole (5-1) and forms a carrier seat (5) of a circumferential constraint moving pair with the inserting end (3-2);
a fixing hole (2-1) which is circumferentially restrained with the test piece wheel (4) and axially limited at one end is formed in the middle of the fixing disc (2);
the method is characterized in that: after preparation for the drive connection of the torque display test motor to the torsion disc, the following steps are carried out:
firstly, inserting an inserting end of a test piece shaft to be tested into a central hole of a torsion disc carrier seat for circumferential constraint, and inserting a test piece wheel into a fixing hole in the middle of a fixing disc for circumferential constraint and axial limiting;
pressing a section of matching surface of the matching end of the test piece shaft into a matching hole of the test piece wheel to form interference fit;
step three, starting the test motor to gradually apply torque, and recording the critical output torque of the test motor when the rotation speed of the test motor breaks through zero, namely the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel start to generate relative rotation; and obtaining the limit torque which can be transmitted by the current interference fit of the test piece shaft and the test piece wheel.
2. The test method using the test device for measuring a limit torque according to claim 1, wherein: the matching end (3-3) is at least provided with two sections of matching surfaces (3-1) which form gradual tight interference fit with the matching hole (4-1) along the axial direction.
3. The test method using the test device for measuring a limit torque according to claim 2, wherein: the two ends of the test piece shaft are respectively provided with a rectangular section inserting end and a cylindrical matching end.
4. A test method using a test apparatus for measuring a limit torque according to claim 3, wherein: the male and mating ends are separated by a middle positioning cam section.
5. The test method using the test device for measuring a limit torque according to claim 4, wherein: the outline of the test piece wheel is provided with a rectangular section and a cylindrical section.
6. The test method using the test device for measuring a limit torque according to claim 5, wherein: the middle part of the fixed disk is provided with a rectangular section fixed hole which is circumferentially restrained with the rectangular section of the test piece wheel and an axial limiting diameter-reducing circular positioning hole which is matched with the cylindrical section.
7. A test method using a test device for measuring a limit torque according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising:
step four, if the output torque of the test motor is smaller than the preset transmission torque, pressing the next section of matching surface of the matching end of the test piece shaft into the matching hole of the test piece wheel to form next-stage interference fit, and returning to the step three; otherwise, the interference fit of the stage is determined to be suitable, and the test is ended.
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| CN201711212197.5A CN107941630B (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2017-11-28 | Test device and method for measuring limit torque |
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| CN201711212197.5A CN107941630B (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2017-11-28 | Test device and method for measuring limit torque |
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| CN107941630A CN107941630A (en) | 2018-04-20 |
| CN107941630B true CN107941630B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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