CN107940784B - Underground open type heat exchange system and method for middle-deep layer geothermal energy - Google Patents
Underground open type heat exchange system and method for middle-deep layer geothermal energy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a middle-deep geothermal energy underground open type heat exchange system and a method, wherein the heat exchange system comprises a distributed temperature measurement optical fiber, two water level observation pipes, a mixer, a special geothermal pipe, a water pump, a desanding pump, a heat exchanger and a regulating water tank; the method comprises the following steps that a special geothermal pipe, a water pumping pump chamber and a mixer are arranged in a technical sleeve and a protective wall pipe, the bottom of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the mixer, the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the water pumping pump chamber, the water pumping pump is sequentially connected with a desanding pump, a heat exchanger and an adjusting water tank through pipelines, a water outlet of the adjusting water tank is connected with a cold water injection pipe, a distributed temperature measuring optical fiber and a second water level observation pipe are arranged between the special geothermal pipe and the technical sleeve, and a first water level observation pipe is arranged in the special geothermal pipe. The system has the advantages that the geothermal well heat reservoir is open, heat exchange is carried out through the geothermal special pipe, the heat exchange efficiency is high, the return water quantity is equal to the water pumping quantity, the underground hot water resource is not consumed, and the environmental pollution caused by discharging the utilized underground hot water is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of middle-deep geothermal energy extraction processes and methods, and particularly relates to a middle-deep geothermal energy underground open type heat exchange system and method.
Background
The ' thirteen-five ' plan for developing and utilizing geothermal energy ' in China proposes that: in the thirteen-five period, 11 hundred million square meters of geothermal energy heating (refrigerating) area is newly added, wherein 7 hundred million square meters of shallow geothermal energy heating (refrigerating) area is newly added; the additional hydrothermal geothermal heating area is 4 hundred million square meters. The installed capacity of geothermal power generation is increased by 500 MW. The annual utilization amount of geothermal energy is about 7000 ten thousand tons of standard coal by 2020. The 'plan' fully shows that China needs to develop geothermal energy vigorously during the 'thirteen-five' period. Meanwhile, as the development and utilization of geothermal energy are limited by the technical level, a series of problems such as resource destruction, environmental pollution, low utilization rate and the like are brought, in order to effectively solve the adverse factors, a great number of scientific and technological workers on one hand use some advanced experiences and technologies abroad for reference, on the other hand carry out a great amount of experiments and research work, and great research results are obtained. At present, the geothermal energy in China is mainly developed and utilized by the following technical methods.
1. Technology for directly pumping underground hot water
The technology is that one or more geothermal wells are constructed, underground hot water is pumped to the ground surface by a water pump, and the underground hot water is directly or secondarily heated and then used for bathing, heating, power generation and the like. Its advantage is high utilization rate of heat energy. The defects that a large amount of underground hot water resources are consumed, so that the resources are reduced, and the water level is greatly reduced; because underground hot water is generally high in mineralization degree, high in sulfur and corrosive, the used geothermal water can cause environmental pollution after being discharged.
2. Well recharging technology
The technology is to construct one water taking well and one (or two) recharging well at the same time. The water taking well is used for pumping out underground hot water and then recharging the utilized underground hot water to the underground through the recharging well. Its advantage is high utilization rate of heat energy. The disadvantage is that the development and utilization cost of geothermal energy is increased. In some areas, the water cannot be completely recharged due to the restriction of geological conditions, and the problems of resource consumption and environmental pollution are caused.
3. Butt well technology
The technology is that a straight well is firstly constructed, an inclined well is constructed within a certain range, and the straight well is butted with the underground well at a certain depth (heat storage) through a horizontal well. Cold water is poured from the inclined shaft, is discharged from the vertical shaft after being heated by heat storage, and achieves the purpose of carrying geothermal energy to the ground surface. Its advantages are high utilization rate of heat energy, no damage to underground hot water resource and no environmental pollution. The defects of high construction difficulty, high cost and difficult large-scale popularization and application.
4. Underground heat exchange technology for single-well U-shaped pipe or central pipe
The technology is a technical method for 'taking heat but not taking water', firstly, a technical casing is put into a geothermal well for well cementation so as to seal underground hot water, and then a 'U' -shaped pipe or a central pipe is put into the technical casing. One is to inject cold water into one end of the U-shaped pipe, heat the pipe in the well through the ground temperature, and then the hot water flows out from the other end of the U-shaped pipe under the action of power. The other is to inject cold water into the well, heat the water by ground temperature and make the heated hot water flow out from the central pipe under the pressure. The two methods have basically the same technical principle, and only a small amount of test engineering exists in China at present. Its advantages are no consumption of underground hot water and no environmental pollution. The defects are that the heat exchange efficiency is low, and the cold accumulation effect can occur after long-term use, so that the ground temperature around a well is reduced, and the heat exchange amount is reduced.
It can be seen from this that the prior art solutions, although capable of developing geothermal energy, have more or less different degrees of drawbacks and problems. Therefore, aiming at the problems of resource, environmental protection, low heat exchange efficiency, cold accumulation and the like, the development of the underground open type heat exchange system and method for the middle-deep layer geothermal energy with low cost and high heat exchange efficiency is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a middle-deep geothermal energy underground open type heat exchange system and a method, the system can not take water when taking heat, does not destroy underground hot water resources, and does not produce environmental pollution; not only can improve heat exchange efficiency and effectively solve the problem of cold accumulation effect, but also effectively reduce the development and utilization cost of geothermal energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an underground open type heat exchange system for middle-deep geothermal energy comprises a distributed temperature measurement optical fiber, two water level observation pipes, a mixer, a special geothermal pipe, a water pump, a desanding pump, a heat exchanger and a regulating water tank; the heat reservoir of the geothermal well consists of a water-resisting layer and a water-bearing layer, the water-resisting layer is arranged below a cover layer, a technical casing pipe and a retaining wall pipe are arranged in the geothermal well, well cementation is carried out between the cover layer and the technical casing pipe and between the water-resisting layer and the retaining wall pipe by using well cementation materials, and a filter pipe is arranged between the water-bearing layer and the retaining wall pipe; the method comprises the following steps that a special geothermal pipe, a water pumping pump chamber and a mixer are arranged in a technical casing pipe and a wall protection pipe, the bottom of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the mixer, the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the water pumping pump chamber, a water pumping pump is arranged in the water pumping pump chamber, the water pumping pump is sequentially connected with a sand removal pump, a heat exchanger and an adjusting water tank through pipelines, a water outlet of the adjusting water tank is connected with a cold water injection pipe, cold water is back filled into a geothermal well through the cold water injection pipe, a flowmeter, a water abandoning port (a water abandoning valve is arranged on the water abandoning port) and the sand removal pump, a pump amount control valve is arranged on the cold water injection pipe, a water supplementing valve is arranged on the water supplementing port, a distributed temperature measuring optical fiber and a second water level observation pipe are arranged between the special geothermal pipe and the technical casing pipe.
Further, the length of the mixer is 5-10 meters.
Furthermore, the upper part of the geothermal special pipe is a water suction pump chamber, and the diameter of the water suction pump chamber meets the requirement of a water suction pump.
Furthermore, a water abandoning port is arranged on a pipeline between the heat exchanger and the regulating water tank, and a water abandoning valve is arranged on the water abandoning port.
A middle-deep geothermal energy underground open type heat exchange method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: designing a geothermal well (depth and caliber) according to the burial depth and heat supply plan of a geothermal reservoir;
the second step is that: a technical casing pipe and a retaining wall pipe are arranged in the geothermal well, a well cementation material is used for cementing between the cover layer and the technical casing pipe and between the water-resisting layer and the retaining wall pipe, and the well cementation effect is checked after the well cementation; a filter pipe is arranged between the aquifer and the wall protection pipe;
the third step: according to the design, a special geothermal pipe, a water pumping pump chamber and a mixer are arranged in a technical sleeve and a protective wall pipe, the bottom of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the mixer, and the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the water pumping pump chamber;
the fourth step: a water suction pump is put into a water suction pump chamber, the water suction pump is sequentially connected with a sand removal pump, a heat exchanger and an adjusting water tank, cold water is refilled into the geothermal well through a cold water injection pipe, and a flow meter, a water abandoning valve, a pump capacity control valve and a water replenishing valve are further installed on the loop;
the fifth step: the distributed temperature measuring optical fiber and the second water level observation tube are arranged between the geothermal special tube and the technical sleeve; placing a first water level observation pipe in the special geothermal pipe;
and a sixth step: starting a water suction pump, pumping hot water in the special geothermal pipe into a heat exchanger, discharging cold water after the heat exchanger extracts the heat energy of the hot water, and recharging the cold water into the geothermal well through a cold water injection pipe to realize cold and hot water circulation in a single well;
the seventh step: observing the water level changes of the first water level observation pipe and the second water level observation pipe in real time to enable the water level changes to be basically consistent with the natural water level or to slightly fluctuate above and below the natural water level, wherein the water pumping quantity is equal to the water return quantity, and underground water resources are not consumed;
eighth step: when the water levels of the first water level observation pipe and the second water level observation pipe are lower than the natural water level, geothermal water in the heat storage enters the well, and at the moment, the water replenishing valve can be opened to increase the return water amount properly;
the ninth step: when the water level of the first water level observation pipe and the second water level observation pipe is lower than the natural water level, the cold accumulation phenomenon can be eliminated quickly.
Furthermore, the technical sleeves and the wall protecting pipe are connected by welding or screw threads.
Furthermore, the special geothermal pipe is required to be arranged 10-15M above the bottom of the well.
Further, the depth of the geothermal well is not less than 50m below the aquifer of the thermal reservoir.
Compared with the prior art, the underground open type heat exchange system and method for the middle-deep geothermal energy have the following advantages:
1. the heat exchange system has the advantages that the geothermal well heat reservoir is open, heat exchange is carried out through the geothermal special pipe, the heat exchange efficiency is high, the return water quantity is equal to the water pumping quantity, the underground hot water resource is not consumed, and the environment pollution caused by discharging the utilized underground hot water is avoided.
2. The heat storage of the heat exchange system is completely open, so that the heat exchange between the cold water which is recharged and the geothermal water in the well can be fully carried out, and the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved.
3. The heat exchange method controls geothermal water to supply well water or well water to supply heat storage by properly increasing or reducing the amount of return water, and effectively solves the problem of cold accumulation.
4. Compared with the well recharging or well butting technology, the heat exchange system can reduce the number of geothermal wells by 50 percent, thereby effectively reducing the utilization cost of geothermal resources.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-cold water injection pipe, 2-distributed temperature measurement optical fiber, 3-well cementing material, 4-technical casing pipe, 5-well wall, 6-wall protection pipe, 7-filter pipe, 8-mixer, 9-special geothermal pipe, 10-water pump, 11-water pump chamber, 12-hot water extraction pipe, 13-first water level observation pipe, 14-flowmeter, 15 water disposal valve, 16-pump amount control valve, 17-sand removal pump, 18-heat exchanger, 19-adjusting water tank, 20-water supplement valve, 21-cover layer, 22-groundwater level, 23-water-resisting layer, 24-heat reservoir, 25-water-bearing layer and 26-second water level observation pipe.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
An underground open type heat exchange system for middle-deep geothermal energy comprises a distributed temperature measurement optical fiber 2, two water level observation pipes, a mixer 8, a special geothermal pipe 9, a water pump 10, a desanding pump 17, a heat exchanger 18 and a regulating water tank 19; the heat reservoir 24 of the geothermal well consists of a water-resisting layer 23 and a water-bearing layer 25, is arranged under the cover layer 21, a technical casing 4 and a retaining wall pipe 6 are arranged in the geothermal well, the well cementation is carried out between the cover layer 21 and the technical casing 4 and between the water-resisting layer 23 and the retaining wall pipe 6 by using a well cementation material 3, and a filter pipe 7 is arranged between the water-bearing layer 25 and the retaining wall pipe 6; the technical casing pipes 4 and the technical casing pipes 4 are connected with the retaining wall pipe 6 by welding or screw threads, a special geothermal pipe 9, a water pump chamber 11 and a mixer 8 are arranged in the technical casing pipes 4 and the retaining wall pipe 6, the bottom of the special geothermal pipe 9 is connected with the mixer 8, the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is connected with a water pumping pump chamber 11, the length of the mixer 8 is 5-10 meters, the diameter of the water pumping pump chamber 11 is required to meet the requirement of the water pumping pump 10, the water pumping pump 10 is arranged in the water pumping chamber 11, the water pumping pump 10 is sequentially connected with a desanding pump 17, a heat exchanger 18 and an adjusting water tank 19 through pipelines, the water outlet of the adjusting water tank 19 is connected with a cold water injection pipe 1, cold water is refilled into the geothermal well through the cold water injection pipe 1, a flow meter 14, a water discarding port (a water discarding valve 15 is arranged on the water discarding port) and a pump amount control valve 16 are arranged on the pipeline between the heat exchanger 18 and the adjusting water tank 19, a waste water valve 15 is installed on the waste water port, a water replenishing port is arranged on the cold water injection pipe 1, a water replenishing valve 20 is installed on the water replenishing port, the distributed temperature measuring optical fiber 2 and the second water level observation pipe 26 are arranged between the special geothermal pipe 9 and the technical casing pipe 4, and the first water level observation pipe 13 is arranged in the special geothermal pipe 9. Because the geothermal well heat reservoir is open, the system adopts the special geothermal pipe for heat exchange, can realize that the return water amount is equal to the pumping amount, does not consume the underground hot water resource, does not cause environmental pollution because of discharging the utilized underground hot water, and can ensure that the cold water of recharging and the underground hot water in the well fully carry out heat energy exchange, thereby greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency.
The underground open type heat exchange method for the middle-deep geothermal energy comprises the following processes:
the first step is as follows: designing a geothermal well (depth and caliber) according to the buried depth and heat supply plan of the geothermal reservoir, and constructing the depth of the geothermal well to be not less than 50m below a water-bearing layer of the thermal reservoir according to the design;
the second step is that: a technical casing 4, a retaining wall pipe 6, a part between a cover layer 21 and the technical casing 4, a part between a water-resisting layer 23 and the retaining wall pipe 6 are arranged in the geothermal well, and are fixed by using a well cementation material 3, and the well cementation effect is checked after well cementation; a filter pipe 7 is arranged between the aquifer 25 and the retaining wall pipe 6;
the third step: according to design, a special geothermal pipe 9, a water pump chamber 11 and a mixer 8 are arranged in a technical casing 4 and a protective wall pipe 6, the bottom of the special geothermal pipe 9 is connected with the mixer 8, the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the water pump chamber 11, and the special geothermal pipe 9 is arranged 10-15M above the bottom of a well;
the fourth step: a water pump 10 is put into a water pump chamber 11, the water pump 10 is sequentially connected with a desanding pump 17, a heat exchanger 18 and a regulating water tank 19, cold water is back-filled into the geothermal well through a cold water injection pipe 1, and a flowmeter 14, a water abandoning valve 15, a pump amount control valve 16 and a water replenishing valve 20 are further installed on the loop;
the fifth step: the distributed temperature measuring optical fiber 2 and the second water level observation tube 26 are arranged between the special geothermal pipe 9 and the technical casing 4; a first water level observation pipe 13 is arranged in the special geothermal pipe 9;
and a sixth step: starting a water pump 10, pumping hot water in the special geothermal pipe 9 into a heat exchanger, discharging cold water after the heat exchanger extracts the heat energy of the hot water, and recharging the cold water into the geothermal well through a cold water injection pipe 1 to realize cold and hot water circulation in a single well;
the seventh step: observing the water level changes of the first water level observation pipe 13 and the second water level observation pipe 26 in real time to make the water level changes basically consistent with the natural water level or slightly fluctuate above and below the natural water level, wherein the water pumping quantity is equal to the water return quantity, and underground water resources are not consumed;
eighth step: when the water levels of the first water level observation pipe 13 and the second water level observation pipe 26 are lower than the natural water level, the geothermal water in the heat storage enters the well, and at the moment, the water replenishing valve 20 can be opened to increase the amount of return water properly;
the ninth step: when the water level of the second water level observation pipe 26 is higher than the natural water level, it indicates that cold water enters the hot storage, if the second water level observation pipe is in the state for a long time, the cold accumulation phenomenon can occur, at the moment, the water abandoning valve 15 can be opened, the amount of return water is properly reduced, the water levels of the first water level observation pipe 13 and the second water level observation pipe 26 are reduced, the water level is lower than the natural water level, and the cold accumulation phenomenon can be quickly eliminated.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a well deep geothermal energy open heat transfer system in pit which characterized in that: the device comprises a distributed temperature measuring optical fiber, two water level observation pipes, a mixer, a special geothermal pipe, a water pump, a desanding pump, a heat exchanger and an adjusting water tank, wherein a technical casing pipe and a protective wall pipe are arranged in a geothermal well, well cementation is carried out between a cover layer and the technical casing pipe and between a water-resisting layer and the protective wall pipe by using well cementation materials, a filter pipe is arranged between a water-containing layer and the protective wall pipe, the special geothermal pipe, a water pump chamber and the mixer are arranged in the technical casing pipe and the protective wall pipe, the bottom of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the mixer, the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the water pump chamber, the water pump is arranged in the water pump chamber, the water pump is sequentially connected with the desanding pump, the heat exchanger and the adjusting water tank by pipelines, a water outlet of the adjusting water tank is connected with a cold water injection pipe, cold water is refilled into the geothermal well by the cold water injection pipe, and, the water replenishing valve is arranged on the water replenishing port, the distributed temperature measuring optical fiber and the second water level observation pipe are arranged between the special geothermal pipe and the technical sleeve, and the first water level observation pipe is arranged in the special geothermal pipe.
2. The underground open heat exchange system for the geothermal energy at the middle and deep layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a water abandoning port is arranged on a pipeline between the heat exchanger and the regulating water tank, and a water abandoning valve is installed on the water abandoning port.
3. A mid-deep geothermal energy downhole open heat exchange system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the length of the mixer is 5-10 meters.
4. The underground open heat exchange system for middle and deep geothermal energy of claim 3, wherein: the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is a water suction pump chamber, and the diameter of the water suction pump chamber meets the requirement of a water suction pump.
5. A heat exchange method for the underground open heat exchange system for middle and deep geothermal energy of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: designing the depth and caliber of a geothermal well according to the burial depth and heat supply plan of a geothermal reservoir;
the second step is that: a technical casing pipe and a retaining wall pipe are arranged in the geothermal well, a well cementation material is used for cementing between the cover layer and the technical casing pipe and between the water-resisting layer and the retaining wall pipe, and the well cementation effect is checked after the well cementation; a filter pipe is arranged between the aquifer and the wall protection pipe;
the third step: according to the design of the first step, a special geothermal pipe, a water pumping pump chamber and a mixer are arranged in a technical sleeve and a protective wall pipe, the bottom of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the mixer, and the upper part of the special geothermal pipe is connected with the water pumping pump chamber;
the fourth step: a water suction pump is put into a water suction pump chamber, the water suction pump is sequentially connected with a sand removal pump, a heat exchanger and an adjusting water tank, cold water is refilled into the geothermal well through a cold water injection pipe, and a flow meter, a water abandoning valve, a pump capacity control valve and a water replenishing valve are further installed on the loop;
the fifth step: the distributed temperature measuring optical fiber and the second water level observation tube are arranged between the geothermal special tube and the technical sleeve; placing a first water level observation pipe in the special geothermal pipe;
and a sixth step: starting a water suction pump, pumping hot water in the special geothermal pipe into a heat exchanger, discharging cold water after the heat exchanger extracts the heat energy of the hot water, and recharging the cold water into the geothermal well through a cold water injection pipe to realize cold and hot water circulation in a single well;
the seventh step: observing the water level changes of the first water level observation pipe and the second water level observation pipe in real time to make the water level changes consistent with the natural water level or fluctuate up and down at the natural water level, wherein the water pumping quantity is equal to the return water quantity, and underground water resources are not consumed;
eighth step: when the water levels of the first water level observation pipe and the second water level observation pipe are lower than the natural water level, geothermal water in the heat storage enters the well, and at the moment, the water replenishing valve can be opened to increase the return water amount;
the ninth step: when the water level of the second water level observation pipe is higher than the natural water level, cold water enters the hot storage, if the second water level observation pipe is in the state for a long time, the cold accumulation phenomenon can be generated, at the moment, the water abandoning valve is opened, the water return quantity is reduced, the water levels of the first water level observation pipe and the second water level observation pipe are reduced, and the cold accumulation phenomenon can be eliminated quickly when the water levels of the first water level observation pipe and the second water level observation pipe are lower than the natural water level.
6. The heat exchange method of the underground open heat exchange system for the geothermal energy at the middle deep layer of claim 5, wherein: the technical sleeves and the wall protecting pipe are connected by welding or screw threads.
7. The heat exchange method of the underground open heat exchange system for the geothermal energy at the middle deep layer of claim 5, wherein: the special geothermal pipe is required to be arranged 10-15M above the bottom of the well.
8. The heat exchange method of the underground open heat exchange system for the geothermal energy at the middle deep layer of claim 5, wherein: the depth of the geothermal well is not less than 50m below the aquifer of the thermal reservoir.
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