CN107935242B - Red mud leachate wastewater treatment process - Google Patents
Red mud leachate wastewater treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, which comprises the steps of pumping red mud leachate into a regulating tank for homogenization treatment, and then pumping the red mud leachate into a primary sedimentation tank for preliminary sedimentation of solid impurities in the red mud leachate; discharging the supernatant into an aeration neutralization tank, and discharging sludge at the bottom of the tank into a sludge concentration tank; in the aeration neutralization tank, the pH value of the red mud percolate is reduced to be below 9.0, and effluent is pumped into a coagulation tank for coagulation reaction; then pumping the supernatant into a sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation, pumping the supernatant into an adsorption tower for adsorption, then discharging the supernatant into a clean water tank, and then discharging the supernatant, and pumping the sludge into a sludge concentration tank; pumping supernatant in the sludge concentration tank into a regulating tank, pumping the concentrated sludge into a plate-and-frame filter press, pumping filter liquor after filter pressing into the regulating tank, and loading filter cakes into a hazardous waste device for transporting or recovering metal elements in the hazardous waste device. The invention adopts the combined process of aeration neutralization, coagulating sedimentation and physical adsorption to treat the red mud leachate, has simple process and low cost, is easy to popularize and apply in large scale, and the red mud leachate treated by the method can reach the standard and be discharged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment, in particular to a red mud leachate wastewater treatment process.
Background
Red mud is solid or semi-solid powdery solid waste produced in alumina industry, which is rich in ferric ions and is red or reddish brown. About 1.5 tons of red mud are produced per 1 ton of alumina produced. By 2016, global red mud inventory exceeds 30 million tons, and is increasing at a rate of 1.2 million tons per year. The annual output of red mud in China exceeds 0.6 million tons, the total stock quantity exceeds 4.0 million tons,
red mud is an industrial solid waste with many undesirable characteristics, such as corrosivity, salinity, leaching toxicity, radioactivity, etc. The poor characteristics of the red mud limit the resource utilization degree of the red mud, and the recovery utilization rate of the red mud in China does not exceed 10 percent of the annual output of the red mud. In the face of such a huge amount of red mud, most alumina plants can only store and dispose of the red mud after being discharged.
The red mud can generate leachate with extremely high alkalinity during stockpiling and can not be directly discharged into surrounding natural water bodies. The red mud leachate is generally collected and recycled by an alumina plant, or is pumped into the top of a yard again for natural evaporation. However, once extreme weather such as heavy rain occurs, the amount of red mud leachate increases dramatically, which brings high environmental risk to the area around the red mud yard. Therefore, the red mud leachate needs to be effectively treated, the alkalinity of the red mud leachate is reduced, toxic metal ions in the red mud leachate are removed, the red mud leachate can be discharged after reaching the standard, and the pollution risk of the red mud leachate is thoroughly eliminated.
According to the primary standard of the Integrated wastewater discharge Standard GB 8978-1996 in China, if the red mud leachate is directly discharged into the surrounding water body, the pH value of the red mud needs to be reduced to 6-9, the SS needs to be reduced to within 70, and the chroma needs to be reduced to within 50. Toxic ions which are easy to exceed the standard in the red mud leachate also need to be controlled, the total arsenic needs to be reduced to be within 0.5mg/L, and the fluoride needs to be reduced to be within 10 mg/L. Although the comprehensive wastewater discharge standard does not specify the content of aluminum ions, the high-concentration aluminum ions in the red mud leachate which often exceed 1000mg/L also need to be properly controlled.
When the red mud leachate is treated by a biological method, because the leachate does not contain organic substances, a carbon and nitrogen source needs to be additionally introduced, so that the treatment cost is increased, toxic ions in the red mud leachate can generate a strong inhibition effect on the metabolism of microorganisms, and the treatment efficiency of the biological method is reduced. When the red mud leachate is treated by adopting an inorganic acid or organic acid neutralization method, a large amount of inorganic acid or organic acid is consumed due to extremely high alkalinity and a pH value generally exceeding 12.0, the cost is difficult to control, toxic ions in the red mud cannot be effectively removed by the acid neutralization method, and a certain environmental risk is brought.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing methods and technologies, the invention adopts a combined process of aeration neutralization, coagulating sedimentation and physical adsorption to treat the red mud leachate, and the method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and easy large-scale popularization and application, and the red mud leachate treated by the method can reach the standard discharge.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The red mud leachate wastewater treatment process provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) pumping the red mud percolate into an adjusting tank for homogenization treatment;
(2) pumping the red mud percolate subjected to homogenization treatment in the regulating tank into a primary sedimentation tank, and primarily precipitating solid impurities in the red mud percolate; the hydraulic retention time of the primary sedimentation tank is more than 30min, supernatant in the primary sedimentation tank is discharged into the aeration neutralization tank, and sludge is periodically discharged from the bottom of the primary sedimentation tank and enters the sludge concentration tank;
(3) in the aeration neutralization tank, a large amount of air enters the tank body from the microporous aerator, along with the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide in the air, the pH value of the red mud leachate is gradually reduced, aluminum ions form aluminum hydroxide colloid, arsenic ions are captured or adsorbed in amorphous boehmite and dawsonite mineral forms to form coprecipitation, and the aluminum ions and the arsenic ions in the red mud leachate are reduced; the pH value of the red mud percolate in the aeration neutralization pond is reduced to be below 9.0, and water is discharged;
(4) pumping the red mud percolate treated in the aeration neutralization tank into a coagulation tank for coagulation reaction, wherein aluminum hydroxide colloid forms a flocculating constituent to facilitate precipitation separation;
(5) pumping the red mud leachate in the coagulation tank into a sedimentation tank, carrying out solid-liquid separation reaction, removing most of SS and chroma in the red mud leachate, enabling the hydraulic retention time to be more than 120min, and pumping the supernatant after solid-liquid separation into an adsorption tower; the sludge after solid-liquid separation is pumped into a sludge concentration tank at regular intervals;
(6) further removing residual toxic ions and chroma in the supernatant in an adsorption tower; liquid flowing out of the adsorption tower enters a clean water tank and is discharged;
(7) pumping supernatant in the sludge concentration tank into a regulating tank, pumping concentrated sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a plate-and-frame filter press through a sludge pump, pumping filter liquor after filter pressing into the regulating tank, and loading filter cakes into a hazardous waste device for internal and external transportation or recovering metal elements in the hazardous waste device.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
In the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, the coagulant used in the coagulation reaction in the step (4) is a polyacrylamide solution with a mass concentration of 4-8%, the addition amount of the polyacrylamide solution is 1-4 per mill of the volume of the wastewater, and the coagulation reaction time is 30-60 min.
In the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, the toxic ions in the step (6) at least include fluorine ions, arsenic ions and aluminum ions.
In the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, a stirrer is arranged in the adjusting tank, and the stirring speed is 20-40 rpm.
In the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, the aeration intensity of the microporous aerator in the aeration neutralization tank is more than 15m3/m2h。
In the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, a stirring device is arranged in the coagulation tank, and the stirring speed of the stirring device is 40-80 rpm.
In the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, the filler in the adsorption tower is zeolite or activated carbon, and the liquid flowing out of the adsorption tower enters a clean water tank and is discharged.
In the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process, the adjusting tank, the primary sedimentation tank and the aeration neutralization tank are subjected to anti-corrosion treatment by adopting three-cloth five-oil.
By means of the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention adopts the micropore aeration method to reduce the alkalinity of the red mud percolate, avoids the defect that the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the biological treatment method is easily inhibited by the toxicity of the red mud percolate, and also avoids the higher environmental risk of the acid neutralization method. Aluminum ions form aluminum hydroxide colloid by reducing the pH value of the red mud leachate, arsenic ions are captured or adsorbed in mineral forms such as amorphous boehmite, dawsonite and the like to form coprecipitation in the process, the aluminum ions and the arsenic ions in the red mud leachate are removed through flocculation precipitation reaction, and finally fluoride ions and chromaticity in the red mud leachate are further removed through physical adsorption of zeolite or activated carbon, so that the treated red mud leachate meets the primary standard of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard GB 8978-1996 and can be discharged up to the standard. The method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and easy large-scale application, and is suitable for the industrial treatment of the red mud leachate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given to the specific implementation and effects of the red mud leachate wastewater treatment process according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
The treatment system of the red mud leachate comprises an adjusting tank, a primary sedimentation tank, an aeration neutralization tank, a coagulation tank, a sedimentation tank, an adsorption tower, a clean water tank, a sludge concentration tank and a plate-and-frame filter press. The processing system and the processing technology of the red mud leachate of the invention are explained as follows according to the technological process:
(1) pumping the untreated red mud percolate into an adjusting tank for homogenization treatment. A stirrer is arranged in the adjusting tank, and the stirring speed is 20-40 rpm.
(2) Pumping the red mud percolate subjected to homogenization treatment in the regulating tank into a primary sedimentation tank, and primarily precipitating solid impurities in the red mud percolate; the hydraulic retention time of the primary sedimentation tank is more than 30 min. And discharging the supernatant in the primary sedimentation tank into an aeration neutralization tank. And (3) periodically discharging sludge from the bottom of the primary sedimentation tank at the bottom of the primary sedimentation tank to enter a sludge concentration tank.
If the alkaline particles in the red mud leachate directly enter the aeration neutralization tank, a large amount of hydrogen ions formed after hydrolysis and ionization of carbon dioxide are consumed, the time for reducing the pH value of the wastewater is delayed, and the aeration load is increased. Therefore, a primary sedimentation tank is arranged in front of the aeration neutralization tank, alkaline red mud particles in the wastewater are precipitated and separated in the primary sedimentation tank, and the operating pressure of the next aeration neutralization tank is reduced.
(3) And in the aeration neutralization pond, the pH value of the red mud leachate is reduced, and simultaneously aluminum hydroxide colloid is dissolved out. The aeration neutralization tank is provided with a microporous aerator, and the aeration intensity is more than 15m3/m2h. The pH value of the red mud percolate in the aeration neutralization pond is reduced to be below 9.0, and water is discharged.
In the aeration neutralization tank, a large amount of air enters the tank body from the aerator, the pH value of the red mud leachate is gradually reduced along with the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide in the air, aluminum ions form aluminum hydroxide colloid, arsenic ions are captured or adsorbed in mineral forms such as amorphous boehmite, dawsonite and the like to form coprecipitation, and the aluminum ions and the arsenic ions in the red mud leachate are reduced.
(4) Pumping the red mud percolate with the pH value reduced in the aeration neutralization tank into a coagulation tank for coagulation reaction, and forming flocculating constituents by fine particles such as aluminum hydroxide colloid and the like so as to be beneficial to precipitation and separation. The coagulation tank is provided with a stirring device, and the stirring speed is 40-80 rpm. The coagulant is polyacrylamide, and is prepared into a polyacrylamide solution with the mass concentration of 4-8%, and the adding amount of the polyacrylamide solution is 1-4 per mill of the volume of the wastewater. The coagulation reaction time is 30-60 min.
(5) Pumping the red mud leachate in the coagulation tank into a sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation reaction, thereby removing most SS and chromaticity in the red mud leachate. The hydraulic retention time is more than 120 min. Pumping the supernatant after solid-liquid separation into an adsorption tower; and the sludge after solid-liquid separation is pumped into a sludge concentration tank periodically through the bottom of the sedimentation tank.
(6) And pumping the supernatant into an adsorption tower, and further removing residual toxic ions such as fluorine ions, arsenic ions, aluminum ions and the like and chroma in the supernatant. The filler in the adsorption tower is zeolite or active carbon. And the liquid flowing out of the adsorption tower enters a clean water tank and is discharged.
(7) Pumping the supernatant in the sludge concentration tank into the regulating tank. Pumping the concentrated sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a plate-and-frame filter press through a sludge pump, pumping the filter liquor after filter pressing into an adjusting tank, and loading the filter cake into a hazardous waste device for transporting or recovering metal elements in the hazardous waste device.
During construction, the adjusting tank, the primary settling tank and the aeration neutralization tank need to be subjected to anticorrosive treatment by adopting three-cloth five-oil.
Example 1:
500mL of red mud leachate was taken into a 1L beaker and allowed to stand for 1 h. The sludge settled to the bottom of the beaker and 450mL of supernatant was aspirated into another 1L beaker. Two aeration heads connected with an air compressor are placed into a beaker and aerated for 96 hours. Stopping aeration, adding 0.9mL of 5% polyacrylamide solution into a beaker, and stirring by using a magnetic stirrer at the stirring speed of 60rpm for 40 min. Stopping stirring, standing for 180min, and allowing the colloidal substance to sink into the cup bottom. The supernatant in the beaker was pumped into an activated carbon adsorption column. Collecting liquid flowing out of the activated carbon adsorption column, measuring various indexes of the liquid, and meeting the first-level standard of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard, wherein various effluent water quality indexes of the liquid are as follows: the pH was 8.8, the SS was 3.7mg/L, the color was 19, the As was 0.01mg/L, and the fluoride was 0.2 mg/L.
Example 2:
by adopting the red mud leachate wastewater treatment system, the treatment mode is continuous water inlet and continuous water outlet, the system operates 24 hours a day, the hourly treatment capacity is 2t, and the daily treatment capacity is 48m3And d. The red mud percolate is stored in an adjusting tank, and the stirring speed is 30 rpm. And continuously pumping the red mud percolate in the regulating tank into a primary sedimentation tank, and keeping the hydraulic retention time for 40 min. Supernatant in the primary sedimentation tank is continuously pumped into an aeration neutralization tank, and the aeration intensity is 25m3/m2h, the hydraulic retention time is 100 h. Continuously pumping the red mud percolate in the aeration neutralization tank into a coagulation tank, wherein the stirring speed is 60rpm, the mass concentration of the polyacrylamide solution is 5 percent, and the adding amount of the polyacrylamide is 2L/m3The hydraulic retention time is 30 min. The red mud percolate in the coagulating sedimentation tank is continuously pumped into the sedimentation tank, and the hydraulic retention time is 2.5 h. And continuously pumping the supernatant in the sedimentation tank into an adsorption tower, wherein the filler in the adsorption tower is zeolite. The effluent of the adsorption tower can be discharged up to the standard, and the water quality reaches the first-level standard of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard. The effluent water quality indexes are as follows: pH 8.6, SS 11mg/L, color 40, As 0.15mg/L, fluoride1.8mg/L。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications and variations without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The red mud leachate wastewater treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) pumping the red mud leachate into an adjusting tank for homogenization treatment, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the adjusting tank, and the stirring speed is 20-40 rpm;
(2) pumping the red mud percolate subjected to homogenization treatment in the regulating tank into a primary sedimentation tank, and primarily precipitating solid impurities in the red mud percolate; the hydraulic retention time of the primary sedimentation tank is more than 30min, supernatant in the primary sedimentation tank is discharged into the aeration neutralization tank, and sludge is periodically discharged from the bottom of the primary sedimentation tank and enters the sludge concentration tank;
(3) in the aeration neutralization tank, a large amount of air enters the tank body from the microporous aerator, and the aeration intensity is more than 15m3/m2h, with the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide in the air, the pH value of the red mud leachate is gradually reduced, aluminum ions form aluminum hydroxide colloid, arsenic ions are captured or adsorbed in amorphous boehmite and dawsonite mineral forms to form coprecipitation, and the aluminum ions and the arsenic ions in the red mud leachate are reduced; the pH value of the red mud percolate in the aeration neutralization pond is reduced to be below 9.0, and water is discharged;
(4) pumping the red mud percolate treated in the aeration neutralization tank into a coagulation tank for coagulation reaction, wherein aluminum hydroxide colloid forms a flocculating constituent to facilitate precipitation separation; the coagulant used for the coagulation reaction is a polyacrylamide solution with the mass concentration of 4-8%, and the addition amount of the polyacrylamide solution is 1-4 per mill of the volume of the wastewater;
(5) pumping the red mud leachate in the coagulation tank into a sedimentation tank, carrying out solid-liquid separation reaction, removing most of SS and chroma in the red mud leachate, enabling the hydraulic retention time to be more than 120min, and pumping the supernatant after solid-liquid separation into an adsorption tower; the sludge after solid-liquid separation is pumped into a sludge concentration tank at regular intervals;
(6) further removing residual toxic ions and chroma in the supernatant in an adsorption tower; liquid flowing out of the adsorption tower enters a clean water tank and is discharged;
(7) pumping supernatant in the sludge concentration tank into a regulating tank, pumping concentrated sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a plate-and-frame filter press through a sludge pump, pumping filter liquor obtained after filter pressing into the regulating tank, and loading filter cakes into a hazardous waste device for transporting or recovering metal elements in the hazardous waste device;
the adjusting tank, the primary settling tank and the aeration neutralization tank are all subjected to anti-corrosion treatment by adopting three-cloth five-oil.
2. The red mud leachate wastewater treatment process of claim 1, wherein the coagulation reaction time in the step (4) is 30-60 min.
3. The red mud leachate wastewater treatment process of claim 1, wherein the toxic ions in step (6) at least comprise fluorine ions, arsenic ions and aluminum ions.
4. The red mud leachate wastewater treatment process of claim 1, wherein a stirring device is arranged in the coagulation tank, and the stirring speed of the stirring device is 40-80 rpm.
5. The red mud leachate wastewater treatment process of claim 1, wherein the filler in the adsorption tower is zeolite or activated carbon, and the liquid flowing out of the adsorption tower enters a clean water tank and is discharged.
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| CN101045591A (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2007-10-03 | 兰州大学 | Comprehensive treatment method for recovered and used humic acid in garbage infiltration liquid |
| CN104118956A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-29 | 蒙自矿冶有限责任公司 | Method for treating sewage |
| CN105130041A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-12-09 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Improved treatment method of acidic waste water containing heavy metals |
| CN106315947A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-11 | 程艳青 | Processing system and processing technology for industrial sewage containing heavy metal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101045591A (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2007-10-03 | 兰州大学 | Comprehensive treatment method for recovered and used humic acid in garbage infiltration liquid |
| CN104118956A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-29 | 蒙自矿冶有限责任公司 | Method for treating sewage |
| CN105130041A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-12-09 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Improved treatment method of acidic waste water containing heavy metals |
| CN106315947A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-11 | 程艳青 | Processing system and processing technology for industrial sewage containing heavy metal |
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