CN107926348A - 一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂及使用方法 - Google Patents

一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂及使用方法 Download PDF

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CN107926348A
CN107926348A CN201711362421.9A CN201711362421A CN107926348A CN 107926348 A CN107926348 A CN 107926348A CN 201711362421 A CN201711362421 A CN 201711362421A CN 107926348 A CN107926348 A CN 107926348A
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唐启源
王晓敏
郑华斌
邓化冰
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    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N45/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂及使用方法,该活力优化剂包含微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素,所述微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素的质量比为10.0:3.0~4.0:5.0~5.5:2.0~2.5。本发明的活力优化剂的施用可有效的均衡种子内含物中各微量元素,提高其含量;提高种子发育过程对外部不良环境的抗性,优化种子灌浆,极大地促进种子活力形成,种子发芽率和发芽势均提高1~5%,活力指数提高10%左右。

Description

一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂及使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及杂交水稻制种技术,特别是一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂及其使用方法。
背景技术
种子活力是一个综合性的指标,是指种子在萌发、出苗、成苗能力大小及特性的综合表现,即活力大的种子萌发早、出苗成苗率高,对恶劣环境条件适应能力强。种子的活力除受个体发育状况和种子遗传特性的影响外,种子活力还受很多外界因素影响,包括种子发育条件(营养条件、母体的生命力、种植密度、光温水气条件),以及收获时间和收获后的种子干燥措施,以上都是影响种子活力高低的限制因子。
发明专利CN201510181510.8公开了一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的田间外源激素喷施方法,在杂交水稻母本稻穗于灌浆期通过喷施赤霉酸和吲哚乙酸外源激素,有效提高杂交水稻F1代种子活力和产量,主要用于在种子入库贮藏期间保持和延长水稻种子胚的活力,没有涉及到杂交水稻制种过程的技术措施。
王晓敏等研究发现:制种产量和质量是选择基地时需要衡量的关键性因素。Ⅱ优838在桂东、绥宁的制种实际产量极显著高于永安的制种产量,并且桂东和绥宁制种的种子活力指数显著高于永安,但并未公布具体的栽培措施。
发明内容
为了改善杂交水稻制种过程由于栽培技术、以及收获加工措施不适宜导致的杂交种子活力偏低的问题,本发明旨在提供一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂及其使用方法。
本发明的技术方案为:一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂,包含微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素,所述微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素的质量比为10.0:3.0~4.0:5.0~5.5:2.0~2.5。
进一步地,所述微量元素包括Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀土元素中的一种或多种,且微量元素以相应元素的螯合物的形式存在。进一步地,所述螯合物由微量元素阳离子与螯合剂反应生成,进一步地,所述螯合剂可以为EDTA、柠檬酸等。
进一步地,所述活力优化剂中Mg的含量为10~30g/L,Mn的含量为10~30g/L,Zn的含量为50~90g/L,Ca的含量为5~10g/L,稀土元素的含量为1~3g/L,且Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀有元素的总含量≥100g/L。
进一步地,所述活力优化剂中Mg的含量为15~25g/L,Mn的含量为15~25g/L,Zn的含量为55~80g/L,Ca的含量为7~8g/L,稀土元素的含量为1.5~2.5g/L,且Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀有元素的总含量≥100g/L。
如上所述的活力优化剂的使用方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将活力优化剂稀释15~600倍,获得活力优化剂稀释液;
(2)将步骤(1)中的活力剂优化剂稀释液喷施到水稻母本叶面上。
进一步地,选用人工喷雾法或机械喷雾法进行喷施,当采用人工喷雾法时,在步骤(1)中将活力优化剂稀释400~600倍;当选用机械喷雾法时,在步骤(1)中将活力优化剂稀释15~20倍。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,在授粉期间或授粉结束后进行喷施。
本发明中,活力优化剂中微量元素以螯合物形式存在,水溶性好,容易被水稻叶面吸收,这样在喷施后,微量元素能较快地被水稻吸收,快速发挥作用,优化种子灌浆,均衡种子内含物中各微量元素,极大地促进种子活力形成。
本发明的活力优化剂的施用可有效的均衡种子内含物中各微量元素,提高其含量,有效提高种子发育过程对外部不良环境的抗性;优化了种子灌浆,极大地促进种子活力形成,种子发芽率和发芽势均提高1~5%,活力指数提高10%左右。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂,包含微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素,所述微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素的质量比为10.0:3.5:5.25:2.25。
其中,所述微量元素包括Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀土元素,且微量元素以相应元素的螯合物的形式存在。所述活力优化剂中Mg的含量为15g/L,Mn的含量为15g/L,Zn的含量为75g/L,Ca的含量为7.5g/L,稀土元素的含量为1.5g/L,且Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀有元素的总含量≥100g/L。
申请人于2016年在绥宁县某杂交水稻制种试验基地进行了相关试验,该试验基地地处丘陵区,昼夜温差大,日均温度约为27℃。试验时,栽培方法包括如下步骤:
(1)杂交水稻制种区域选择:选用如上所述的丘陵区作为栽培土地;
配套合理施肥模式,一是以有机肥和无机肥配合施用;二是肥料集中施用,即全部有机肥以基肥形式施用,90%的无机肥以基肥和分蘖肥形式施用,10%的无机肥根据水稻生长情况适当追肥;
控制父母本行比为1:5;
(2)花期喷施“九二〇”,喷施量采用各组合制种推荐用量的高值,喷施量为600g/hm2
人工辅助授粉(赶粉)天数在常规基础之上减少1~2天;
赶粉期间连续使用“九二〇”喷施3天,每天1次,每次60g/hm2左右;
(3)赶粉期间喷施“九二〇”时喷施如上所述的活力优化剂;
(4)授粉后15~20天期间内,当母本稻穗的黄熟度为75%左右时进行收获;
(5)采用烘干机或烤烟烤房低温慢速干燥,如果种子收获前2~5天无明显降雨(降雨量小于5mm),种子含水量低于30%,可采用35℃烘24~30h,再调整40℃烘40~50h;如果种子收获前1~2天降雨(降雨量大于5mm),种子含水量则高于30%,应采用不加热的自然风循环12~24h,再采用35℃烘24~30h再调整40℃烘40~50h。
同时期,在该试验基地以传统杂交水稻制种栽培方法进行制种,作为对照组,除去实施例中步骤(3),其他步骤均匀实施例一致。
对收获的种子进行标准发芽和低温发芽测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1本发明和对照组方法所得种子活力情况表
从表1可明显看出,本发明的栽培方法获得的种子活力明显要高于传统方法。
上述实施例阐明的内容应当理解为这些实施例仅用于更清楚地说明本发明,而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落入本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种提高杂交水稻种子活力的活力优化剂,其特征在于,包含微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素,所述微量元素、诱抗素、芸苔素内脂和赤霉素的质量比为10.0:3.0~4.0:5.0~5.5:2.0~2.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活力优化剂,其特征在于,所述微量元素包括Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀土元素中的一种或多种,且微量元素以相应元素的螯合物的形式存在。
3.根据权利要求2所述的活力优化剂,其特征在于,所述活力优化剂中Mg的含量为10~30g/L,Mn的含量为10~30g/L,Zn的含量为50~90g/L,Ca的含量为5~10g/L,稀土元素的含量为1~3g/L,且Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀有元素的总含量≥100g/L。
4.根据权利要求2所述的活力优化剂,其特征在于,所述活力优化剂中Mg的含量为15~25g/L,Mn的含量为15~25g/L,Zn的含量为55~80g/L,Ca的含量为7~8g/L,稀土元素的含量为1.5~2.5g/L,且Mg、Mn、Zn、Ca和稀有元素的总含量≥100g/L。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的活力优化剂的使用方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将活力优化剂稀释15~600倍,获得活力优化剂稀释液;
(2)将步骤(1)中的活力剂优化剂稀释液喷施到水稻母本叶面上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的使用方法,其特征在于,选用人工喷雾法或机械喷雾法进行喷施,当采用人工喷雾法时,在步骤(1)中将活力优化剂稀释400~600倍;当选用机械喷雾法时,在步骤(1)中将活力优化剂稀释15~20倍。
7.根据权利要求5所述的使用方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,在授粉期间或授粉结束后进行喷施。
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