CN1079282A - Energy-saving health fluorescent lamp - Google Patents

Energy-saving health fluorescent lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1079282A
CN1079282A CN 93112478 CN93112478A CN1079282A CN 1079282 A CN1079282 A CN 1079282A CN 93112478 CN93112478 CN 93112478 CN 93112478 A CN93112478 A CN 93112478A CN 1079282 A CN1079282 A CN 1079282A
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China
Prior art keywords
circuit
voltage
fluorescent lamp
energy
fluorescent tube
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Granted
Application number
CN 93112478
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1031842C (en
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陆镇平
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN 93112478 priority Critical patent/CN1031842C/en
Priority to PCT/GB1993/002496 priority patent/WO1995002311A1/en
Priority to AU56550/94A priority patent/AU5655094A/en
Priority to TW82110465A priority patent/TW276310B/zh
Publication of CN1079282A publication Critical patent/CN1079282A/en
Priority to MX9403932A priority patent/MX9403932A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1031842C publication Critical patent/CN1031842C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/232—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps
    • H05B41/2325—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps provided with pre-heating electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/232—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps
    • H05B41/234—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps to eliminate stroboscopic effects, e.g. feeding two lamps with different phases

Abstract

A kind of energy-saving health fluorescent lamp is made up of fluorescent tube, dc electronic ballast and light fixture.The dc electronic ballast comprises multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits, reduction voltage circuit, bridge rectifier filter circuit, transistor current stabilization circuit and protective circuit; realization the high pressure of lamp tube electrode is triggered starter and with alternating current to galvanic conversion stably, making the operating current that is added to fluorescent tube is direct current stably.This fluorescent lamp does not have stroboscopic phenomenon, vision protection, and remarkable energy saving effect and low-voltage starter are arranged, the alternative at present general various straight tubes and the fluorescent lamp or the incandescent lamp of special pipe.

Description

Energy-saving health fluorescent lamp
The invention belongs to a kind of fluorescent lamp, particularly a kind of energy-saving health fluorescent lamp.
The conventional fluorescent lamps of using generally comprises fluorescent tube, ballast, starter and four parts of light fixture at present.Fluorescent tube is coated layer of fluorescent powder by the glass tube inwall, and a filament electrode is respectively sealed up at two ends, fills after the exhaust with an amount of argon gas or other inert gas and mercury or amalgam.Ballast has two kinds of inductance type and electronic types.The fluorescent lamp of Inductive ballast is because of using the alternating current of 50 hertz or 60 hertz, so its light intensity changed in 1 second 100 times or 120 times, just glistens 100 times or 120 times.This have the phosphere of certain frequency to be called stroboscopic, very big to people's eyesight influence, can make the machine mistake of normal high speed rotating regard slow-speed even counter-rotating as, the ball of high-speed flight mistake regards interrupted as on the court, or the like, particularly eyes are caused fatigue easily, especially under fluorescent lighting, read a book, children's eyesight is had certain infringement.In addition, the consumed power of Inductive ballast own is also more, also needs enamel covered wire and silicon steel sheet, and fluorescent tube has the current value of an optimal luminescent efficient, because the cycle of alternating current changes, some electric current surpasses this optimum amounts of current, causes waste of electric energy.And at the very difficult starter in the lower rural area of voltage ratio.Therefore, nearly twenty or thirty over year a lot of engineers and technicians considering the method how to replace always.
Holland PHILIPS Co. is in early eighties, at first developed a kind of electric ballast that can under high frequency state (30～60 kilo hertzs), work, because its luminous efficiency height, can be at starter under the low-voltage, without copper material and steel, therefore it is paid attention to once occurring being subjected to people immediately, wishes to replace original Inductive ballast with it.China China National Light Industrial Products Department also classifies it as emphasis and supports one of product.But it does not fundamentally eliminate stroboscopic phenomenon, and the low frequency stroboscopic does not thoroughly solve yet, and is at mains frequencies modulated high frequency.That is to say that the low frequency stroboscopic of existing 50 hertz or 60 hertz has 30～60 hertz high frequency stroboscopic again, just lighter than Inductive ballast on the degree of low frequency stroboscopic, smaller to visual acuity affected.
The objective of the invention is aforementioned fluorescent lamp is improved, make by lamp tube current and change electric current direct current stably into by original alternating current, thereby provide a kind of and can reduce ballast power consumption, improve the fluorescent tube luminous efficiency, can keep not having the energy-saving health fluorescent lamp of stroboscopic and low-voltage starter again.
This fluorescent lamp comprises fluorescent tube, dc electronic ballast and three parts of light fixture.The dc electronic ballast is a combinational circuit (as shown in Figure 1), and it comprises multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits (frame of broken lines 1), reduction voltage circuit (frame of broken lines 2), bridge rectifier filter circuit (frame of broken lines 3), transistor current stabilization circuit (frame of broken lines 4) and protective circuit (frame of broken lines 5).Be connected to isolating diode D6 between multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits and the bridge rectifier filter circuit, the high pressure that prevents multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits flows into bridge rectifier filter circuit and high pressure is reduced, and provides path for the voltage of bridge rectifier filter circuit is added to the fluorescent tube two end electrodes simultaneously.Civil power connects bridge rectifier filter circuit behind reduction voltage circuit, the required operating voltage of the voltage that makes dc electronic ballast output and fluorescent tube conforms to.The bridge rectifier filter circuit positive pole connects fluorescent tube one termination electrode after diode D6, transistor current stabilization circuit and protective circuit, negative pole connects fluorescent tube other end electrode.The position of transistor current stabilization circuit, protective circuit and fluorescent tube three series connection is interchangeable.The dc electronic ballast realize to lamp tube electrode produce that high pressure triggers starter and with alternating current to galvanic conversion stably.Its operation principle is as follows: multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits are added to the fluorescent tube two ends after producing high pressure, make tube starting.Because this circuit internal resistance is very big,, and then after passing through diode D6, transistor current stabilization circuit and protective circuit, bridge rectifier filter circuit supplies the fluorescent tube electricity consumption by the reduction voltage circuit step-down in case the fluorescent tube starter just loses the effect that continues to apply high pressure.Behind originally the alternating current process reduction voltage circuit and bridge rectifier filter circuit; converted the direct current of stable operating voltage to; pass through diode D6, transistor current stabilization circuit and protective circuit again, what be added to fluorescent tube is direct current stably, thereby has avoided the generation of stroboscopic phenomenon.After a period of time, the luminosity of positive terminal can weaken fluorescent tube at logical direct current, and the way that solves this phenomenon is to use the light fixture of suitable insulation effect.
Multiplication of voltage in the above-mentioned dc electronic ballast or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits can be formed by connecting by two or more capacitors and corresponding diode.What provide in the accompanying drawing is the voltage tripler rectifier circuit that is formed by connecting by three capacitor C 1, C2, C3 and corresponding diode D1, D2, D3, and it can be increased to voltage original three times, reaches volt (supply voltage is 220 volts of interchanges) more than 900.According to the difference of fluorescent tube starting voltage, the difference of supply voltage (220 volts 50 hertz and 110 volts 60 hertz) can be designed to two multiplication of voltages, three multiplication of voltages, four multiplication of voltages or more voltage doubling rectifing circuits with multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits.Above-mentioned reduction voltage circuit is formed in parallel by capacitor C 4 and resistance R 1.The operating voltage of general fluorescent tube is between 45～110 volts, after inserting reduction voltage circuit between the bridge rectifier filter circuit of dc electronic ballast and 220 volts or the 110 volts of civil powers, can make the requirement of the voltage conforms fluorescent tube operating voltage of dc electronic ballast output, also play metering function simultaneously.Resistance R 1 is to be capacitor C 4 discharge usefulness, makes the attaching plug of fluorescent lamp pull up on the plug of back not charged.Above-mentioned bridge rectifier filter circuit can be formed by connecting by four diode D4, electrochemical capacitor C5 and resistance R 2, and resistance R 2 is for capacitor C 5 discharge usefulness, makes capacitor C 5 not charged after lamp is turned off.Above-mentioned transistor current stabilization circuit can be formed by connecting by transistor V1, resistance R 3, R4 and electrochemical capacitor C6.Above-mentioned protective circuit is formed in parallel by current-limiting resistance R6 and controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit; the controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit is formed by connecting by controllable silicon V2, diode D7, resistance R 7, voltage-stabiliser tube W and electrochemical capacitor C7; D7 and R7 connect the V2 positive pole, and W connects the V2 control utmost point, and C7 connects the V2 negative pole.Transistor V1 has been the barretter of current stabilization effect.R6 is a current-limiting resistance, and when fluorescent tube was just lighted, capacitor C 5 discharging currents were bigger, can burn out transistor V1, can protect transistor V1 after connecting current-limiting resistance R6.But behind lamp tube starting, R6 consumes certain electric energy again, and heating, the bigger fluorescent lamp of power particularly, general fluorescent tube power is more than 16 watts, and the electric energy that resistance R 6 consumes is more, sends more heat simultaneously, cause waste of electric energy, thus in parallel with the controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit with resistance R 6.About half second behind the lamp tube starting, the controllable silicon conducting makes not consumed power of resistance R 6.When fluorescent tube is just lighted, electric current flows to fluorescent tube through resistance R 6, and in the pressure drop that produces on the R6 more than 10 volts, the electric current that this pressure drop produced flows to electrochemical capacitor C7 through resistance R 7, about about half second, when the voltage that electrochemical capacitor C7 is filled surpasses the voltage stabilizing value of voltage-stabiliser tube W, W conducting, also conducting of controllable silicon V2, electric current flows to fluorescent tube through controllable silicon V2, pressure drop on the resistance R 6 disappears, and the electricity that electrochemical capacitor C7 is filled bleeds off through diode D7 and controllable silicon V2, is preparing another time charging.Because transistor current stabilization circuit, protective circuit and fluorescent tube three are connected between the both positive and negative polarity of electrochemical capacitor C5 by D6; no matter how this three's position exchanges; protective circuit can both play the effect of restriction C5 discharging current, makes the C5 discharging current not too large and current stabilization transistor V1 is burnt out.
Reduction voltage circuit (frame of broken lines 2) is connected the back by diode D6 and voltage doubling rectifing circuit (frame of broken lines 1) parallel connection with bridge rectifier filter circuit (frame of broken lines 3), connect with transistor current stabilization circuit (frame of broken lines 4), protective circuit (frame of broken lines 5) and fluorescent tube again.When the switch opens energized; voltage doubling rectifing circuit produces high pressure and makes the fluorescent tube starter; high pressure disappears behind the starter, then supplies with fluorescent tube direct current stably by reduction voltage circuit, bridge rectifier filter circuit, transistor current stabilization circuit and protective circuit series connection back.
Resistance R 5 and starter bulb are composed in series fluorescent tube negative pole filament pre-heating starting circuit, are connected between another contact of bridge rectifier D4 positive pole and fluorescent tube negative pole (Fig. 1), and the U-shaped bimetal leaf connects negative pole, and static contact connects positive pole, and starting speed is very fast.As between bridge rectifier D4 positive pole and filter capacitor C5, inserting diode D5(Fig. 2), better effects if like this, filter capacitor C5 can not discharge during filament pre-heating, reduces the impact of electric current to filament.
Lower-powered fluorescent lamp, general fluorescent tube power are below 16 watts and 16 watts, and the electric energy of resistance R 6 consumption is less, thereby the controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit can omit (Fig. 3), and promptly V2, D7, R7, W and C7 can omit.
Starter bulb and resistance R 5 also can be connected between the filament of fluorescent tube two ends (Fig. 4).It is also passable to use relay instead as starter bulb.
Starter bulb and resistance R 5 are omitted, and can carry out cold starter (Fig. 5) to fluorescent tube.
The dc electronic ballast is different from voltage-doubler rectifier, voltage-doubler rectifier impacts very big to fluorescent tube, reason is that the current waveform of voltage-doubler rectifier is discontinuous, and it is by the fluorescent tube that constantly starts light, and this has just shortened the useful life of fluorescent tube, make stroboscopic more terrible simultaneously, per second has 50 pulses, and just per second dodges 50 times, and eyes also be can't stand, not luminous between two subpulses, thereby luminous efficiency is low.The dc electronic ballast only just has high pressure to light fluorescent tube when turning on light, and has not just had high pressure later on, so the fluorescent tube long service life, luminous is continuously, and as natural daylight, vision protection has also improved luminous efficiency.This dc electronic ballast can be used for various straight tubes and shape tube fluorescent lamp, forms the series energy-saving health fluorescent lamp.
The present invention replaces the Inductive ballast of original fluorescent lamp owing to designed the dc electronic ballast, thereby can convert operating current to direct current stably by original alternating current, has eliminated the stroboscopic phenomenon that makes people's worry, vision protection.In addition, power savings is also fairly obvious.Its reason is that direct current can be transferred near the current value of fluorescent tube optimal luminescent efficient, has reduced the waste of electric current, and the power ratio Inductive ballast that dc ballast itself consumes is little.
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of energy-saving health fluorescent lamp.Wherein frame of broken lines 1 is multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits; frame of broken lines 2 is a reduction voltage circuit, and frame of broken lines 3 is a bridge rectifier filter circuit, and frame of broken lines 4 is the transistor current stabilization circuit; frame of broken lines 5 is a protective circuit, and starter bulb and resistance R 5 are composed in series the filament pre-heating starting circuit.
Fig. 2 inserts diode D5 between bridge rectifier D4 positive pole and filter capacitor C5, filter capacitor C5 does not discharge during filament pre-heating, reduces the impact of electric current to filament.
Fig. 3 be fluorescent tube power below 16 watts and 16 watts, the electric energy that resistance R 6 consumes is less, the controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit can omit.
Fig. 4 is connected between the filament of fluorescent tube two ends for starter bulb and resistance R 5.
Fig. 5 carries out cold starter for omitting starter bulb and resistance R 5 to fluorescent tube.
Embodiment:
1,40W fluorescent lamp: diode D is 1N4007, and triode V1 is 3DD15A or SDD13005, and controllable silicon V2 is MCR100-6, voltage-stabiliser tube W is 2CW54, and capacitor C 1～C3 is 0.01 μ F630V, and C4 is 9 μ F250V, electrochemical capacitor C5 is 150 μ F330V, and C6 is 100 μ F16V, and C7 is 22 μ F10V, resistance R 1 is 220K, R2 is 330K, and R3, R4 are 2K, and R5 is 51 Ω, R6 is 100 Ω, and R7 is 100K.
2,9W fluorescent lamp: diode D is 1N4007, and triode V1 is DD01A or SDD13003, and capacitor C 1～C3 is 0.01 μ F630V, and C4 is 2.4 μ F250V, electrochemical capacitor C5 is 40 μ F330V, and C6 is 100 μ F16V, and resistance R 1 is 220K, R2 is 330K, and R3, R4 are 3K, and R5, R6 are 51 Ω.

Claims (8)

1; a kind of energy-saving health fluorescent lamp; comprise fluorescent tube; three parts of dc electronic ballast and light fixture; it is characterized in that the dc electronic ballast comprises multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits; reduction voltage circuit; bridge rectifier filter circuit; transistor current stabilization circuit and protective circuit; be connected to isolating diode D6 between multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits and the bridge rectifier filter circuit; bridge rectifier filter circuit is behind diode D6; one utmost point connects fluorescent tube one termination electrode; another utmost point connects fluorescent tube other end electrode, transistor current stabilization circuit after transistor current stabilization circuit and protective circuit; protective circuit and fluorescent tube three connect mutually.
2, energy-saving health fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 is characterized in that multiplication of voltage or many voltage doubling rectifing circuits are formed by connecting by two or more capacitors and corresponding diode.
3, energy-saving health fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 is characterized in that reduction voltage circuit is made of capacitor C 4 and resistance R 1 parallel connection.
4, energy-saving health fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 is characterized in that bridge rectifier filter circuit is formed by connecting by four diode D4, electrochemical capacitor C5 and resistance R 2.
5, energy-saving health fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 is characterized in that the transistor current stabilization circuit is formed by connecting by transistor V1, resistance R 3, R4 and electrochemical capacitor C6.
6, energy-saving health fluorescent lamp according to claim 1; it is characterized in that protective circuit is formed in parallel by current-limiting resistance R6 and controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit; the controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit is formed by connecting by controllable silicon V2, diode D7, resistance R 7, voltage-stabiliser tube W and electrochemical capacitor C7; D7 and R7 connect the V2 positive pole; W connects the V2 control utmost point, and C7 connects the V2 negative pole.
7, energy-saving health fluorescent lamp according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
(1) above-mentioned fluorescent tube power is below 16 watts and 16 watts;
(2) protective circuit in the above-mentioned dc electronic ballast is saved the controllable silicon delay turn-on circuit.
8, energy-saving health fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 is characterized in that starter bulb and resistance R 5 are composed in series the filament pre-heating starting circuit, are connected between another contact of bridge rectifier positive pole and fluorescent tube negative pole, or are connected between the lamp tube ends filament.
CN 93112478 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Energy-saving health fluorescent lamp Expired - Fee Related CN1031842C (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 93112478 CN1031842C (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Energy-saving health fluorescent lamp
PCT/GB1993/002496 WO1995002311A1 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-12-06 A non-stroboscopic energy-saving fluorescent lamp
AU56550/94A AU5655094A (en) 1993-07-06 1993-12-06 A non-stroboscopic energy-saving fluorescent lamp
TW82110465A TW276310B (en) 1993-07-06 1993-12-08
MX9403932A MX9403932A (en) 1993-07-06 1994-05-26 NON-STROBOSCOPIC FLUORESCENT LAMP FOR ENERGY SAVING.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 93112478 CN1031842C (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Energy-saving health fluorescent lamp

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1079282A true CN1079282A (en) 1993-12-08
CN1031842C CN1031842C (en) 1996-05-22

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CN 93112478 Expired - Fee Related CN1031842C (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Energy-saving health fluorescent lamp

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CN (1) CN1031842C (en)
AU (1) AU5655094A (en)
MX (1) MX9403932A (en)
TW (1) TW276310B (en)
WO (1) WO1995002311A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001027522A1 (en) * 1999-10-10 2001-04-19 Zhenping Lu Dc fluorescent lamp without stroboscopic effect
CN102171623A (en) * 2008-08-21 2011-08-31 松下电工株式会社 Load controller
CN105953083A (en) * 2016-05-30 2016-09-21 王松来 No-strobe, no-radiation and no-blue-ray-harm direct-current fluorescent lamp

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1003355A1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-24 Yousef Husni Barikhan Starting booster device for discharge lamp
DE10125510A1 (en) * 2001-05-23 2002-12-05 Innolux Gmbh fluorescent lamp circuit
CN1310575C (en) * 2003-05-23 2007-04-11 陆镇平 Non-stroboscopic energy-saving direct-current fluorescent lamp
GB2448560A (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-22 Cyden Ltd Drive circuit for discharge tube

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2036795A1 (en) * 1970-07-24 1972-01-27 Kaiser W Circuit for igniting and maintaining gas discharges
US4500812A (en) * 1983-02-14 1985-02-19 Gte Products Corporation Electronic ballast circuit
US5072160A (en) * 1988-07-13 1991-12-10 Yang Tai Her Device for periodically alternating bulb polarities of a DC fluorescent lighting system
TW299558B (en) * 1992-04-03 1997-03-01 Hubbell Inc

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001027522A1 (en) * 1999-10-10 2001-04-19 Zhenping Lu Dc fluorescent lamp without stroboscopic effect
CN102171623A (en) * 2008-08-21 2011-08-31 松下电工株式会社 Load controller
CN102171623B (en) * 2008-08-21 2013-11-27 松下电器产业株式会社 Load controller and load controlling system thereof
CN105953083A (en) * 2016-05-30 2016-09-21 王松来 No-strobe, no-radiation and no-blue-ray-harm direct-current fluorescent lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW276310B (en) 1996-05-21
WO1995002311A1 (en) 1995-01-19
MX9403932A (en) 1995-01-31
CN1031842C (en) 1996-05-22
AU5655094A (en) 1995-02-06

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