CN107939375A - A kind of goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production - Google Patents
A kind of goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production Download PDFInfo
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- CN107939375A CN107939375A CN201711064635.8A CN201711064635A CN107939375A CN 107939375 A CN107939375 A CN 107939375A CN 201711064635 A CN201711064635 A CN 201711064635A CN 107939375 A CN107939375 A CN 107939375A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000521257 Hydrops Species 0.000 description 6
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000406668 Loxodonta cyclotis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000009096 changqing Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for rapidly judging for going out coiled tubing and being used as speed column water pumping gas production, including：Calculate coiled tubing tensile strength and depth can be descended, inverse, which acts the coiled tubing, to be needed while meet both minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t1；Checked using collapse resistance under coiled tubing axial tension stress, inverse acts the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t when coiled tubing meets Anti -collapse2；Act the thickness of pipe wall measured value of coiled tubing using instrument for detecting wall thickness test site, and thickness of pipe wall measured value is compared with the greater in two minimum wall thickness (MINI W.)s calculated, if thickness of pipe wall measured value is more than calculated value, speed column water pumping gas production can be reused as by playing out coiled tubing；Conversely, cannot.This method has eliminated out coiled tubing sampling and has carried out the cumbersome formality of test evaluation in laboratory, accelerates using speed column water pumping gas production gas well liquid loading progress；It can rapidly and accurately judge whether coiled tubing may be used as speed column water pumping gas production using this method.
Description
Technical field
Can go out coiled tubing the present invention relates to a kind of be reused as the method for rapidly judging of speed column water pumping gas production,
It is particularly suitable for the hydrops well that old coiled tubing will be used to be used as speed column water pumping gas production.
Background technology
Coiled tubing speed tubing string drainage gas recovery is excellent with obvious effect of increasing production, investment payback time short, Maintenance free etc.
Point becomes one of China Petroleum Changqing Gas Fields three main bodies drainage gas recovery, and water pumping gas production Yield contribution in gas field is risen year by year
Height, it is accumulative to apply 550 mouthfuls of wells, and expand year by year using scale, add up volume increase tolerance up to 10.25 × 108m3, pass through technology
Lead and demonstrate, driven the technology Qinghai, Xinjiang, big ox etc. gas field apply more than 150 mouth wells.Coiled tubing speed tubing string
Drainage gas recovery can give full play to water pumping gas production effect for a long time, but gas well liquid loading is to final stage, the actual production of gas well
Less than coiled tubing critical liquid carrying flow rate when, gas well can occur hydrops again.At this time, the continuous oil in pit shaft is acted
Pipe, carries out pipe performance evaluation, after meeting the old well water pumping gas production requirement of hydrops, by coiled tubing down toward other suitable hydrops gas
Well carries out speed column water pumping gas production again, and tubing cost nearly 300,000 can be saved by the recycling individual well of this tubing
Member.
The prior art has at least the following problems：
The evaluation index that traditional coiled tubing tubing evaluation method is related to includes：Tubing chemical composition, intensity, corrosion
After numerous indexs such as speed, elongation percentage, hardness will be, it is necessary to which coiled tubing sampling will be acted, send laboratory back to and carry out test evaluation, consumption
The human and material resources taken are more, while delay the gas well liquid loading being badly in need of using speed column water pumping gas production；Traditional coiled tubing
Tubing evaluation method is primarily directed to the new tubing as working string, and working string is mainly used for new well sand washing, pressure break, manages
Material will bear the bad working environments such as the high temperature at new well initial stage, high pressure, high salinity, and when coiled tubing is used as speed column, mainly
For the old well of middle and later periods, the operating mode faced is low pressure, low mineralization, it is clear that traditional coiled tubing tubing evaluation method is
It is improper.
The content of the invention
To solve drawbacks described above existing in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind quick and precisely to judge
Go out the method that can coiled tubing be reused as speed column water pumping gas production.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposals.
A kind of goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production, comprises the following steps：
1) calculate coiled tubing tensile strength and depth can be descended, inverse, which acts the coiled tubing, to be needed while meet that tension is strong
Degree and the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t that both depth can be descended1；
2) collapse resistance under coiled tubing axial tension stress is utilized to check, inverse acts the coiled tubing and meets Anti -collapse
When minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t2；
3) act the thickness of pipe wall measured value of coiled tubing using instrument for detecting wall thickness test site, and by thickness of pipe wall measured value with
The greater in two minimum wall thickness (MINI W.)s that step 1) is calculated with step 2) compares, if thickness of pipe wall measured value be more than step 1) and
Step 2) calculated value, then speed column water pumping gas production can be reused as by playing out coiled tubing；Conversely, cannot.
Preferably, in the step 1), coiled tubing tensile strength is calculated by following formula：
Pj=Yp[π(D2-d2)/4] (1)
In formula：PjFor minimum tensile strength, MPa；YPFor minimum nominal-ultimate strength, MPa；D is tube body name outside diameter, mm；
D is internal diameter of tube body, mm.
Preferably, in the step 1), coiled tubing can descend depth to be calculated by following formula：
Wherein：
q1=gk (D-t1)t1 (3)
In formula：H1Depth, m can be descended for maximum；PjFor minimum tensile strength, N；M is safety coefficient；q1For unit length
Weight, N/m；t1The wall thickness of coiled tubing, mm during to meet tensile strength and depth can be descended；G is acceleration of gravity；K is constant；
D is tube body name outside diameter, mm；D is internal diameter of tube body, mm.
Preferably, in the step 2), collapse resistance is calculated by following formula under coiled tubing axial tension stress：
In formula：YPaFor the equivalent yield strength under axial stress, kPa；FAFor axial stress, kPa；YPBent for minimum name
Take intensity, kPa；
Wherein：
G=H1q2 (7)
q2=gk (D-t2)t2 (8)
In formula：G conducts oneself with dignity for tube body, N；SAFor coiled tubing cross-sectional area, m2；D is internal diameter of tube body, mm；D is internal diameter of tube body,
mm；H1For depth of setting, m；q2For the weight of unit length, N/m；t2Required minimal wall when meeting Anti -collapse for coiled tubing
Thickness, mm；G is acceleration of gravity；K is constant.
Preferably, in the step 2), coiled tubing collapse resistance is the anti-working rig injection head of coiled tubing to even
The chucking power of continuous oil pipe.
Preferably, collapse resistance is calculated by following formula：
Ypa=N/1000S (9)
N=5G (10)
S=DH (11)
In formula：YpaTo act the collapse resistance of coiled tubing；N is injection head chucking power, N；S for injection head grip block with
Coiled tubing contact area, m2；G --- tube body is conducted oneself with dignity, N；D --- tube body name outside diameter, mm；H is injection head grip block and company
Continuous oil pipe contact height, m.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
This method has eliminated out coiled tubing sampling and has carried out the cumbersome formality of test evaluation in laboratory, accelerates use
Speed column water pumping gas production gas well liquid loading progress；Whether use this method rapidly and accurately to have judged coiled tubing can be with
It is a kind of effective and feasible evaluation method for going out coiled tubing tubing as speed column water pumping gas production.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to example by computational methods of the present invention
It is described in further detail.
The method for rapidly judging for acting coiled tubing and being used as speed column water pumping gas production of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1) calculate coiled tubing tensile strength and depth can be descended, inverse, which acts the coiled tubing, to be needed while meet both
Minimum wall thickness (MINI W.).
When carrying out well operations under coiled tubing for certain a well, when coiled tubing reaches depth under maximum, due to tube body
Conduct oneself with dignity and the tensile load maximum of line up generation, therefore, pipe there will be enough wall thickness, to ensure the coiled tubing of well head not
Break.
Coiled tubing tensile strength is calculated by following formula：
Pj=Yp[π(D2-d2)/4] (1)
In formula：PjFor minimum tensile strength, MPa；YPFor minimum nominal-ultimate strength, MPa；D is tube body name outside diameter, mm；
D is internal diameter of tube body, mm.
Coiled tubing can descend depth to be calculated by following formula：
Wherein：
q1=gk (D-t1)t1 (3)
In formula：H1Depth, m can be descended for maximum；PjFor minimum tensile strength, N；M is safety coefficient, 1.30~1.50；q1For
The weight of unit length, N/m；t1The wall thickness of coiled tubing, mm during to meet tensile strength and depth can be descended；G accelerates for gravity
Degree, 9.8N/kg；K is constant, 0.0246615；D is tube body name outside diameter, mm；D is internal diameter of tube body, mm.
By formula (1), (2), (3), (4) composition equation group, d can be solved, so calculate coiled tubing meet it is a certain
Required minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t when lower deep1。
2) collapse resistance under coiled tubing axial tension stress is utilized to check, inverse acts the coiled tubing and meets Anti -collapse
When minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t2。
When coiled tubing is up to maximum lower depth, tensile load suffered by tube body is maximum, the injection head pair on coild tubing unit
The chucking power of coiled tubing is maximum, to ensure coiled tubing without sliding and elephant trunk, so when outer agent intensity suffered by coiled tubing most
Greatly, therefore, pipe will have enough wall thickness, to ensure that it is flat that the coiled tubing of well head is not pressed from both sides.
Collapse resistance is calculated by following formula under coiled tubing axial tension stress：
In formula：YPaFor the equivalent yield strength under axial stress, kPa；FAFor axial stress, kPa；YPBent for minimum name
Take intensity, kPa；
Wherein：
G=H1q2 (7)
q2=gk (D-t2)t2 (8)
In formula：G conducts oneself with dignity for tube body, N；SAFor coiled tubing cross-sectional area, m2；D is internal diameter of tube body, mm；D is internal diameter of tube body,
mm；H1For depth of setting, m；q2For the weight of unit length, N/m；t2Required minimal wall when meeting Anti -collapse for coiled tubing
Thickness, mm；G is acceleration of gravity；K is constant.
During the wellbore operations of the old well of coiled tubing tripping in hydrops, gas well is in production status, and the pressure outside coiled tubing is very
Low, which can be neglected the outer agent power of coiled tubing, main to consider coild tubing unit injection head to coiled tubing
Chucking power, which is collapsing pressure.
Collapse resistance is calculated by following formula：
Ypa=N/1000S (9)
N=5G (10)
S=DH (11)
In formula：YpaTo act the collapse resistance of coiled tubing；N is injection head chucking power, N；S for injection head grip block with
Coiled tubing contact area, m2；G --- tube body is conducted oneself with dignity, N；D --- tube body name outside diameter, mm；H is injection head grip block and company
Continuous oil pipe contact height, m.
3) act the thickness of pipe wall measured value of coiled tubing using instrument for detecting wall thickness test site, and by thickness of pipe wall measured value with
The greater in two minimum wall thickness (MINI W.)s that step 1) is calculated with step 2) compares, if thickness of pipe wall measured value be more than step 1) and
Step 2) calculated value, then speed column water pumping gas production can be reused as by playing out coiled tubing；Conversely, cannot.
Specific embodiment is given below to further illustrate the present invention.
Sulige gas field Soviet Union of long celebrating Soviet Union A wells, after carrying out speed column water pumping gas production 5 years using domestic CT70 coiled tubings, revive A
Well is substantially exhausted, plans coiled tubing, Soviet Union's B wells of tripping in hydrops carry on speed column draining after tubing detection is qualified
Gas production.Domestic CT70 coiled tubings minimum nominal-ultimate strength YPFor 483MPa, tube body name outer diameter D is 38.1mm, and Soviet Union's B wells are set
Count depth H under coiled tubing11.3 are taken for 3230m, safety coefficient m, these known parameters are substituted into formula (1), (2), (3), (4)
In, solve internal diameter of tube body d=33.6mm, corresponding tube body wall thickness t1For 2.25mm.
The domestic LG180/38 types coild tubing unit that this lowering-in operation uses, its injection head grip block and continuous oil
Pipe contact area S is 0.04572m2, injection head grip block and coiled tubing contact height H are 1.2m, by all of the above parameter generation
Enter in formula (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), solve internal diameter of tube body d=33.16mm, corresponding tube body wall thickness
t2For 2.47mm.
To sum up calculate, could meet B wells speed of reviving when the wall thickness that the coiled tubing that Soviet Union's A wells go out measures have to be larger than 2.47mm
Spend the requirement of tubing string water pumping gas production.When pipe operation is played at scene, multigroup wall thickness, wherein minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) are tested using instrument for detecting wall thickness
For 2.95mm, this shows that Soviet Union's A wells act the coiled tubing and can be reused as Soviet Union's B well speed column water pumping gas productions.
The invention is not limited in above-described embodiment, on the basis of technical solution disclosed by the invention, the skill of this area
Art personnel are according to disclosed technology contents, it is not necessary to which performing creative labour can make one to some of which technical characteristic
A little to replace and deform, these are replaced and deformation is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production, it is characterised in that：Including following
Step：
1) calculate coiled tubing tensile strength and can descend depth, inverse rise the coiled tubing need to meet at the same time tensile strength with
The minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t of depth can be descended1；
2) collapse resistance under coiled tubing axial tension stress is utilized to check, inverse is risen when the coiled tubing meets Anti -collapse
Minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) t2；
3) act the thickness of pipe wall measured value of coiled tubing using instrument for detecting wall thickness test site, and by thickness of pipe wall measured value and step
1) the greater in two minimum wall thickness (MINI W.)s calculated with step 2) compares, if thickness of pipe wall measured value is more than step 1) and step
2) calculated value, then speed column water pumping gas production can be reused as by playing out coiled tubing；Conversely, cannot.
2. according to claim 1 goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production, it is special
Sign is：In the step 1), coiled tubing tensile strength is calculated by following formula：
Pj=Yp[π(D2-d2)/4] (1)
In formula：PjFor minimum tensile strength, MPa；YPFor minimum nominal-ultimate strength, MPa；D is tube body name outside diameter, mm；D is
Internal diameter of tube body, mm.
3. according to claim 1 goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production, it is special
Sign is：In the step 1), coiled tubing can descend depth to be calculated by following formula：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>mq</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein：
q1=gk (D-t1)t1 (3)
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>D</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>d</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula：H1Depth, m can be descended for maximum；PjFor minimum tensile strength, N；M is safety coefficient；q1For the weight of unit length,
N/m；t1The wall thickness of coiled tubing, mm during to meet tensile strength and depth can be descended；G is acceleration of gravity；K is constant；D is pipe
Body name outside diameter, mm；D is internal diameter of tube body, mm.
4. according to claim 1 goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production, it is special
Sign is：In the step 2), collapse resistance is calculated by following formula under coiled tubing axial tension stress：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>0.75</mn>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</msub>
<mo>/</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>0.5</mn>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</msub>
<mo>/</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula：YPaFor the equivalent yield strength under axial stress, kPa；FAFor axial stress, kPa；YPIt is strong for minimum nominal yield
Degree, kPa；
Wherein：
G=H1q2 (7)
q2=gk (D-t2)t2 (8)
In formula：G conducts oneself with dignity for tube body, N；SAFor coiled tubing cross-sectional area, m2；D is internal diameter of tube body, mm；D is internal diameter of tube body, mm；
H1For depth of setting, m；q2For the weight of unit length, N/m；t2Required minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) when meeting Anti -collapse for coiled tubing,
mm；G is acceleration of gravity；K is constant.
5. according to claim 1 goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production, it is special
Sign is：In the step 2), folder of the coiled tubing collapse resistance for the anti-working rig injection head of coiled tubing to coiled tubing
Holding force.
6. according to claim 5 goes out the method for rapidly judging that coiled tubing is used as speed column water pumping gas production, it is special
Sign is：Collapse resistance is calculated by following formula：
Ypa=N/1000S (9)
N=5G (10)
S=DH (11)
In formula：YpaTo act the collapse resistance of coiled tubing；N is injection head chucking power, N；S is for injection head grip block and continuously
Oil pipe contact area, m2；G --- tube body is conducted oneself with dignity, N；D --- tube body name outside diameter, mm；H is injection head grip block and continuous oil
Pipe contact height, m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711064635.8A CN107939375B (en) | 2017-11-02 | 2017-11-02 | Quick judgment method for water drainage and gas production by taking out coiled tubing as velocity string |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711064635.8A CN107939375B (en) | 2017-11-02 | 2017-11-02 | Quick judgment method for water drainage and gas production by taking out coiled tubing as velocity string |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107939375A true CN107939375A (en) | 2018-04-20 |
| CN107939375B CN107939375B (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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ID=61934237
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6004639A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-12-21 | Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. | Composite spoolable tube with sensor |
| US20060101914A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic emission inspection of coiled tubing |
| US20110154908A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-06-30 | Mckee L Michael | Life monitor for a well access line |
| CN102465671A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-23 | 常萍 | Triaxial stress strength designing method for vertical well casing string |
| CN103726796A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | 代文姣 | Tri-axial stress strength design method |
-
2017
- 2017-11-02 CN CN201711064635.8A patent/CN107939375B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6004639A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-12-21 | Fiberspar Spoolable Products, Inc. | Composite spoolable tube with sensor |
| US20060101914A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic emission inspection of coiled tubing |
| US20110154908A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-06-30 | Mckee L Michael | Life monitor for a well access line |
| CN102465671A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-23 | 常萍 | Triaxial stress strength designing method for vertical well casing string |
| CN103726796A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | 代文姣 | Tri-axial stress strength design method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 朱加强等: "含圆锥形腐蚀坑油管的剩余强度研究", 《钢管》 * |
| 白晓弘等: "连续油管速度管柱带压起管及管材重复利用", 《石油钻采工艺》 * |
| 祝成龙: "连续油管在含H2S/CO2环境中的腐蚀行为研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库.工程科技I辑》 * |
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| CN107939375B (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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