CN107931741B - Spiral bevel gear milling machining process - Google Patents
Spiral bevel gear milling machining process Download PDFInfo
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- CN107931741B CN107931741B CN201711441401.0A CN201711441401A CN107931741B CN 107931741 B CN107931741 B CN 107931741B CN 201711441401 A CN201711441401 A CN 201711441401A CN 107931741 B CN107931741 B CN 107931741B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/20—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling
- B23F5/24—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling the tool being a hob for making bevel gears
Abstract
The invention discloses a milling processing technology of a spiral bevel gear, which comprises the following steps: rough cutting the concave surface, adjusting the relative installation position of the wheel blank and the cutter head, and rough cutting until the tooth depth allowance is u: roughly cutting the convex surface, and adjusting the relative angle of the wheel blank and the cutter head until the tooth depth allowance is u; rough cutting of tooth root, feeding the cutter head to the state that the tooth space profile is superposed with the cutting edge profile of the cutter head; fine cutting, namely processing to a preset tooth depth, and finishing the fine cutting; wherein, the order of the concave surface rough cutting and the convex surface rough cutting can be mutually exchanged; each procedure can meet the requirement of high-efficiency gear cutting in the traditional gear machining by calculating and optimizing the cutting angle, the cutting speed and the feeding rate, can effectively reduce the cutter load of the spiral bevel gear in the gear milling machining process, can reasonably distribute the cutting amount born by the inner cutter and the outer cutter, prolongs the service life of the complete set of cutters, enables the machine tool to be better applied to various gear structural forms and material conditions, and ensures that the final product can obtain a more excellent tooth surface effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gear machining, in particular to a spiral bevel gear milling machining process.
Background
Because the spiral bevel gear has the characteristics of high transmission efficiency, large bearing capacity, low cost, low oil consumption and the like, the spiral bevel gear is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, ships, mining machinery and the like at present.
The spiral bevel gear is processed mainly by two methods, namely an indexing gear cutting method and a continuous gear cutting method. The continuous gear cutting method is widely used for machining various sizes of spiral bevel gears due to high cutting efficiency and low machining cost. According to the traditional continuous gear cutting method, the wheel blank processing is completed by calculating the wheel blank processing adjusting clamp and feeding in a single pass, so that the processing efficiency is low, the cutting power is high, the service life of a cutter is short, the requirement on equipment performance is high, and the product specification processing range is limited.
In view of this, how to improve the machining efficiency, prolong the service life of the complete set of cutters, and meet the requirements of machining in various gear structural forms is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a process for milling teeth of a helical bevel gear, so as to improve the processing efficiency, prolong the service life of a set of tools, and meet the requirements of various gear structural forms.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a process for milling teeth of a spiral bevel gear comprises the following steps:
rough cutting of the concave surface, namely adjusting the relative installation position of the wheel blank and the cutter disc according to preset machining parameters, starting the machine tool by taking the relative position of the wheel blank and the cutter disc at the moment as an initial installation position, enabling the wheel blank and the cutter disc to rotate according to the preset machining parameters, enabling the cutter disc to feed along the axis direction of the cutter disc according to the preset feeding speed, and finishing rough cutting of the concave surface when the allowance of the rough cutting wheel blank to the tooth depth is u;
rough cutting the convex surface, keeping the position of one of the cutter head and the wheel blank unchanged, and adjusting the other to theta through transposition along the axis of the other1Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank and the cutter head to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head along the axis direction of the cutter head according to a preset feeding speed, roughly cutting the wheel blank until the tooth depth allowance is u, and roughly cutting the convex surface;
rough cutting of tooth root, keeping the position of one of the cutter head and the wheel blank unchanged according to the initial installation position of the wheel blank and the cutter head, and adjusting the other to theta through transposition along the self axis2Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank and the cutter head to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head to enable the tooth socket contour to coincide with the cutting edge contour of the cutter head along the axis direction of the cutter head according to a preset feeding speed, and finishing rough cutting of the tooth root;
fine cutting, namely feeding a cutter disc along the axis of the cutter disc towards the wheel blank direction, and processing to a preset tooth depth to finish the fine cutting;
wherein the order of the concave surface rough cutting and the convex surface rough cutting can be mutually exchanged.
Preferably, in the concave rough cutting, the convex rough cutting and the tooth root rough cutting, the rotation speed ratio between the wheel blank and the cutter head is kept consistent.
Preferably, the feed speed of the cutter disc in the fine cutting is lower than the feed speed of the cutter disc in the concave rough cutting, the convex rough cutting and the tooth root rough cutting.
Preferably, after the concave rough cutting, the convex rough cutting and the fine cutting are finished, the cutter head retracts.
The invention provides a milling processing technology of a spiral bevel gear, which comprises three times of rough cutting and at least one time of fine cutting, and specifically comprises the following steps: the concave surface rough cutting is according to preset machining parameter adjustment wheel blank and the relative mounted position of blade disc and with the relative position of this moment wheel blank and blade disc as initial mounted position, starts the lathe, and wheel blank and blade disc are according to preset machining parameter rotation, and the blade disc is according to presetting feed speed and along self axis direction feed, and rough cutting wheel blank is to tooth depth surplus for u, and the concave surface rough cutting is accomplished: rough cutting the convex surface, keeping the position of one of the cutter head and the wheel blank unchanged, and adjusting the other to theta through transposition along the axis of the other1Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank and the cutter head to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head along the axis direction of the cutter head according to a preset feeding speed, roughly cutting the wheel blank until the tooth depth allowance is u, and roughly cutting the convex surface; rough cutting of tooth root, keeping the position of one of the cutter head and the wheel blank unchanged according to the initial installation position of the wheel blank and the cutter head, and adjusting the other to theta through transposition along the self axis2Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank and the cutter head to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head to enable the tooth socket contour to coincide with the cutting edge contour of the cutter head along the axis direction of the cutter head according to a preset feeding speed, and finishing rough cutting of the tooth root; fine cutting, namely feeding a cutter disc along the axis of the cutter disc towards the wheel blank direction, and processing to a preset tooth depth to finish the fine cutting; wherein, the order of the concave surface rough cutting and the convex surface rough cutting can be mutually exchanged;
the cutter head is usually provided with a plurality of groups of inner cutters and outer cutters, the outer cutters are used for processing concave surfaces, and the inner cutters are used for processing convex surfaces. When the concave surface rough cutting or the convex surface rough cutting is carried out in the first step, the inner cutter and the outer cutter participate in cutting at the same time; when the other of the concave surface rough cutting and the convex surface rough cutting is carried out in the working procedure, a group of inner cutters or outer cutters are in a blank cutting state all the time in the cutting process according to different processing surfaces. Therefore, the convex rough cutting can be preferentially selected when the inner cutter is worn violently in the cutting process, and the concave rough cutting is preferentially selected otherwise, so that the cutting amount born by the cutter is reasonably distributed, and the service life of the set of cutters is prolonged; in the actual operation process, each process can meet the requirement of high-efficiency gear cutting in the traditional gear machining process by calculating and optimizing the cutting angle, the cutting speed and the feeding rate, the cutter load of the spiral bevel gear in the gear milling machining process can be effectively reduced, the cutting amount born by the inner cutter and the outer cutter can be reasonably distributed, the service life of the complete set of cutters is prolonged, the machine tool can be better applied to various gear structural forms and material conditions, and the final product can be ensured to obtain a more excellent tooth surface effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of relative positions of a gear blank and a cutter disc in a first rough cutting in a helical bevel gear milling process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first rough cutting structure of a gear blank of the helical bevel gear milling process according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first rough cut front view of a gear blank for a helical bevel gear milling process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating relative positions of a wheel blank and a cutter disc in the second rough cutting in the helical bevel gear milling process according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a second rough cutting structure of a gear blank of the helical bevel gear milling process according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second rough cut front view of a gear blank for a helical bevel gear milling process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating relative positions of a gear blank and a cutter disc in the third rough cutting and fine cutting in the helical bevel gear milling process according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a third rough cut structure of a gear blank for a helical bevel gear milling process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a third rough cut front view of a gear blank for a helical bevel gear milling process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a finish-cut structure of a gear blank in a process of milling teeth of a helical bevel gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a front view of a gear blank for a helical bevel gear milling process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In fig. 1-11:
1 is a cutter head; 2 is a wheel blank; 3, cutting; 4, an outer cutter; 5 is an inner cutter; 6 is a concave surface; 7 is convex.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a spiral bevel gear milling machining process which can improve machining efficiency, prolong the service life of a complete set of cutters and meet the requirements of machining of various gear structural forms.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, fig. 1 to 11 are partially enlarged views of the relative positions and the cutting positions of the blank and the cutter during the cutting in the steps of the helical bevel gear milling process according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a process for milling teeth of a spiral bevel gear, which comprises the following steps:
s01: rough cutting of the concave surface 6, adjusting the relative installation position of the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 according to preset machining parameters, starting a machine tool by taking the relative position of the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 as an initial installation position, enabling the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 to rotate according to the preset machining parameters, enabling the cutter head 1 to feed along the axis direction of the cutter head 1 according to a preset feeding speed, enabling the allowance of the rough cutting of the wheel blank 2 to be u, and completing rough cutting of the concave surface 6, as shown in figures 1-3;
the initial mounting position is the 0 ° position shown in fig. 1, and the preset machining parameters at least include the mounting angle of the wheel blank 2, the feed speed, the tool and the rotating speed of the wheel blank 2, which are calculated according to the target tooth surface requirement.
S02: rough cutting is carried out on the convex surface 7, one position of the cutter head 1 and the wheel blank 2 is kept unchanged, and the other position is adjusted to theta along the self axis by means of indexing1Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head 1 along the axis direction of the cutter head 1 according to a preset feeding speed, roughly cutting the wheel blank 2 until the tooth depth allowance is u, and roughly cutting the convex surface 7, as shown in fig. 4-6;
in the embodiment of the invention, the cutter head 1 is kept still, and the relative position of the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 is adjusted in a manner that the wheel blank 2 rotates, as shown in fig. 4, the cutter head 1 is still kept at a 0-degree position without moving, and the wheel blank 2 rotates counterclockwise along the axis of the wheel blank 2.
S03: rough cutting of tooth root, keeping one of the cutter head 1 and the wheel blank 2 unchanged according to the initial installation positions of the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1, and adjusting the other to theta through transposition along the axis of the other2Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head 1 to the tooth space profile to be overlapped with the cutting edge profile of the cutter head 1 along the axis direction according to a preset feeding speed, finishing rough cutting of the tooth root, and enabling the tooth depth allowance to be smaller than u at the moment, wherein the tooth depth allowance is shown in fig. 7-9;
as shown in fig. 7, in the embodiment of the present invention, the wheel blank 2 is rotated counterclockwise by the angle θ from the initial mounting position, i.e., the 0 ° position2The cutter head 1 is fixed, and in order to realize the position adjustment, the wheel blank 2 can be returned to the initial installation position and then rotated by theta2Or, alternatively, it can be adjusted in another way, since during the second rough cut, the blank 2 has already rotated through the angle θ1And theta1＞θ2Thus, the wheel blank 2 can be rotated clockwise (θ) from the second rough cut position1-θ2) And furthermore, after the rough cutting of the tooth root is finished, the cutter is retracted by 1-2 mm, and preparation is made for subsequent fine cutting.
S04: finish cutting, namely feeding the cutter head 1 along the axis of the cutter head towards the wheel blank 2, processing to a preset tooth depth, and finishing finish cutting, wherein the finish cutting can be finished once or step by step for multiple times according to different actual sizes, as shown in fig. 7, 10 and 11;
the rough cutting has small cutting force due to shallow cutting depth and partial contact of the cutting edge of the cutter and the wheel blank 2, and can realize high rotating speed and fast feeding of milling teeth so as to ensure the processing efficiency. In the fine cutting process, the cutting edge profile of the cutter is always in complete contact with the wheel blank 2, so that the feeding speed of the cutter needs to be properly reduced to reduce the cutting force, improve the working condition of cutting, prolong the service life of the whole set of cutters and ensure the tooth cutting precision, and after each rough cutting process is finished according to a special process, the feeding speed of the cutter is reduced or the rotating speed of the wheel blank 2 and/or the cutter is adjusted, and the process is switched to the fine cutting process.
Wherein the order of rough cutting of the concave surface 6 and the convex surface 7 can be exchanged, the tooth depth allowance u and the transposition adjusting angle theta1、θ2Determined according to the diameter of the wheel blank 2 to be processed and the target tooth depth.
The cutter head 1 is usually provided with a plurality of cutter bars 3, each cutter bar 3 comprises an inner cutter 5 and an outer cutter 4, the outer cutter 4 is used for processing a concave surface 6, and the inner cutter 5 is used for processing a convex surface 7. When the rough cutting of the concave surface 6 or the rough cutting of the convex surface 7 is carried out in the first step, the inner cutter 4 and the outer cutter 4 participate in the cutting at the same time; when the process is carried out to the other one of the rough cutting of the concave surface 6 and the rough cutting of the convex surface 7, a group of the inner cutters 5 or the outer cutters 4 are always in a blank cutting state in the cutting process according to different processing surfaces. Therefore, the convex surface 7 can be selected for rough cutting preferentially when the inner cutter 5 is worn violently in the cutting process, and the concave surface 6 can be selected for rough cutting preferentially to reasonably distribute the cutting amount born by the cutter and prolong the service life of the cutter set.
Compared with the prior art, in the process of machining the spiral bevel gear by milling, each procedure calculates and optimizes the cutting-in angle, the cutting-in speed and the feeding rate in the actual operation process, so that the requirement of high-efficiency gear cutting in the traditional gear machining can be met, the cutter load of the spiral bevel gear in the process of milling the gear can be effectively reduced, the cutting amount born by the inner cutter 4 and the outer cutter 4 can be reasonably distributed, the service life of the complete set of cutters is prolonged, a machine tool can be better applied to various gear structural forms and material conditions, and the final product can be ensured to obtain a more excellent tooth surface effect.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure uniform and consistent tooth surface effect, the rotating speed ratio between the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 is kept consistent in the steps of rough cutting of the concave surface 6, rough cutting of the convex surface 7 and rough cutting of the tooth root.
In order to prevent the cutter head 1 from interfering with the wheel blank 2 and damaging a cutter and a workpiece, in the embodiment of the invention, after rough cutting of the concave surface 6, rough cutting of the convex surface 7 and finish cutting are finished, the cutter head 1 is retracted to be completely separated from the wheel blank 2.
The helical bevel gear milling process of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.
Take a spiral bevel gear with the processing module Mn of 12.67, the number of teeth of 37, the rotation direction of right hand, the pressure angle of 22.5 degrees and the full tooth depth of 13.6661mm as an example.
The outer diameter of the wheel blank 2 is 405mm, the relative installation position of the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 is adjusted according to preset machining parameters, the installation angle of the wheel blank 2 is 55.38 degrees, machine tool parameters are set, the specification of the cutter head 1 is R175-17, the rotation direction of the cutter head 1 is right-handed, the cutting mode is dry cutting, the rotation speed ratio of the wheel blank 2 to the cutter head 1 is 0.46, the rotation speed of the cutter head 1 is 180rpm, and the rotation speed of the wheel blank 2 is 82.70 rpm.
Rough cutting of a concave surface 6:
and starting a machine tool main shaft to keep the wheel blank 2 and the cutter to relatively rotate according to the rotating speed ratio of 0.46, simultaneously feeding the cutter head 1 along the self axis to the wheel blank 2, wherein the feeding speed is 6.7692mm/min, when the tooth depth allowance u is remained for 7mm in the first cutting machining, the cutter head 1 retracts by 15mm, and the rough cutting of the concave surface 6 is completed.
Rough cutting of the convex surface 7:
and relatively mounting the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 and recovering to an initial mounting position, keeping the position of the cutter head 1 unchanged, rotating the wheel blank 2 by 1.82 degrees along the axis of the cutter head, starting a machine tool spindle to keep the wheel blank 2 and a cutter to relatively rotate according to a rotation speed ratio of 0.46, simultaneously feeding the cutter head 1 towards the wheel blank 2 along the axis of the cutter head, wherein the feeding speed is 6.7692mm/min, and when the tooth depth allowance u is remained for 7mm in the secondary cutting process, retracting the cutter head 1 by 15mm, and roughly cutting the convex surface 7.
Rough cutting of tooth roots:
restoring the wheel blank 2 and the cutter head 1 to the initial installation position, keeping the position of the cutter head 1 unchanged, enabling the wheel blank 2 to rotate 0.91 degrees along the axis of the wheel blank, then starting a machine tool spindle to keep the wheel blank 2 and the cutter to relatively rotate according to the rotation speed ratio of 0.46, simultaneously enabling the cutter head 1 to feed towards the wheel blank 2 direction along the axis of the cutter head, enabling the feeding speed to be 3.0085mm/min, enabling the tooth space profile to be completely overlapped with the cutter edge profile when the tooth depth allowance u is remained 0.2mm during the third cutting machining, and completing the rough cutting of the tooth root.
Fine cutting:
and (3) feeding the cutter head 1 towards the wheel blank 2 along the axis of the cutter head, wherein the cutter feeding speed is 0.3044mm/min, and after the tooth depth reaches 13.661mm, the cutter head 1 is completely retracted, and the finish cutting machining is completed.
And finishing the product processing.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A process for milling teeth of a spiral bevel gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:
rough cutting of the concave surface, namely adjusting the relative installation position of the wheel blank and the cutter disc according to preset machining parameters, starting the machine tool by taking the relative position of the wheel blank and the cutter disc at the moment as an initial installation position, enabling the wheel blank and the cutter disc to rotate according to the preset machining parameters, enabling the cutter disc to feed along the axis direction of the cutter disc according to the preset feeding speed, and finishing rough cutting of the concave surface when the allowance of the rough cutting wheel blank to the tooth depth is u;
rough cutting the convex surface, keeping the position of one of the cutter head and the wheel blank unchanged, and adjusting the other to theta through transposition along the axis of the other1Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank and the cutter head to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head along the axis direction of the cutter head according to a preset feeding speed, roughly cutting the wheel blank until the tooth depth allowance is u, and roughly cutting the convex surface;
rough cutting of tooth root, keeping the position of one of the cutter head and the wheel blank unchanged according to the initial installation position of the wheel blank and the cutter head, and adjusting the other to theta through transposition along the self axis2Starting the machine tool to enable the wheel blank and the cutter head to rotate according to preset machining parameters, feeding the cutter head to enable the tooth socket contour to coincide with the cutting edge contour of the cutter head along the axis direction of the cutter head according to a preset feeding speed, and finishing rough cutting of the tooth root;
fine cutting, namely feeding a cutter disc along the axis of the cutter disc towards the wheel blank direction, and processing to a preset tooth depth to finish the fine cutting;
wherein, the order of the concave surface rough cutting and the convex surface rough cutting can be mutually exchanged;
in the rough cutting of the concave surface, the rough cutting of the convex surface and the rough cutting of the tooth root, the rotating speed ratio between the wheel blank and the cutter head is kept consistent;
the cutter head is provided with a plurality of groups of cutter strips, each cutter strip comprises an inner cutter and an outer cutter, the outer cutter is used for processing a concave surface, the inner cutter is used for processing a convex surface, and the inner cutter and the outer cutter participate in cutting simultaneously when the concave surface rough cutting or the convex surface rough cutting is carried out; during the cutting process, convex rough cutting is preferred when the inner cutter is worn severely, and concave rough cutting is preferred when the inner cutter is worn severely.
2. The helical bevel gear milling process of claim 1 wherein the feed rate of the cutterhead in the finish cutting is lower than the feed rate of the cutterhead in the concave roughing, convex roughing and the tooth root roughing.
3. The gear milling process for the spiral bevel gear according to claim 1, wherein after the rough concave cutting, the rough convex cutting and the fine cutting are completed, the cutter is retracted.
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| CN109514008A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-26 | 金华新天齿轮有限公司 | The efficient mill teeth process equipment of one skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery of automobile axle driven wheel of differential and processing method |
| CN114951839A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-08-30 | 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 | Grinding method for spiral bevel gear |
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| CN101391324B (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-01-26 | 吉林大学 | Spherical involute spiral Archimedes spiral bevel gear cutting method and machine tool |
| CN101391322B (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-11-24 | 吉林大学 | Spherical involute spiral bevel gear cutting method and machine tool |
| CN107962256A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-27 | 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 | For processing the cutterhead of spiral bevel gear product |
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