CN107936149B - Preparation method of photovoltaic-grade PVB resin - Google Patents

Preparation method of photovoltaic-grade PVB resin Download PDF

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CN107936149B
CN107936149B CN201711381356.4A CN201711381356A CN107936149B CN 107936149 B CN107936149 B CN 107936149B CN 201711381356 A CN201711381356 A CN 201711381356A CN 107936149 B CN107936149 B CN 107936149B
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CN107936149A (en
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王世伟
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Changchun University of Technology
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    • C08F8/00Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/28Condensation with aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of photovoltaic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, which comprises the following steps: A) dissolving butyraldehyde in an organic solvent to obtain a butyraldehyde solution; the organic solvent is one or more of n-hexane, epichlorohydrin, cyclohexane, dioxane, diethyl ether and n-butane; the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the organic solvent is 1: (0.1 to 10); B) and (2) firstly, sequentially dropwise adding 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution into the PVA aqueous solution, then dropwise adding the rest 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and the rest 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution, and reacting under stirring conditions to obtain the PVB resin. The PVA and the butyraldehyde in the invention are contacted and polymerized at the interface of the two solutions, the obtained PVB is directly separated out, the yield and the purity of the PVB are improved, the light transmittance of the prepared PVB laminated glass reaches more than 87%, and the repetition rate and the production reliability are very high.

Description

Preparation method of photovoltaic-grade PVB resin
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of photovoltaic-grade PVB resin.
Background
In recent years, the research and development and industrialization of new solar photovoltaic become a popular topic in the scientific and industrial fields, including: silicon cell, dye sensitization photovoltaic cell, organic polymer film battery, perovskite film battery etc. with the continuous progress of research level, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of film battery can exceed 20%, the stability of device has become the key technology bottleneck that restricts novel film battery industrialization, though people improve the stability of photovoltaic device through multiple means and technique, in the in-service use, the stability and the protection of product still need rely on the encapsulation of battery, only high-quality encapsulation can guarantee that photovoltaic product can bear complicated environment such as external light, heat, oxygen, water for a long time, guarantee its use many years.
The most common packaging material of the traditional photovoltaic module is EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), which has good light transmittance, flexibility, cohesiveness, operability and insulativity, but the material has a structure which is not compact enough, high water vapor transmittance, unstable chemical structure of the material and easy degradation in an ultraviolet environment, and tertiary hydrogen and acetate exist in a molecular structure and are easy to be oxidized and hydrolyzed, so that the phenomena of yellowing, delamination, air bubbles, electrode corrosion and the like of the EVA are caused in the using process, the performance and the service life of the photovoltaic module are seriously influenced, and the problems of abnormal appearance, power reduction, battery grid line discoloration, snail marks and the like of the module are caused.
PVB (polyvinyl butyral) is a thermoplastic adhesive film, a hydroxyl structure provides strong tear strength and good adhesion with glass or plastics, and a six-membered ring structure of the butyral improves the strength and non-crystallinity of a molecular chain. Compared with EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), PVB (polyvinyl butyral) has longer storage period, is not crosslinked and cured, has better weather resistance, flexibility and impact resistance, lower water vapor permeation and outdoor service life of 50 years, is widely applied to double-glass photovoltaic modules and BIVP (biaxially oriented polypropylene) materials, has good bonding performance to glass fragments, and uses a thermoplastic PVB film instead of EVA as an encapsulating material due to factors such as safety, product reliability and the like. The PVB film is obtained by extruding PVB resin under the action of a plasticizer, and in the synthesis process of the PVB resin, the transmittance of PVB laminated glass is low and is not more than 80 percent at most due to factors such as incomplete condensation polymerization, overlarge residual aldehyde amount, incomplete cleaning of a surfactant and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of photovoltaic-grade PVB resin, and the light transmittance of laminated glass of the PVB resin prepared by the preparation method is more than 87%.
The invention provides a preparation method of photovoltaic PVB resin, which comprises the following steps:
A) dissolving butyraldehyde in an organic solvent to obtain a butyraldehyde solution;
the organic solvent is one or more of n-hexane, epichlorohydrin, cyclohexane, dioxane, diethyl ether and n-butane;
the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the organic solvent is 1: (0.1 to 10);
B) and (2) firstly, sequentially dropwise adding 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution into the PVA aqueous solution, then dropwise adding the rest 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and the rest 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution, and reacting under stirring conditions to obtain the PVB resin.
Preferably, the mass ratio of PVA to water in the aqueous PVA solution is 1: (0.5-15).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the PVA is (0.01-1): 1.
preferably, the mass ratio of the sum of the masses of PVA and butyraldehyde to the mass of the acid solution is 100: (0.1-15).
Preferably, the acid solution is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid.
Preferably, the reaction temperature is 5-40 ℃;
the reaction time is 1-4 hours.
Preferably, the PVA is PVA1799 resin.
Preferably, the aqueous PVA solution is prepared by the following steps:
the PVA resin was dissolved in water at 80 ℃ and returned to room temperature after complete dissolution.
Preferably, the dropping speed of the acid solution is 0.03-1 mL/s; the dropping speed of the butyraldehyde solution is 0.3-10 mL/s.
The traditional PVB resin preparation method is characterized in that butyraldehyde is dropwise added into a PVA aqueous solution and is subjected to polycondensation under the catalytic action of hydrochloric acid, meanwhile, a surfactant (emulsifier) is dropwise added in the process to ensure the dispersion of the PVB resin, then the emulsifier and residual butyraldehyde are removed through a large amount of water washing processes, the whole process needs a large amount of water, the emulsifier and butyraldehyde are difficult to clean, the purity of the PVB resin is not high enough, and the light transmittance of the finally prepared PVB laminated glass is limited.
The invention provides a preparation method of photovoltaic PVB resin, which comprises the following steps: A) dissolving butyraldehyde in an organic solvent to obtain a butyraldehyde solution; the organic solvent is one or more of n-hexane, epichlorohydrin, cyclohexane, dioxane, diethyl ether and n-butane; the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the organic solvent is 1: (0.1 to 10); B) and (2) firstly, sequentially dropwise adding 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution into the PVA aqueous solution, then dropwise adding the rest 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and the rest 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution, and reacting under stirring conditions to obtain the PVB resin.
According to the invention, PVA and butyraldehyde are respectively dissolved in two mutually incompatible solvents, and after the two solutions are mixed, the PVA and butyraldehyde are contacted and polymerized at the interface of the two solutions, so that the polymerization speed is controlled, the PVB obtained by polymerization is directly separated out from the system, no emulsifier is involved, the butyraldehyde is not separated out along with the PVB, the yield and purity of the PVB are greatly improved, the light transmittance of the prepared PVB laminated glass can reach more than 87%, and the repetition rate and production reliability are very high.
Experimental results show that the volatile matter of the polyvinyl butyral resin provided by the invention is less than or equal to 1.3%, the acid value is less than or equal to 0.05mgKOH/g, the content of butyraldehyde groups is 74.0-77.0%, the viscosity is 80-150S, the haze is less than or equal to 0.4, and the melt index is 0.9-1.3 g/10 min. The light transmittance of the laminated glass is more than or equal to 87 percent, the tensile strength of the PVB film is more than 20mpa, and the elongation at break is more than 200 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of photovoltaic PVB resin, which comprises the following steps:
A) dissolving butyraldehyde in an organic solvent to obtain a butyraldehyde solution;
the organic solvent is one or more of n-hexane, epichlorohydrin, cyclohexane, dioxane, diethyl ether and n-butane;
the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the organic solvent is 1: (0.1 to 10);
B) and (2) firstly, sequentially dropwise adding 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution into the PVA aqueous solution, then dropwise adding the rest 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and the rest 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution, and reacting under stirring conditions to obtain the PVB resin.
In the invention, preferably, at 80 ℃, PVA resin (polyvinyl alcohol) is dissolved in water, and after the PVA resin is completely dissolved, the temperature is returned to room temperature to obtain PVA water solution;
the PVA resin can be one or more of PVA1788, PVA1792 and PVA 1799. Preferably PVA1799 resin, and the mass ratio of the PVA to the water is preferably 1: (0.5 to 15), more preferably 1: (1-10);
the organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent which is insoluble in water and PVB, such as one or more of n-hexane, epichlorohydrin, cyclohexane, dioxane, diethyl ether and n-butane; the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the organic solvent is 1: (0.1 to 10), preferably 1: (1 to 8), more preferably 1: (3-6), specifically, the ratio may be 1: 5.
According to the invention, a part of acid liquor is firstly dripped into a PVA aqueous solution, the dripped amount is 1/2 of the total amount of the acid liquor, then butyraldehyde solution is dripped under the condition of full stirring, when the dripping amount is half, the rest 1/2 amount of acid liquor is dripped, and finally the rest 1/2 amount of butyraldehyde solution is dripped, strong stirring is carried out for reaction, after the reaction is finished, PVB resin is precipitated and separated out in a mixed solution, and a small amount of water is used for washing and spin-drying, so that the PVB resin is obtained.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the PVA is preferably (0.01 to 1): 1, more preferably (0.06-0.6): 1; the mass ratio of the sum of the masses of PVA and butyraldehyde to the mass of the acid solution is preferably 100: (0.1 to 15), more preferably 100: (0.1 to 10.6);
the acid solution is preferably one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid;
the reaction temperature is preferably 5-40 ℃, more preferably 10-35 ℃, and most preferably 15-30 ℃; the reaction time is preferably 1 to 4 hours, and more preferably 2 to 3 hours.
The dropping speed of the acid solution is preferably 0.03-1 mL/s, more preferably 0.1-0.8 mL/s, and most preferably 0.3-0.5 mL/s; the dropping speed of the butyraldehyde solution is preferably 0.3-10 mL/s, more preferably 1-8 mL/s, and most preferably 3-5 mL/s.
The invention provides a preparation method of PVB resin for photovoltaic cell encapsulation, which comprises the following steps: A) dissolving butyraldehyde in an organic solvent to obtain a butyraldehyde solution; the organic solvent is one or more of n-hexane, epichlorohydrin, cyclohexane, dioxane, diethyl ether and n-butane; the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the organic solvent is 1: (0.1 to 10); B) and (2) firstly, sequentially dropwise adding 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution into the PVA aqueous solution, then dropwise adding the rest 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and the rest 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution, and reacting under stirring conditions to obtain the PVB resin.
According to the invention, PVA and butyraldehyde are respectively dissolved in two mutually incompatible solvents, and after the two solutions are mixed, the PVA and butyraldehyde are contacted and polymerized at the interface of the two solutions, so that the polymerization speed is controlled, the PVB obtained by polymerization is directly separated out from the system, no emulsifier is involved, the butyraldehyde is not separated out along with the PVB, the yield and purity of the PVB are greatly improved, the light transmittance of the prepared PVB laminated glass can reach more than 87%, and the repetition rate and production reliability are very high.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe the preparation of a photovoltaic grade PVB resin in detail, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
100g of PVA1799 resin was weighed and dissolved in 1kg of water at 80 ℃ and the solution was returned to room temperature after the PVA was completely dissolved. 60g of butyraldehyde is dissolved in 300g of n-hexane, after the butyraldehyde is fully stirred and dissolved uniformly, 0.8g of hydrochloric acid is dripped into a PVA (polyvinyl acetate) aqueous solution, then the n-hexane solution of butyraldehyde is dripped under the condition of full stirring, when the n-hexane solution is dripped to half, 0.8g of hydrochloric acid is dripped, then the rest butyraldehyde solution is dripped, the strong stirring reaction is carried out for 2 hours, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin is precipitated and separated out in a mixed solution, and a small amount of water is.
Example 2
1kg of PVA1799 resin was weighed and dissolved in 1kg of water at 80 ℃ and after the PVA was completely dissolved, the solution was returned to room temperature. 60g of butyraldehyde is dissolved in 300g of n-hexane, after the butyraldehyde is fully stirred and dissolved uniformly, 55g of hydrochloric acid is dripped into a PVA aqueous solution, then the n-hexane solution of butyraldehyde is dripped under the condition of full stirring, when the n-hexane solution is dripped to half, 58g of hydrochloric acid is dripped, then the rest butyraldehyde solution is dripped, the strong stirring reaction is carried out for 2 hours, PVB resin is precipitated and separated out in a mixed solution, and a small amount of water is washed and dried.
Example 3
1kg of PVA1799 resin was weighed and dissolved in 1kg of water at 80 ℃ and after the PVA was completely dissolved, the solution was returned to room temperature. 60g of butyraldehyde is dissolved in 300g of dioxane solvent, after the butyraldehyde is fully stirred and dissolved uniformly, 55g of hydrochloric acid is dripped into a PVA aqueous solution, then the dioxane solution of butyraldehyde is dripped under the condition of full stirring, when the dioxane solution is dripped to half, 58g of hydrochloric acid is dripped, then the rest butyraldehyde solution is dripped, the strong stirring reaction is carried out for 2 hours, PVB resin is precipitated and separated out in a mixed solution, and a small amount of water is washed and dried.
Example 4
1kg of PVA1799 resin was weighed and dissolved in 1kg of water at 85 ℃ and after the PVA was completely dissolved, the solution was returned to room temperature. 60g of butyraldehyde is dissolved in 300g of dioxane solvent, after the butyraldehyde is fully stirred and dissolved uniformly, 55g of hydrochloric acid is dripped into a PVA aqueous solution, then the dioxane solution of butyraldehyde is dripped under the condition of full stirring, when the dioxane solution is dripped to half, 58g of hydrochloric acid is dripped, then the rest butyraldehyde solution is dripped, the strong stirring reaction is carried out for 2 hours, PVB resin is precipitated and separated out in a mixed solution, and a small amount of water is washed and dried.
Comparative example 1
Weighing 500g of PVA1799 resin, dissolving in 4.5kg of water at 85 ℃, after PVA is completely dissolved, returning the solution to room temperature, stirring and dissolving uniformly, slowly dripping 75g of hydrochloric acid in the PVA aqueous solution, dripping 260g of butyraldehyde, stirring sufficiently under ice bath condition, dripping 80g of hydrochloric acid, dripping 260g of butyraldehyde solution, stirring and reacting for 2 hours with strong force, precipitating and separating out PVB resin in the mixed solution, washing with a large amount of water, adjusting the pH value to be about 7 by using NaOH solution, and washing and drying.
Comparative example 2
Weighing 500g of PVA1799 resin, dissolving the PVA1799 resin in 8.0kg of water at 85 ℃, after the PVA is completely dissolved, returning the solution to room temperature, fully stirring and dissolving uniformly, slowly dropwise adding 100g of 20% hydrochloric acid into the PVA aqueous solution, then dropwise adding 580g of butyraldehyde, fully stirring under an ice bath condition, cooling the reaction system to room temperature, slowly adding 30g of antioxidant 1766, strongly stirring and reacting for 2 hours, precipitating and separating out the PVB resin in the mixed solution, washing with a large amount of water, adjusting the pH value to about 7 by using a NaOH solution, and washing and spin-drying.
Comparative example 3
Weighing 500g of PVA1799 resin, dissolving in 8.0kg of water at 85 ℃, recovering the solution to room temperature after PVA is completely dissolved, after the PVA is fully stirred and dissolved uniformly, slowly dripping 3.0g of 10% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into the PVA aqueous solution, then dripping 280g of butyraldehyde, fully stirring under ice conditions, reducing the reaction system to room temperature, slowly adding 40g of antioxidant 1766, dripping 3.0g of 10% hydrochloric acid under strong stirring, then dripping 280g of butyraldehyde, reacting for 2 hours under strong stirring, precipitating and separating out PVB resin in the mixed solution, washing with a large amount of water, adjusting the pH value to about 7 by using NaOH solution, and washing and spin-drying.
Comparative example 4
Weighing 500g of PVA1799 resin, dissolving in 5.5kg of water at 85 ℃, after PVA is completely dissolved, returning the solution to room temperature, adding 10g of sodium dodecyl sulfate powder under stirring, after the mixture is fully stirred and dissolved uniformly, slowly dripping 75g of 20% dilute hydrochloric acid into PVA aqueous solution, dripping 260g of butyraldehyde, fully stirring under ice bath, dripping 80g of hydrochloric acid, dripping 260g of butyraldehyde solution, strongly stirring for reaction for 2 hours, precipitating and separating PVB resin in the mixed solution, washing with a large amount of water, adjusting the pH value to about 7 by using NaOH solution, and washing with water and drying.
TABLE 1 Performance parameters of PVB products in inventive examples 1-4 and comparative examples
Figure BDA0001515709400000061
Figure BDA0001515709400000071
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of photovoltaic grade PVB resin comprises the following steps:
A) dissolving butyraldehyde in an organic solvent to obtain a butyraldehyde solution;
the organic solvent is one or more of n-hexane, epichlorohydrin, cyclohexane, diethyl ether and n-butane;
the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the organic solvent is 1: (0.1 to 10);
B) sequentially dropwise adding 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution into a PVA aqueous solution, then dropwise adding the rest 1/2 amounts of acid liquor and the rest 1/2 amounts of butyraldehyde solution, and reacting under stirring to obtain PVB resin;
the dropping speed of the acid liquor is 0.03-1 mL/s; the dropping speed of the butyraldehyde solution is 0.3-10 mL/s.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of PVA to water in the aqueous PVA solution is 1: (0.5-15).
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the butyraldehyde to the PVA is (0.01-1): 1.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the mass sum of PVA and butyraldehyde to the mass of acid solution is 100: (0.1-15).
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the acid solution is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 5 to 40 ℃ and the reaction time is 1 to 4 hours.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PVA is a PVA1799 resin.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous PVA solution is prepared by the following steps:
the PVA resin was dissolved in water at 80 ℃ and returned to room temperature after complete dissolution.
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US5187217A (en) * 1987-04-02 1993-02-16 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Process for the production of a plasticized polyvinyl butyral for gluing a base onto a glazing

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CN102690379A (en) * 2012-06-18 2012-09-26 四川宝利丰科技有限公司 Method for preparing polyvinyl butyral high-polymer resin
CN102746431B (en) * 2012-07-19 2014-04-30 安徽皖维集团有限责任公司 Method for preparing polyvinyl butyral resin by using polyvinyl acetate as raw material
CN103183756A (en) * 2013-04-03 2013-07-03 东莞市龙怡阻燃材料有限公司 Polyvinyl butyral resin, preparation method and usage thereof
CN104059189A (en) * 2014-06-13 2014-09-24 浙江德斯泰塑胶有限公司 Preparation method of photovoltaic special polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin
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