CN107933594A - One kind is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant - Google Patents
One kind is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant Download PDFInfo
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- CN107933594A CN107933594A CN201711368894.XA CN201711368894A CN107933594A CN 107933594 A CN107933594 A CN 107933594A CN 201711368894 A CN201711368894 A CN 201711368894A CN 107933594 A CN107933594 A CN 107933594A
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- refrigerant
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- heat exchanger
- air conditioner
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0072—Means for cooling only
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- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, it is characterized in that, the refrigeration cycle further includes Intermediate Heat Exchanger, the high-temperature medium entrance of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger is connected with the media outlet of the gas cooler, the high-temperature medium outlet of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger is connected with the medium inlet of the restriction expansion device, the cryogenic media entrance of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger is connected with the media outlet of the evaporator, and the cryogenic media outlet of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger is connected with the medium inlet of the compressor;Refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is CO2, kind of refrigeration cycle uses trans critical cycle;The compressor is Trans-critical cycle refrigeration compressor.The present invention can not only meet the environmental requirement of harshness, but also can ensure refrigerating efficiency, meet the lightweight demand to rail vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of air conditioning used for rail vehicle, and CO is based on more particularly, to one kind2The trans critical cycle of refrigerant
Railway vehicle air conditioner system.
Background technology
The air-conditioning device of rail vehicle is typically mounted at roof, and cooling in summer, spring and autumn ventilation, winter is for room
Outer fresh air is preheated.Existing air-conditioning device almost all uses freon as refrigerant, since freon is universally acknowledged
Cause the principal element of depletion of the ozone layer and global warming.With progressively showing for global warming effect, slow down greenhouse effects and
Depletion of the ozone layer becomes the matter of utmost importance that the whole world faces.The refrigerant to environment non-hazardous, world community must be used as early as possible
Accelerating the process of the high GWP refrigerants of the environmentally friendly refrigerant replacement of propulsion, from《Montreal Protocol book》Since signing, with CFC and
The air-conditioning that HCFC makees refrigerant progressively disables, and in order to find appropriate refrigeration agent, the whole world has been carried out widely studied, and natural refrigerant is drawn
People have been played greatly to pay close attention to.Due to environmentally protective natural refrigerant CO2With its is nontoxic, to ozone layer without destruction, temperature will not be produced
Room effect, and the advantages that its good macroscopic property, paid attention to again be subject to refrigeration industry.
CO2It is as most potential natural refrigerant because CO2Have many advantages, such as follows:
1) natural refrigerant, to environment without destruction, ODP=0, GWP=1;
2) unit volume refrigerating capacity is big, compared with common working medium, CO2Equipment volume is small;
3) safety coefficient is high, nontoxic non-combustible, and chemical property is stablized;
4) viscosity is low, has excellent mobility and conductivity of heat;
5) it is cheap easily to obtain.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide one kind to be based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, passes through
Use the CO of Trans-critical cycle2Refrigerant, it is not only environmentally friendly, but also refrigeration effect is ensured while equipment volume and weight is reduced
Rate, meets the environmental requirement of harshness and light-weighted demand.
Another object of the present invention is to further improve efficiency, energy-saving and emission-reduction.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
One kind is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, positioned at the car body top of rail vehicle, bag
Evaporation cavity and outdoor chamber are included, the outdoor intracavitary includes compressor, outdoor heat exchanger, and including throttling expansion in the evaporation cavity fills
Put and indoor heat exchanger, the outdoor heat exchanger include gas cooler and cooling blower, the cooling blower drives extraneous empty
Gas exchanges heat with the gas cooler, and the indoor heat exchanger includes evaporator and evaporation fan, the evaporation fan band
Dynamic evaporation chamber air exchanges heat with the evaporator, the compressor, gas cooler, restriction expansion device and evaporator
Composition refrigeration cycle is sequentially connected by coolant piping, it is characterised in that
The refrigeration cycle further includes Intermediate Heat Exchanger, and the Intermediate Heat Exchanger is located in the evaporation cavity or described
Outdoor intracavitary, the high-temperature medium entrance of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger are connected with the media outlet of the gas cooler, the centre
The high-temperature medium outlet of heat exchanger is connected with the medium inlet of the restriction expansion device, the cryogenic media of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger
Entrance is connected with the media outlet of the evaporator, the cryogenic media outlet of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger and the medium of the compressor
Entrance is connected;
Refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is CO2, kind of refrigeration cycle is trans critical cycle;
The compressor is Trans-critical cycle refrigeration compressor.
Preferably, through the compressed CO of Trans-critical cycle refrigeration compressor2Refrigerant is temperature range between 70 DEG C~120 DEG C
Supercritical gas, through the gas cooler and outside air heat exchange after CO2Refrigerant is temperature range at 30 DEG C~50 DEG C
Between supercritical gas, through the restriction expansion device effect after CO2Refrigerant is gas-liquid of the temperature range between 6 DEG C~18 DEG C
Two-phase fluid, through the evaporator and the CO after in-car gas converting heat2Refrigerant is supercritical gas.
Preferably, gas-liquid separator is installed at the medium inlet end of the compressor.
Preferably, pressure of inspiration(Pi) control valve is installed at the media outlet end of the evaporator, in the medium of the compressor
The port of export installs pressure at expulsion control valve.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the gas cooler is 5mm~8mm;The pipe diameter of the evaporator for 6mm~
10mm。
Preferably, the restriction expansion device is electric expansion valve.
Preferably, the pressure sensor and temperature that the electric expansion valve is installed with the media outlet end of evaporator respectively pass
Sensor is electrically connected.
Preferably, the compressor is frequency-changeable compressor, and the cooling blower and the evaporation fan are frequency conversion fan.
Preferably, when the cooling blower drive outside air is exchanged heat with the gas cooler, outside air
Flow to enter above car body top both sides, first pass through the gas cooler, then under the drive of the cooling blower,
Outlet air from bottom to top, is discharged from car body top centre
In conclusion the CO by using Trans-critical cycle2Refrigerant, not only energy conservation and environmental protection, but also add unit volume refrigeration
Amount so that air-conditioning equipment volume diminishes, and disclosure satisfy that light-weighted demand;By introducing Intermediate Heat Exchanger, reduce further
The temperature of the supercritical fluid of gas cooler media outlet, reduces the pressure difference of gas cooler outlet and evaporator inlet,
So as to which restriction loss be greatly lowered, and then improve the efficiency of system;By using the gas cooler of pipe with small pipe diameter, can improve
Security and corrosion-resistant requirement under extreme operating condition, also improve the reliability of whole air-conditioning system;It is swollen by using electronics
The swollen valve control system degree of superheat, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide preferable flow-rate adjustment, and energy consumption is relatively low;By varying the air draft of cooling blower
Direction, improves the work efficiency of outdoor heat exchanger;By using the compressor and wind turbine of frequency conversion, it can not only meet more models
The adjusting requirement of comfort parameter in interior compartment is enclosed, and there are power savings advantages;By using roof installation method, easy to the later stage
Maintenance and maintenance;By increasing pressure at expulsion control valve and pressure of inspiration(Pi) control valve, safety relief work(is added for whole system
Energy, ensures the security of system.
Present invention also offers the double-compressor air-conditioning system that the refrigeration cycle is two sets, two sets of refrigeration are followed
Loop back path is located at the both sides of car body top respectively, and the cooling blower is cold for two gases in two sets of refrigeration cycles
But device shares, and the evaporation fan shares for two evaporators in two sets refrigeration cycles, the cooling blower with
The evaporation fan is respectively among car body top.The air-conditioning system of above-mentioned technical proposal, form two sets both can at the same time work
Make the self-contained refrigerating system that can be worked independently again, standby host, a system can break down each other, another can continue work
Make, ensure the comfortable demand for security of passenger.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is simple layout schematic diagram of the cyclic track vehicle air conditioner in car body top of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the cyclic track vehicle air conditioner of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the top view of air-conditioning system on the rail vehicle in the specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the front view of the outdoor heat exchanger in the air-conditioning system shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
It should be noted that in following embodiments, when embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, in order to clear
Ground represents the structure of the present invention in order to illustrate, special not draw to the structure in attached drawing according to general proportion, and has carried out part
Amplification, deformation and simplified processing, therefore, should avoid in this, as limitation of the invention to understand.
The air-conditioning system of the present invention is with the CO of Trans-critical cycle2For refrigerant, CO2The critical point temperature of refrigerant is about 31 DEG C, with environment
Temperature is very close, and therefore, its rejection temperature must be over critical point temperature, i.e. CO2The heat release of kind of refrigeration cycle is in supercritical region
Carry out, and evaporation endothermic carries out among close-to-critical range, so as to form Trans-critical cycle kind of refrigeration cycle.
Referring to Fig. 1, the cyclic track vehicle air conditioner that Fig. 1 is the present invention is illustrated in the simple layout of car body top
Figure, as shown in the figure, the railway vehicle air conditioner system of the present invention is installed on the top of vehicle body of railway vehicle 1, in order to install, safeguard,
Replace simply, mainly using cellular structure.Inside cellular structure, condensation chamber 8 and evaporation cavity 5 are broadly divided into.Condensation chamber 8
Compressor 11, outdoor heat exchanger (including gas cooler 8 and cooling blower 7), the top of condensation chamber 8 are equipped with (outdoor chamber)
With contacting external air, cool ambient air enters condensation chamber 8 under the action of cooling blower 7, gas cooler 8 is carried out cold
But, external environment is returned above condensation chamber 8 afterwards.Mainly comprising indoor heat converter (including 4 He of evaporator in evaporation cavity 5
Evaporation fan 2), electric heater 3, indoor ventilator (not marked in figure), new air-valve (not marked in figure) and air returning valve (not
Marked in figure) etc., evaporation cavity 5 is communicated with environment inside car, and evaporation cavity 5 includes air outlet 9 and return air inlet 10, in-car hot-air from
Return air inlet 10 enters evaporation cavity 5, and 4 heat exchange of evaporator, hot-air be cooled after under the action of evaporation fan 2 by air outlet
9 are discharged into compartment, and the environment of comfort temperature is provided for passenger.Evaporation cavity 5 can also make outside air by fresh air in-out apparatus
Mixed in evaporation cavity 5 with in-car air, improve in-car air quality.During winter, evaporator 4 can be closed, electricity is only opened and adds
Hot device 3, heats for in-car cold air, heats for passenger.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the cyclic track vehicle air conditioner of the present invention.It is as shown in the figure, a kind of
Based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, including compressor 01, outdoor heat exchanger 02, throttling expansion dress
3, indoor heat exchanger 04 and Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05 are set to 0, outdoor heat exchanger 02 includes gas cooler 021 and cooling blower 022,
Cooling blower 022 drives outside air to exchange heat with gas cooler 021, and indoor heat exchanger 04 includes evaporator 041 and steams
Wind turbine 042 is sent out, evaporation fan 042 drives evaporation chamber air to exchange heat with evaporator 041.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 2.Compressor 01, gas cooler 021, restriction expansion device 03 and evaporator 041 are by cold
Matchmaker's pipe arrangement is sequentially connected composition refrigeration cycle, and refrigerant uses CO2, kind of refrigeration cycle uses trans critical cycle.Due to refrigerant CO2
Critical point it is relatively low, critical-point pressure is also at a relatively high, so, compressor 01 should use CO2The dedicated Trans-critical cycle refrigeration pressure of refrigerant
Contracting machine.CO2Refrigerant is changed into the supercritical gas of high temperature and pressure after compressor 01, under extreme operating condition, CO2Supercritical fluid exists
01 outlet pressure of compressor is up to 14Mpa, therefore, in order to ensure safety, and improves the reliability of whole air-conditioning system, gas
The condenser pipe and evaporation tube of pipe with small pipe diameter are used in body cooler 021 and evaporator 041, it is preferable that the condensation of gas cooler 021
The pipe diameter of pipe is 5mm~8mm, and the pipe diameter of evaporator 041 is 6mm~10mm.
In the present embodiment, restriction expansion device 03 is preferably electric expansion valve, the electric expansion valve and evaporator 041
The pressure sensor and temperature sensor of media outlet end installation are electrically connected, by the media outlet end for measuring evaporator 041
Flow of the temperature and pressure adjusting of fluid itself, it is ensured that the operating pressure of air-conditioning system is balanced, in normal range of operation, and
And it is energy saving, on the other hand, electric expansion valve at low temperature also can accurate response go out the change of the degree of superheat, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide preferable stream
Amount is adjusted, and energy consumption itself is relatively low.
In order to ensure that air-conditioning system disclosure satisfy that the efficiency demand of rail vehicle, at least not less than existing freon refrigerant
The efficiency of air-conditioning system, CO2Temperature of the refrigerant in each section of pipeline of refrigeration cycle be preferably:Temperature range 6 DEG C~
The gas-liquid two-phase fluid CO of 18 DEG C of low-temp low-pressures2Refrigerant environment out of vehicle absorbs heat, its state is changed into by gas-liquid two-phase
Postcritical gaseous state, Trans-critical cycle refrigeration compressor 01 is by CO2Refrigerant is heated to the supercritical gas between 70 DEG C~120 DEG C, gas
Cooler 021 with outside air heat exchange by making CO2Refrigerant is cooled to the supercritical gas between 30 DEG C~50 DEG C, throttling for the first time
Expansion gear further makes CO2The gas-liquid two-phase fluid that refrigerant cools down between 6 DEG C~18 DEG C, so repeatedly, completes whole refrigeration
Circulation.
Since the pressure difference of 041 medium inlet of 021 media outlet of gas cooler and evaporator is larger, whole system is easily led to
It is inefficient, therefore, the present invention adds Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05 in refrigeration cycle, and the high temperature of Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05 is situated between
Matter entrance 051 is connected with the media outlet of gas cooler 021, and the high-temperature medium outlet 052 of Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05 is swollen with throttling
The medium inlet of swollen device 03 is connected, the cryogenic media entrance 053 of Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05 and the media outlet phase of evaporator 041
Even, the cryogenic media outlet 054 of Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05 is connected with the medium inlet of compressor 01, in this way, the medium of evaporator 041
The CO of the port of export2Refrigerant is heated up again, and enters the CO of restriction expansion device 032Refrigerant is cooled down again, reduces gas
Pressure difference between 041 medium inlet of 021 media outlet of cooler and evaporator, so that restriction loss be greatly lowered, and then is improved
The efficiency of system.Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05 may be mounted in evaporation cavity, can also intracavitary installed outdoors.
Outdoor heat exchanger 02 includes gas cooler 021 and cooling blower 022, and the effect of cooling blower 022 is mainly
Heat exchange and cooling compressor 01 by air-cooled reinforcing gas cooler 021, therefore, the wind direction of cooling blower 022 directly affects
The operational efficiency of gas cooler 021.In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of outdoor heat exchanger 02, the present invention changes cooling wind
The air draft direction of machine 022, cooling wind are first passed through gas cooler 021, are then being cooled down by entering above 01 top both sides of car body
Under the drive of wind turbine 022, outlet air from bottom to top, completes to exchange heat with gas cooler 021.Since cooling wind first passes through gas cooling
Device 021, at this time, cools down the heat transfer temperature difference maximum of wind and gas cooler 021, can improve heat exchange efficiency;On the other hand, due to
CO in gas cooler 0212Refrigerant exchanges heat in the supercritical state, the CO of the state2Refrigerant temperature is compared to non-super
Critical refrigerant is more sensitive, therefore, by varying wind direction, considerably improves the heat exchange efficiency of the outdoor chamber of air-conditioning system,
System circulation COP1% or so can be improved.
In order to further energy saving, compressor 01 is preferably frequency-changeable compressor, and cooling blower 022 and evaporation fan 042 are also all
Preferably frequency conversion fan, by making compressor and wind turbine variable frequency work at the same time, can not only meet to relax in more scope interior compartments
The adjusting requirement of adaptive parameter, and power savings advantages can be had more, on the other hand, the use of frequency-changeable compressor and wind turbine, is reduced
The impact of compressor and wind turbine start and stop to rail vehicle power supply.
Present invention also adds safety relief function.Due to CO202 service pressure of outdoor heat exchanger exists at work
12Mpa or so, for operating pressure also in 7Mpa, operating pressure is higher, in order to ensure that system is working properly, adds pressure during shutdown
Power discharges safety valve, and safety relief valve being capable of active pressure release, guarantee vehicle and passenger safety.Specifically, in Jie of evaporator 041
Matter port of export installation pressure of inspiration(Pi) control valve 08, the installation pressure at expulsion control valve 07 at the media outlet end of compressor 01.Compression
The high temperature and pressure supercritical CO that machine 01 goes out through overcompression heel row2Gas enters pressure at expulsion control valve 07, pressure at expulsion by the road
Control valve 07 judges whether loine pressure exceeds system highest operating pressure, if pressure is higher than initialization system operating pressure,
By being vented emergency decompression, if pressure is allowing in range of operation, supercritical CO2Gas by gas cooler 021 with
Air exchanges heat.Similar, pressure of inspiration(Pi) control valve 08 can also judge whether the pressure in pipeline is located at operation interval, and
It can voluntarily adjust, the pressure in pipeline is in normal range of operation, improve the reliability of whole system.
In order to ensure the normal work of compressor 01, it is preferable that increase gas-liquid separation at the medium inlet end of compressor 01
Device 06, prevents liquid from causing compressor 01 to damage into compressor 01.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the top view of air-conditioning system on the rail vehicle in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, including compressor 01, gas cooler 021, restriction expansion device 03, evaporator 04 and Intermediate Heat Exchanger 05
Refrigeration cycle is two sets, is located at 01 crown center of car body positioned at the both sides at the top of car body 01, cooling blower 022 respectively, is
Two gas coolers 021 share, and evaporation fan 042 also is located at 01 crown center of car body, are that two evaporators 042 share.Two
Set self-contained refrigerating system is simultaneously operable and can work independently, and standby host, a system can break down each other, another can
Work on, ensure the comfortable demand for security of passenger.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, positioned at the car body top of rail vehicle, including
Evaporation cavity and outdoor chamber, the outdoor intracavitary include compressor, outdoor heat exchanger, include restriction expansion device in the evaporation cavity
And indoor heat exchanger, the outdoor heat exchanger include gas cooler and cooling blower, the cooling blower drives outside air
Exchange heat with the gas cooler, the indoor heat exchanger includes evaporator and evaporation fan, and the evaporation fan drives
Evaporation chamber air exchanges heat with the evaporator, and the compressor, gas cooler, restriction expansion device and evaporator lead to
Cross coolant piping and be sequentially connected composition refrigeration cycle, it is characterised in that
The refrigeration cycle further includes Intermediate Heat Exchanger, and the Intermediate Heat Exchanger is located in the evaporation cavity or the outdoor
Intracavitary, the high-temperature medium entrance of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger are connected with the media outlet of the gas cooler, the intermediate heat transfer
The high-temperature medium outlet of device is connected with the medium inlet of the restriction expansion device, the cryogenic media entrance of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger
It is connected with the media outlet of the evaporator, the cryogenic media outlet of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger and the medium inlet of the compressor
It is connected;
Refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is CO2, kind of refrigeration cycle is trans critical cycle;
The compressor is Trans-critical cycle refrigeration compressor.
2. one kind according to claim 1 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In through the compressed CO of Trans-critical cycle refrigeration compressor2Refrigerant is overcritical gas of the temperature range between 70 DEG C~120 DEG C
Body, the CO after the gas cooler and outside air heat exchange2Refrigerant is overcritical between 30 DEG C~50 DEG C for temperature range
Gas, the CO after restriction expansion device effect2Refrigerant is gas-liquid two-phase fluid of the temperature range between 6 DEG C~18 DEG C,
Through the evaporator and the CO after in-car gas converting heat2Refrigerant is gas.
3. one kind according to claim 1 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In in the medium inlet end of compressor installation gas-liquid separator.
4. one kind according to claim 1 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In in the media outlet end of evaporator installation pressure of inspiration(Pi) control valve, at the media outlet end of the compressor, installation is arranged
Air pressure force control valve.
5. one kind according to claim 1 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In the pipe diameter of the gas cooler is 5mm~8mm;The pipe diameter of the evaporator is 6mm~10mm.
6. one kind according to claim 1 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In the restriction expansion device is electric expansion valve.
7. one kind according to claim 6 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In the pressure sensor and temperature sensor that the electric expansion valve is installed with the media outlet end of evaporator respectively are electrically connected.
8. one kind according to claim 1 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In the compressor is frequency-changeable compressor, and the cooling blower and the evaporation fan are frequency conversion fan.
9. one kind according to claim 1 is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant, its feature exist
In when the cooling blower drive outside air is exchanged heat with the gas cooler, the flow direction of outside air is from car body
Enter above the both sides of top, first pass through the gas cooler, then under the drive of the cooling blower, go out from bottom to top
Wind, is discharged from car body top centre.
10. one kind according to claim 1~9 any one is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant
System, it is characterised in that the refrigeration cycle is two sets, and respectively positioned at the both sides of car body top, the cooling blower is two
Cover two in the refrigeration cycle gas coolers to share, the evaporation fan is in two sets of refrigeration cycle
Two evaporators share, the cooling blower and the evaporation fan are respectively among car body top.
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CN201711368894.XA CN107933594A (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2017-12-18 | One kind is based on CO2The trans critical cycle railway vehicle air conditioner system of refrigerant |
PCT/CN2018/082281 WO2019119678A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-09 | Co2 refrigerant-based transcritical cycle rail vehicle air conditioning system |
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CN112277988A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-01-29 | 石家庄国祥运输设备有限公司 | Air conditioning unit for railway vehicle and control method |
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