CN107918280B - Oil refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method with mixed pinch method and superstructure method - Google Patents

Oil refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method with mixed pinch method and superstructure method Download PDF

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CN107918280B
CN107918280B CN201711169789.3A CN201711169789A CN107918280B CN 107918280 B CN107918280 B CN 107918280B CN 201711169789 A CN201711169789 A CN 201711169789A CN 107918280 B CN107918280 B CN 107918280B
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曹萃文
顾幸生
王宁
张正明
冯响
刘禹含
丁万超
袁岩
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East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to an oil refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method with a mixed pinch point method and a superstructure method. The method has the advantages that a pinch point analysis method with engineering advantages and a superstructure method with theoretical analysis advantages are well fused, the defects of the pinch point analysis method and the superstructure method are avoided, the hydrogen source and the hydrogen trap can be more reasonably matched on the premise of not changing hydrogen network equipment and pipe network arrangement of the oil refinery, the consumption of pure hydrogen and the discharge amount of hydrogen gas are reduced, the technical level of hydrogen network optimization scheduling of the oil refinery is greatly improved, the economic benefit of an enterprise is improved, and the competitiveness is enhanced.

Description

Oil refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method with mixed pinch method and superstructure method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for carrying out optimized scheduling on a hydrogen network of an oil refinery, which is a method for solving the pinch point by a hydrogen pinch point graphical method instead of solving the pinch point by computer language programming (without graphical processing), further carrying out scheduling modeling on the hydrogen network of the oil refinery by mixing the solved pinch point serving as pinch point constraint with a superstructure normal programming model and finally carrying out global optimization solving by a simplex method.
Background
Hydrogen resources play a very important role in the aspect of traditional energy deep processing, while the petroleum refining industry is the largest end market for hydrogen consumption, which accounts for about 90% of the total global hydrogen consumption (1. chenfeng' e. the global hydrogen demand will increase rapidly in the coming years. oil refining technology and engineering 2011,41: 60). The oil refining enterprise can realize the purposes of increasing the number of crude oil deep processing, stopping or slightly starting a hydrogen production device, efficiently using various hydrogen resources and reducing waste by reasonably arranging measures of hydrogen production and consumption balance, strengthening hydrogen management, optimizing a hydrogen network and the like, thereby realizing the purposes of saving the production cost of an oil refinery and improving the economic benefit and the enterprise competitiveness. Currently, methods for performing optimal scheduling on a hydrogen network at home and abroad mainly include a pinch point analysis method and a superstructure method.
The pinch point analysis method was proposed by Linnhoff and Hindmarsh (2 Linnhoff B, Hindmarsh E. the pin design method for heat exchange networks. chemical engineering science 1983,5: 745-. Towler et al (3 Towler GP, Mann R, Serriere A J, Gabaude C M.Refinery Hydrogen management: chemical-integrated efficiencies, Industrial & Engineering chemical research, 1996,35(7): 2378-. The pinch point analysis method is a direct graphical method, is simple and easy to understand, is convenient to operate and execute, and is popular in the industry.
The superstructure method is modeled by a general mathematical programming model and is an important research method in process system engineering. In 2001 Hallae & Liu ([4] Hallae N, Liu F.Refinery hydrogen management for clean fuels production. Advances in Environmental research.2001,6(1):81-98) first proposed the application of the superstructure method to the management problem of hydrogen networks. The superstructure method is primarily used for establishing a mathematical programming model consistent with actual engineering, and the model comprises an objective function and constraint conditions. The models can be further classified into Linear Programming (LP), Nonlinear Programming (NLP), Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), and Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) models. The superstructure method has strong universality and flexibility and is well received by the theoretical community.
The hydrogen pinch point analysis method is based on a graph method, has clear physical meaning, produces and consumes hydrogen with any purity by each device at a glance, and can obtain the minimum value of hydrogen consumption (new hydrogen consumption and fuel gas emission) of a hydrogen system through the analysis of a pinch point diagram. The method is simple and easy to understand, is convenient to operate and execute, and is highly favored by the industry. However, the pinch point analysis method also has the constraint conditions (such as the change of the purity of the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device, the increase or decrease of the hydrogen production device, the layout of a hydrogen pipe network, the purification or compression efficiency and the like) which cannot be considered from the practical point at the same time; although the minimum value of the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen system can be obtained, the optimal operation point of the hydrogen network cannot be directly obtained; for a large-scale complex hydrogen network, due to the accuracy limitation of a mapping method, the accurate pinch point position cannot be obtained, multi-objective optimization cannot be performed, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the superstructure method is modeled by a general mathematical programming model, and the solution is solved by adopting an optimization solving method of the general mathematical programming model, so that the superstructure method has strong universality and flexibility, and is developed rapidly after being proposed in 2001. However, the similarity between the superstructure model and the actual production process determines the accuracy of the superstructure model, the requirement for establishing an accurate model is very strict, the closer the objective function and the constraint condition are to the actual condition, the better the actual condition is, but in the actual engineering application, the situation that the constraint condition is simplified or approximate often exists, further, unreasonable conditions that the optimal solution obtained by the superstructure model cannot meet the minimum value of the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen system obtained by the pinch point analysis method, the multiple groups of optimal solutions obtained by the superstructure model cannot automatically judge which group of solutions best meets the actual engineering requirements and the like occur, and great difficulty is brought to the actual engineering application of the superstructure. In the prior art (5 Liugui lotus, Liu Yong faithful, Zhao Zhenghui, Feng xiao and Tangmingyuan Chinese invention patent, namely 'a method for determining the pure hydrogen quantity and flow of the pinch point of a hydrogen network system', CN 1815227A), the proposed pinch point graphical method is different from the invention, the pinch point is still obtained through a graph, and the result obtained by the pinch point method is not applied to a superstructure method model.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an oil refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method.
The invention combines an LP model of a superstructure method of hydrogen network optimization of an oil refinery, and provides a method for finding hydrogen network pinch points by using a computer programming technology on the basis of a hydrogen pinch point graphical method principle. After the hydrogen production flow of all hydrogen sources and the impurity concentration of the corresponding hydrogen, the hydrogen consumption flow of all hydrogen traps and the maximum impurity concentration data of the corresponding hydrogen are converted into a computer program according to the thought, the pinch point position can be directly positioned by one-time operation, and the minimum accurate data of the hydrogen consumption (new hydrogen consumption and fuel gas emission) of the corresponding hydrogen network can be obtained without graphical processing. And then establishing pinch point constraints (including new hydrogen consumption constraints and fuel gas emission constraints) by using the obtained pinch point data, blending the pinch point constraints into a superstructure LP model for mixed modeling, and finally performing global optimization solution based on a simplex method.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an oil refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, positioning pinch points of a hydrogen source compound curve and a hydrogen trap compound curve by utilizing a hydrogen pinch point graphical method principle, and obtaining corresponding minimum new hydrogen consumption and minimum fuel gas emission;
s2, establishing pinch point constraints by using the obtained pinch point position, the minimum new hydrogen consumption and the minimum gas emission, adding the pinch point constraints in a superstructure LP model, and establishing a hybrid LP model, wherein the hybrid model respectively considers two targets of the minimum new hydrogen consumption and the minimum hydrogen remaining amount, and the pinch point constraints comprise the minimum new hydrogen consumption constraints and the minimum gas emission constraints;
and S3, performing global optimization on the mixed model based on the simplex algorithm to obtain a global optimal operation point of hydrogen network scheduling meeting the pinch point rule, and using the global optimal operation point to guide actual production.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention solves the pinch point based on the principle of a hydrogen pinch point graphical method, establishes pinch point constraint by using the solved pinch point, is fused into a superstructure LP model for mixed modeling, and respectively considers two targets of minimum new hydrogen consumption and minimum hydrogen residual. The hybrid modeling method overcomes the defects that the original pinch point analysis method cannot consider actual constraint conditions as much as possible from the practical point and cannot directly obtain accurate operation points; the defects that the obtained optimal solution cannot meet the minimum value of hydrogen consumption (new hydrogen consumption and fuel gas emission) of a hydrogen network obtained by a pinch point analysis method due to low model accuracy of an original superstructure LP model and cannot automatically judge which optimal solution is the most suitable for the actual industrial production requirement due to the fact that multiple groups of optimal solutions are obtained are overcome.
The method used by the invention can ensure that the optimal solution obtained by the superstructure LP model mixed with pinch point constraints can simultaneously meet the minimum value of hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen network obtained by the pinch point method, and can quickly and accurately obtain the reasonable optimal target value and the accurate operating point required by the optimized scheduling of the hydrogen network according with the engineering requirements. The method has the advantages that a pinch point analysis method with engineering advantages and a superstructure method with theoretical analysis advantages are well fused, the defects of the pinch point analysis method and the superstructure method are overcome, universality is realized, the hydrogen source and the hydrogen trap can be more reasonably matched under the existing production devices and technical conditions of large-scale oil refining enterprises, the consumption of new hydrogen and the emission of fuel gas are reduced, and the hydrogen network management level and the economic benefit of the oil refining enterprises are greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1a-c are flow charts of pinch point location, resulting in minimum fresh hydrogen consumption and minimum gas emission for a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen source recombination curve and a hydrogen trap recombination curve for determining the translation distance vector XX.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Step (1): and (3) carrying out programming by using a computer language, accurately positioning pinch points based on a hydrogen pinch point graphical method, and obtaining accurate data corresponding to the minimum value (minimum new hydrogen consumption and minimum gas emission) of hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen network.
The idea is as follows: acquiring the abscissa and the ordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen source composite curve and the abscissa and the ordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve; calculating the translation distance according to the position of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap compound curve (broken line) on the translated hydrogen source compound curve; and comparing the translation distance to obtain the minimum translation distance so as to obtain a pinch point, the minimum new hydrogen consumption and the minimum gas emission. The flow chart of the procedure is shown in fig. 1.
Description is given:
j: a set of hydrogen sources, J ═ 1,2sc}；
K: a set of hydrogen traps, K ═ 1,2sk}；
Zsc: vector of all hydrogen source impurity concentrations (%),
Figure BDA0001476458880000051
Zsk: maximum inlet limit concentration (%) vector of impurities for all hydrogen traps,
Figure BDA0001476458880000052
Ysc: vector of hydrogen purity (%) of all hydrogen sources,
Figure BDA0001476458880000053
Ysk: the minimum hydrogen purity (%) vector required for all hydrogen traps,
Figure BDA0001476458880000054
Figure BDA0001476458880000055
represents the maximum design supply flow (Nm) of all hydrogen sources3The vector of/h) is calculated,
Figure BDA0001476458880000056
Figure BDA0001476458880000057
represents the minimum hydrogen flow requirement (Nm) for all hydrogen traps3The vector of/h) is calculated,
Figure BDA0001476458880000058
Msc: represents the impurity loading vector (Nm) of all hydrogen sources3/h)，
Figure BDA0001476458880000059
Hadamard product;
Msk: represents the maximum impurity loading vector (Nm) of all hydrogen traps3/h)，
Figure BDA00014764588800000510
Hadamard product;
Figure BDA00014764588800000511
hydrogen purity (%) of hydrogen source J (∈ J);
Figure BDA00014764588800000512
minimum hydrogen purity (%) required for hydrogen trap K (∈ K);
Figure BDA00014764588800000513
impurity concentration (%) of hydrogen source J (∈ J);
Figure BDA00014764588800000514
maximum inlet limit concentration (%) of impurities of the hydrogen trap K (∈ K);
Figure BDA00014764588800000515
maximum design supply flow (Nm) of hydrogen source j3/h)；
Figure BDA00014764588800000516
Minimum hydrogen flow requirement (Nm) for hydrogen trap k3/h)；
Figure BDA0001476458880000061
Impurity loading (Nm) of hydrogen source j3/h)；
Figure BDA0001476458880000062
Maximum impurity loading (Nm) of hydrogen well k3/h)；
FNS: minimum New Hydrogen consumption (Nm)3/h)；
FWS: minimum gas emission (Nm)3/h)。
Wherein:
Figure BDA0001476458880000063
Figure BDA0001476458880000064
the method for acquiring the abscissa and the ordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen source compound curve and the abscissa and the ordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap compound curve comprises the following steps:
will ZskThe middle elements are sorted from small to large and are
Figure BDA0001476458880000065
Middle element and ZskThe middle elements correspond to one another;
will be provided with
Figure BDA0001476458880000066
The medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the abscissa of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve
Figure BDA0001476458880000067
By
Figure BDA0001476458880000068
Maximum impurity load of hydrogen trap
Figure BDA0001476458880000069
Will MskThe medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the vertical coordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve
Figure BDA00014764588800000610
Will ZscThe middle elements are sorted from small to large and are
Figure BDA00014764588800000611
Middle element and ZscThe middle elements correspond to one another;
will be provided with
Figure BDA00014764588800000612
The medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the abscissa of each intersection point of the hydrogen source compound curve
Figure BDA00014764588800000613
By
Figure BDA00014764588800000614
Obtaining the impurity load of the hydrogen source
Figure BDA00014764588800000615
Will MscThe medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the vertical coordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen source compound curve
Figure BDA00014764588800000616
The solution of the translation distance vector XX:
fig. 2 is a partially cut-away view of a hydrogen source complex line and a hydrogen well complex line for obtaining the translation distance vector XX. Judging the ordinate of each intersection point (such as point B) of the hydrogen trap compound curve
Figure BDA0001476458880000071
The ordinate of two end points (for example, the point C is the lower end point) of which hydrogen source line of the hydrogen source compound curve belongs to
Figure BDA0001476458880000072
And
Figure BDA0001476458880000073
according to the formula (1-4), the abscissa X of the point (such as the point A) corresponding to the intersection point (such as the point B) of the hydrogen trap compound curve on the non-translated hydrogen source compound curve is obtainedkThen, the difference between the abscissa of the point B and the abscissa of the point A is determined, as shown in equation (1-5), i.e., the distance XX of translation of the hydrogen source compound curve at the intersection point (e.g., point B)kCalculating the translation distance corresponding to each intersection point (such as point B) of the hydrogen trap compound curveTo obtain a translation distance vector
Figure BDA0001476458880000074
Due to the slope of the hydrogen source line (i.e., the impurity concentration of the hydrogen source, expressed in coordinates of points a and C):
Figure BDA0001476458880000075
the derivation can be found as follows:
Figure BDA0001476458880000076
Figure BDA0001476458880000077
judging conditions, a minimum translation distance solution and outputting data:
and moving the hydrogen source compound curve until the hydrogen source compound curve intersects with the hydrogen trap compound curve according to the definition of the hydrogen pinch point, wherein in the overlapping area, the hydrogen source compound curve is completely positioned below the hydrogen trap compound curve, and the intersection point of the hydrogen source compound curve and the hydrogen trap compound curve is the pinch point of the hydrogen network. And finding out the minimum translation distance on the premise that the hydrogen source compound curve in the overlapping region is below the hydrogen trap compound curve, wherein the corresponding intersection point (such as point B) of the hydrogen trap compound curve is the pinch point. Thus dealing first with each translation distance XXkJudging the conditions as formula (1-6).
Figure BDA0001476458880000078
XX is here represented by a first translation distance (i.e., the translation distance corresponding to the first intersection point of the hydrogen trap recombination curve)1For example, if each point (X) is a point AkIts abscissa) by shifting XX1Thereafter, still to the right of the hydrogen well recombination curve intersection point (e.g., point B), then it can be said that in the overlap region, the hydrogen source recombination curve is located completely below the hydrogen well recombination curve, i.e., XX1Is conditional, otherwise it is arrangedAnd (4) removing. Similarly, XX for each translation distancekBy performing such a determination, all candidate translation distances satisfying the condition can be obtained. Sorting all the alternative translation distances from small to large to obtain the minimum translation distance meeting the condition, assuming XX1For minimum translation distance, XX1The intersection point (such as point B) of the corresponding hydrogen trap compound curve is the pinch point
Figure BDA0001476458880000081
XX1I.e. the minimum new hydrogen consumption FNSIt should be noted that the new hydrogen is generally pure hydrogen (the purity of hydrogen gas is 100%), and if not pure hydrogen, the new hydrogen needs to be processed by subtracting the impurity concentration of the new hydrogen from the impurity concentration of the hydrogen source and the hydrogen trap. After treatment, the method is still applicable, but attention needs to be paid that the impurity concentration of the new hydrogen satisfies the condition of being less than that of other hydrogen sources. Corresponding minimum gas emission FWSAs shown in formulas (1-7).
Figure BDA0001476458880000082
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001476458880000083
and
Figure BDA0001476458880000084
respectively is the abscissa of the last point of the hydrogen source compound curve and the hydrogen trap compound curve.
Step (2): establishing pinch point constraints by utilizing the pinch point data obtained in the step (1), and fusing a superstructure method for hybrid modeling, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
① modeling of Hydrogen networks Using the superstructure model of Hydrogen networks, Hallale 2001&Liu[3]It is first proposed. The hydrogen network superstructure model is a mathematical programming model, and expresses the connection relationship between a hydrogen source and a hydrogen trap, and the model comprises an objective function (such as the targets of economy, quality, energy conservation, emission reduction, safety and the like of a hydrogen network) and constraint conditions (Such as flow constraints, purity constraints, etc.). The invention adopts a Linear Programming (LP) model to establish a superstructure model of a hydrogen network.
Constraint analysis:
the hydrogen outlet of a hydrogen Source (Source) device is similar to a flow divider in the modeling of a superstructure method, and the hydrogen stream output by the device can be divided into one or more streams to be conveyed to a hydrogen consumption device. Common sources of hydrogen are: a hydrogen production device, a purification device, a hydrogen consumption device which can utilize purchased fresh hydrogen and discharged dry gas, and the like. Although the hydrogen purity of each hydrogen source is slightly changed in the actual production process, the hydrogen purity of each hydrogen source in the hydrogen network is set as a fixed value when the superstructure is modeled due to the small change amplitude. The flow divider simply divides the hydrogen flow and cannot store redundant hydrogen, so the total flow of the hydrogen at the outlet of the flow divider is equal to the flow actually supplied by the hydrogen source.
The flow constraint of the hydrogen source is shown as the formula (2-1). It means that the sum of the flows of the hydrogen source j into the k hydrogen traps must be less than or equal to the maximum design supply flow of the hydrogen source j.
Figure BDA0001476458880000091
Fj,k: hydrogen flow rate (Nm) assigned by hydrogen source j to hydrogen trap k3/h)；
Figure BDA0001476458880000092
Maximum design supply flow (Nm) of hydrogen source j3/h)；
J: a set of hydrogen sources, J ═ 1,2sc}；
K: a set of hydrogen traps, K ═ 1,2sk}。
The hydrogen trap (Sink) devices are hydrogen consumption devices, the inlets of the hydrogen trap devices are similar to mixers, each hydrogen trap device can receive one or more hydrogen streams for mixing, and the mixed hydrogen streams meet the requirements of the devices on parameter indexes such as inlet hydrogen concentration, flow and the like. Common hydrogen traps are: reforming pre-hydrogenation, S-Zorb (catalytic cracking gasoline adsorption desulfurization), benzene extraction, aviation kerosene hydrogenation, diesel oil hydrogenation, wax oil hydrogenation, lubricating oil hydrogenation, hydrocracking, purification devices and the like.
The formula (2-2) shows that the total hydrogen flow rate of each hydrogen source flowing into the hydrogen trap k must be greater than or equal to the minimum hydrogen flow rate requirement of the hydrogen trap k.
Figure BDA0001476458880000093
Figure BDA0001476458880000094
Minimum hydrogen flow requirement (Nm) for hydrogen trap k3/h)。
The formula (2-3) shows that the purity of the hydrogen gas flowing into the hydrogen trap k from each hydrogen source is required to be greater than or equal to the hydrogen purity requirement of the hydrogen trap k.
Figure BDA0001476458880000095
Figure BDA0001476458880000096
Hydrogen purity (%) of hydrogen source J (∈ J);
Figure BDA0001476458880000097
minimum hydrogen purity (%) required for hydrogen trap K (∈ K).
Added pinch point constraint:
the principle of pinch point constraint establishment proposed by the invention is as follows: and (3) adding the superstructure model established in the step (2), wherein the minimum value of the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen system public works obtained by applying the pinch point method program in the step (1) is met, namely the constraint that the new hydrogen consumption and the fuel gas emission are equal to the minimum result obtained by the pinch point method is met.
Therefore, the sum of the flow rates of all the new hydrogen j' flowing into the hydrogen trap k should be equal to the minimum new hydrogen consumption amount obtained by the pinch point method program, so that the minimum new hydrogen consumption amount of the newly added pinch point method is constrained as shown in equation (2-4).
Figure BDA0001476458880000101
J': the collection of new hydrogen, which in engineering generally refers to the hydrogen source with the highest hydrogen purity in the hydrogen network, and
Figure BDA0001476458880000102
Fj',k: hydrogen flow rate (Nm) of new hydrogen j' distributed to hydrogen trap k3/h)；
FNS: minimum New Hydrogen consumption (Nm) by the pinch-off procedure in step (1)3/h)。
According to the principle of hydrogen network system matching of the pinch point analysis method, the hydrogen source below the pinch point (namely, the hydrogen purity of the hydrogen source is higher than that of the hydrogen source at the pinch point, or the impurity concentration of the hydrogen source is lower than that of the hydrogen source at the pinch point) is not used as fuel gas for emission. Therefore, only the hydrogen source above (including) the pinch point is discharged as fuel gas. Therefore, the sum of the residual hydrogen quantities of all the hydrogen sources j' with hydrogen purity less than or equal to the hydrogen purity at the pinch point should be equal to the minimum gas discharge quantity obtained by the pinch point method program, so that the constraint of the minimum gas discharge quantity of the newly added pinch point method is shown as the formula (2-5).
Figure BDA0001476458880000103
J': a set of hydrogen sources having a hydrogen purity less than or equal to the hydrogen purity at the pinch point, an
Figure BDA0001476458880000104
Figure BDA0001476458880000105
Maximum design supply flow (Nm) for hydrogen source j' with hydrogen purity less than or equal to hydrogen purity at pinch point3/h)；
Fj″,k: a hydrogen source j' with a hydrogen purity less than or equal to the hydrogen purity at the pinch point is distributed toHydrogen flow rate (Nm) of hydrogen trap k3/h)；
FWS: minimum gas emission (Nm) obtained by the pinch-point method procedure in step (1)3/h)。
And determining an optimization target of a hydrogen network LP model mixed by a pinch point analysis method and a superstructure method:
the invention combines engineering practice to discuss two objective functions respectively: one is that the new hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen network is minimal and the other is that the total remaining amount of hydrogen of the hydrogen network is minimal.
The purity of the new hydrogen of oil refinery is high, and the production time and cost of the new hydrogen are high, therefore, the first objective of the present invention is to minimize the sum of the new hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen network as shown in formula (2-6).
Figure BDA0001476458880000106
At present, large and medium-sized domestic oil refining enterprises use a hydrogen pipe network as a hydrogen storage device, a separate storage tank is not set for hydrogen to carry out allowance storage, and redundant hydrogen in the pipe network is discharged to be combusted or discharged into a fuel system in the production process. Therefore, to reduce waste, a second object of the present invention is to minimize the total remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen network, as shown in equations (2-7).
Figure BDA0001476458880000111
And (3): solving the LP model established in the step (2) by using a simplex algorithm
The model established by the invention is a single-target LP model, and the optimal solution can be obtained by using software for conventionally solving the LP model. The invention solves the model on a VC + +6.0 software platform by using a simplex algorithm written by a C program. Respectively adopting the constraint of not adding pinch points; adding a minimum new hydrogen consumption pinch point constraint; and solving by using an objective function I (formula (2-6)) and an objective function II (formula (2-6)) respectively under three constraint states of increasing two pinch point constraints of the minimum new hydrogen consumption and the minimum gas emission, and comparing, analyzing and calculating results to verify the effectiveness of the hybrid model.
The present invention is described below with reference to a specific example so that those skilled in the art can better understand the technical solution of the present invention:
4 sets of main hydrogen production devices exist in a large oil refinery, namely a 1# continuous reforming device and three sets of hydrogen production devices. The annual production capacity of the No. 1 continuous reforming is 80 ten thousand tons, and the purity of the byproduct hydrogen reaches 92 percent; the No. 1 hydrogen production device is used for producing hydrogen 20000Nm3/h (currently, the No. 1 hydrogen production device is in a shutdown state), the No. 2 hydrogen production device is used for producing hydrogen 37332.6032Nm3/h, the No. 1 and No. 2 hydrogen production is purified by a PSA device, and the hydrogen purity reaches 99.9%; the No. 3 hydrogen production device is designed to produce 22700.341Nm3/h hydrogen, and 99.9 percent of the hydrogen is supplied for subsequent hydrogen after PSA purification. Besides the PSA device, the hydrogen purification device also comprises 1 set of membrane separation device, the hydrogen production is 5000Nm3/h, and the hydrogen purity is 92%. Wherein, the invention adopts the data of the actual hydrogen production amount to calculate the data of the hydrogen production device. The existing hydrogen consumption devices of the oil refinery are reforming pre-hydrogenation, S-Zorb, benzene extraction, aviation kerosene hydrogenation, 3# diesel oil hydrogenation, 4# diesel oil hydrogenation, wax oil hydrotreating, lubricating oil hydrogenation and hydrocracking devices respectively. The plant hydro plant data is summarized in table 1.
TABLE 1(a) data summarization-hydrogen production device for oil refinery hydrogen production device
Figure BDA0001476458880000112
Figure BDA0001476458880000121
TABLE 1(b) data summarization-hydrogen consumption device of oil refinery hydrogen-contacting device
Device for measuring the position of a moving objectName (R) Code Consumption Nm3/h Purity of hydrogen gas%
S-Zorb SK1 1823 99.90
Hydrogenation of lubricating oils SK2 10000 99.90
Hydrocracking SK3 40000 98.00
4# Diesel hydrogenation SK4 24153 97.00
Reforming and pre-hydrogenation SK5 431 92.00
Extraction of benzene SK6 400 91.00
Aviation kerosene hydrogenation SK7 250 91.00
Hydrogenation of wax oil SK8 10000 90.00
Hydrogenation of 3# diesel oil SK9 6000 85.00
Step (1): program entry data of pinch method and its operation result
In step (1), the flow chart of the program for calculating pinch points shown in fig. 1 is as follows for the input data of the embodiment:
Zsc＝[7.90％,7.90％,32.69％,67.69％,69.61％]；
Zsk＝[0.00％,0.00％,1.90％,2.90％,7.90％,8.90％,8.90％,9.90％,14.90％]；
Figure BDA0001476458880000122
Figure BDA0001476458880000123
two points need to be noted, one of them is that the inlet data of the hydrogen production device only comprises SC3, SC4, SC5, SC6 and SC7 because SC1 and SC2 are used as new hydrogen and are not suitable for carrying out the insertion of the inlet data of the pinch point process; secondly, as described in the principle of hydrogen pinch graphical method mentioned above, since the impurity concentration of the new hydrogen (SC1 and SC2) is 0.10%, the impurity concentration data of all hydrogen sources and hydrogen traps are processed here, i.e. subtracted by 0.10%.
The pinch procedure operated as follows: the minimum new hydrogen consumption is 57489.4557Nm3/h, the minimum fuel gas emission is 16159.4557Nm3/h, the residual hydrogen amount is 18702.9442Nm3/h (wherein, the residual amount is obtained by calculation and comprises two parts, one part is the residual new hydrogen amount, and the other part is the fuel gas emission amount), and the hydrogen purity of the hydrogen source at the pinch point is 92 percent, namely the hydrogen purity of the 1# continuous reforming SC 3.
Step (2): hydrogen network superstructure method modeling (two types of LP models without pinch point constraint and with pinch point constraint) and optimization result analysis
Simplex algorithm program entry data:
Ysc＝[99.90％,92.00％,92.00％,67.21％,32.21％,30.29％]；
Ysk＝[99.90％,99.90％,98.00％,97.00％,92.00％,91.00％,91.00％,90.00％,85.00％]；
Figure BDA0001476458880000131
Figure BDA0001476458880000132
since SC1 and SC2 are used as new hydrogen and the purity of the hydrogen gas is the same, the data are merged here, namely the yield of the new hydrogen (SC1+ SC2) is 60032.9442Nm3/h, the purity of the hydrogen gas is 99.90%, the data of the rest hydrogen production devices are unchanged, namely the hydrogen production devices (SC1+ SC2), SC3, SC4, SC5, SC6 and SC7, six groups of input data are totally, and the input data of the hydrogen consumption device are unchanged.
Example expansion equations for constraints and objective functions:
hydrogen source flow restriction:
Figure BDA0001476458880000133
hydrogen trap flow restriction:
Figure BDA0001476458880000141
and (3) purity constraint:
Figure BDA0001476458880000151
newly adding pinch point method minimum new hydrogen consumption constraint:
Figure BDA0001476458880000161
newly adding a pinch point method minimum gas emission constraint:
Figure BDA0001476458880000162
minimum new hydrogen consumption target:
Figure BDA0001476458880000163
minimum hydrogen remaining amount target:
Figure BDA0001476458880000164
and (4) analyzing a calculation result:
optimization result of superstructure LP model without adding pinch point constraint
The basic constraints comprise (3-1), (3-2) and (3-3), and a minimum new hydrogen consumption target (3-6) and a minimum hydrogen remaining amount target (3-7) are adopted respectively. The model is solved by utilizing a simplex algorithm written by the program C, the optimization results are shown in tables 2 and 3, and the hydrogen production of the 2# hydrogen production device and the 3# hydrogen production device is used as new hydrogen and has the same purity, so that the data of the 2# hydrogen production device and the 3# hydrogen production device are combined together.
② adding a superstructure LP model optimization result constrained by pinch point minimum new hydrogen consumption
The basic constraints comprise (3-1), (3-2), (3-3) and (3-4), and a minimum new hydrogen consumption target (3-6) and a minimum hydrogen remaining amount target (3-7) are adopted respectively. The model is solved by using a simplex algorithm written by the program C, and the optimization results are shown in tables 4 and 5.
Increasing two pinch point constraints of minimum new hydrogen consumption and minimum gas emission to obtain a superstructure LP model optimization result
The basic constraints comprise (3-1), (3-2), (3-3), (3-4) and (3-5), and a minimum new hydrogen consumption target (3-6) and a minimum hydrogen remaining amount target (3-7) are adopted respectively. The model was solved using the simplex algorithm written by the program C, and the optimization results are shown in tables 6 and 7.
Fourthly, comparing the optimization results of the three superstructure LP models under two kinds of targets respectively
The new hydrogen consumption, the gas emission and the hydrogen remaining amount of the three superstructure models in the optimization results under the two targets are respectively taken out from tables 2 to 7 and are listed in table 8.
Table 2(a) optimization results of superstructure model without pinch point constraints added under minimum new hydrogen consumption goal
Figure BDA0001476458880000171
Table 2(b) optimization results of superstructure model without pinch point constraints on minimum new hydrogen consumption target
Figure BDA0001476458880000172
Table 3(a) optimization results of superstructure model without pinch point constraints on minimum hydrogen residual amount target
Figure BDA0001476458880000181
Table 3(b) optimization results of superstructure model without pinch point constraints on minimum hydrogen residual amount target
Figure BDA0001476458880000182
TABLE 4(a) optimization results of a superstructure model with one additional pinch point constraint under minimum new hydrogen consumption objectives
Figure BDA0001476458880000183
Figure BDA0001476458880000191
Table 4(b) optimization results of a superstructure model with one additional pinch point constraint under the minimum new hydrogen consumption target
Figure BDA0001476458880000192
Table 5(a) optimization results of superstructure model with one additional pinch point constraint under minimum hydrogen residual amount target
Figure BDA0001476458880000193
Figure BDA0001476458880000201
Table 5(b) optimization results of superstructure model with one additional pinch point constraint under minimum hydrogen residual amount target
Figure BDA0001476458880000202
Table 6(a) optimization results of superstructure model with two additional pinch point constraints on minimum new hydrogen consumption targets
Figure BDA0001476458880000203
Figure BDA0001476458880000211
Table 6(b) optimization results of superstructure model with two additional pinch point constraints on minimum new hydrogen consumption objective
Figure BDA0001476458880000212
Table 7(a) optimization results of superstructure model with two additional pinch point constraints on minimum hydrogen residual amount target
Figure BDA0001476458880000213
Table 7(b) optimization results of superstructure model with two additional pinch point constraints on minimum hydrogen residual amount target
Figure BDA0001476458880000221
TABLE 8 comparison of the optimization results of three types of superstructure models under two targets, respectively
Figure BDA0001476458880000222
From table 8 we can see that: comparison with the result of the program run by the pinch method (minimum New Hydrogen consumption 57489.4557 Nm)3Perh, minimum gas emission 16159.4557Nm3H, residual hydrogen amount 18702.9442Nm3Compared with the hydrogen network superstructure LP model, under the aim of minimum new hydrogen consumption, the fuel gas emission and the hydrogen residual quantity obtained by program operation results obtained by the three models are consistent with the results obtained by the pinch point method, and the feasibility and the accuracy of the pinch point method are proved; under the minimum hydrogen residual target and when the pinch point constraint condition is not increased, the new hydrogen consumption and the gas discharge cannot meet the result obtained by the pinch point method, the new hydrogen consumption is overlarge, the gas discharge is smaller than the minimum theoretical value of the pinch point method, and the result is unreasonable, so that the situation that an original superstructure method LP model is unreasonably improved is proved to exist; after a minimum new hydrogen consumption constraint is added, the minimum new hydrogen consumption is consistent with the minimum result of the pinch point method, but the gas emission is still smaller than the minimum theoretical value of the pinch point method or is unreasonable; is increasingThe second objective also satisfies the pinch point results after the minimum new hydrogen consumption and minimum gas emission constraints.
In conclusion it can be concluded that: after two pinch points of minimum new hydrogen consumption and minimum gas emission are increased in the original superstructure LP model of the hydrogen network, the superstructure method and the pinch point analysis method can be completely fused. The results obtained are consistent with those obtained by the pinch method, both at the minimum new hydrogen consumption target and at the minimum hydrogen gas remaining target, and the precise operating point that cannot be obtained by the pinch method can be directly obtained. Meanwhile, further analysis can find that the obtained program operation result meets the matching principle of a hydrogen network system by a pinch point analysis method: the hydrogen trap above the pinch point (namely the hydrogen purity of the hydrogen trap is less than or equal to that of the hydrogen source at the pinch point) does not consume new hydrogen; the hydrogen source below the pinch point (i.e., the hydrogen source has a hydrogen purity greater than the hydrogen source at the pinch point) is not discharged as a fuel gas.
Therefore, the invention organically integrates the engineering pinch point diagram analysis method and the superstructure mathematical programming LP modeling method, avoids the respective defects of the two methods, can quickly obtain the global optimal solution more fitting the actual engineering requirements on the premise of not changing the hydrogen network equipment and the pipe network arrangement of the oil refinery, has universality and good popularization and application values.

Claims (5)

1. A method for optimizing and scheduling a hydrogen network of an oil refinery by mixing a pinch point method and a superstructure method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, positioning pinch points of a hydrogen source compound curve and a hydrogen trap compound curve by utilizing a hydrogen pinch point graphical method principle, and obtaining corresponding minimum new hydrogen consumption and minimum fuel gas emission;
s2, establishing pinch point constraints by using the obtained pinch point positions, the minimum new hydrogen consumption and the minimum fuel gas emission, adding the pinch point constraints in a superstructure LP model, and establishing a hybrid LP model, wherein the hybrid model respectively considers two objective functions of minimum new hydrogen consumption of a hydrogen network and minimum total hydrogen remaining quantity of the hydrogen network;
s3, carrying out global optimization on the mixed model based on a simplex algorithm to obtain a global optimal operation point of hydrogen network scheduling meeting a pinch point rule;
wherein, step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, acquiring the abscissa and ordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen source composite curve and the abscissa and ordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve;
step S12, calculating a translation distance according to the position of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve on the translated hydrogen source composite curve;
step S13, comparing the translation distance to obtain the minimum translation distance, thereby obtaining the pinch point, the minimum new hydrogen consumption and the minimum gas emission;
in the step S2, in the step S,
the added pinch point constraint establishment principle is to satisfy the constraint that the new hydrogen consumption and the fuel gas emission are equal to the minimum result obtained by the pinch point method: the sum of the flow rates of all the new hydrogen j' flowing into the hydrogen trap k is equal to the minimum new hydrogen consumption, which is constrained by the following equation:
Figure FDA0002584705220000011
j': the collection of new hydrogen, which in engineering generally refers to the hydrogen source with the highest hydrogen purity in the hydrogen network, and
Figure FDA0002584705220000021
j: a set of hydrogen sources; k: a collection of hydrogen traps;
Fj',k: hydrogen flow rate in Nm of new hydrogen j' distributed to hydrogen trap k3/h；
FNS: minimum New Hydrogen consumption in Nm determined by the pinch-off procedure in step S13/h；
The sum of the residual hydrogen quantities of all the hydrogen sources j' with the hydrogen purity less than or equal to the hydrogen purity at the pinch point is equal to the minimum gas emission quantity, and the minimum gas emission quantity constraint formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002584705220000022
j': a set of hydrogen sources having a hydrogen purity less than or equal to the hydrogen purity at the pinch point, an
Figure FDA0002584705220000023
Figure FDA0002584705220000024
Maximum design supply flow rate in Nm of hydrogen source j' with hydrogen purity less than or equal to that at pinch point3/h；
Fj”,k: hydrogen source j' with hydrogen purity less than or equal to that at pinch point distributes hydrogen flow to hydrogen trap k in Nm3/h；
FWS: minimum gas emission in Nm3/h；
The objective function for the hydrogen network for which the consumption of new hydrogen is minimal is:
Figure FDA0002584705220000025
the objective function for the minimum total remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen network is:
Figure FDA0002584705220000026
2. the refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method of claim 1, wherein,
setting: j: a set of hydrogen sources, J ═ 1,2sc}；
K: a set of hydrogen traps, K ═ 1,2sk}；
Zsc: the vector of the percentage concentration of all hydrogen source impurities,
Figure FDA0002584705220000027
Zsk: the maximum inlet limit percentage concentration vector of impurities for all hydrogen traps,
Figure FDA0002584705220000028
Ysc: vector of percent purity of all hydrogen source gases,
Figure FDA0002584705220000029
Ysk: the minimum hydrogen percentage purity vector required for all hydrogen traps,
Figure FDA00025847052200000210
Figure FDA0002584705220000031
a vector representing the maximum design supply flow of all hydrogen sources,
Figure FDA0002584705220000032
Figure FDA0002584705220000033
a vector representing the minimum hydrogen flow requirement for all hydrogen traps,
Figure FDA0002584705220000034
wherein the flow rate units are Nm3/h；
Msc: represents the impurity loading vector in Nm for all hydrogen sources3/h，
Figure FDA0002584705220000035
Hadamard product;
Msk: represents the maximum impurity loading vector in Nm for all hydrogen traps3/h；
Figure FDA0002584705220000036
Hadamard product;
Figure FDA0002584705220000037
hydrogen gas percent purity of hydrogen source J ∈ J;
Figure FDA0002584705220000038
the minimum hydrogen percentage purity required for hydrogen trap K ∈ K;
Figure FDA0002584705220000039
impurity percentage concentration of hydrogen source J ∈ J;
Figure FDA00025847052200000310
maximum inlet limit percentage concentration of impurities for hydrogen trap K ∈ K;
Figure FDA00025847052200000311
maximum design supply flow for hydrogen source j, unit: nm3/h；
Figure FDA00025847052200000312
Minimum hydrogen flow requirement for hydrogen trap k, flow unit: nm3/h；
Figure FDA00025847052200000313
Impurity loading of hydrogen source j, unit: nm3/h；
Figure FDA00025847052200000314
Maximum impurity loading of hydrogen trap k, unit: nm3/h；
FNS: minimum fresh hydrogen consumption, unit: nm3/h；
FWS: minimum gas emission, unit: nm3/h；
Step S11 includes the following steps:
will ZskThe middle elements are sorted from small to large and are
Figure FDA00025847052200000315
Middle element and ZskThe middle elements correspond to one another;
will be provided with
Figure FDA00025847052200000316
The medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the abscissa of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve
Figure FDA00025847052200000317
By
Figure FDA00025847052200000318
Maximum impurity load of hydrogen trap
Figure FDA00025847052200000319
Will MskThe medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the vertical coordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve
Figure FDA0002584705220000041
Will ZscThe middle elements are sorted from small to large and are
Figure FDA0002584705220000042
Middle element and ZscThe middle elements correspond to one another;
will be provided with
Figure FDA0002584705220000043
The medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the abscissa of each intersection point of the hydrogen source compound curve
Figure FDA0002584705220000044
By
Figure FDA0002584705220000045
Obtaining the impurity load of the hydrogen source
Figure FDA0002584705220000046
Will MscThe medium elements are accumulated one by one to obtain the vertical coordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen source compound curve
Figure FDA0002584705220000047
3. The refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method of claim 1, wherein the step S12 comprises the steps of:
judging the ordinate of each intersection point of the hydrogen trap composite curve
Figure FDA0002584705220000048
Two end point ordinate of which hydrogen source line of hydrogen source compound curve
Figure FDA0002584705220000049
And
Figure FDA00025847052200000410
according to formula
Figure FDA00025847052200000411
Calculating the intersection point of the hydrogen trap compound curve as the corresponding point of the point B on the non-translated hydrogen source compound curve as the abscissa X of the point AkThen, the difference between the abscissa of the point B and the abscissa of the point A is calculated to obtain the distance XX of the translation of the hydrogen source compound curve under the point BkRecombination of hydrogen trapsThe translation distance corresponding to each intersection point of the curve is calculated to obtain a translation distance vector
Figure FDA00025847052200000412
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00025847052200000413
is the impurity percentage concentration of the hydrogen source j +1,
Figure FDA00025847052200000414
is the abscissa of the jth intersection point in the hydrogen source compound curve.
4. The refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method of claim 1, wherein the step S13 comprises the steps of:
for each translation distance XXkJudging to obtain all alternative translation distances meeting the conditions, and sequencing all the alternative translation distances from small to large to obtain the minimum translation distance meeting the conditions;
the judgment condition is as follows
Figure FDA00025847052200000415
XX1The translation distance corresponding to the first intersection point of the hydrogen trap compound curve is determined if each point has an abscissa XkTranslation XX1Thereafter, still to the right of the intersection of the hydrogen trap compound curves, then in the overlap region, the hydrogen source compound curve is located completely below the hydrogen trap compound curve, i.e. XX1Is conditional, otherwise it is excluded, XX for each translation distancekMaking such a determination;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002584705220000051
is the abscissa of the kth intersection point in the hydrogen trap recombination curve.
5. The refinery hydrogen network optimization scheduling method of claim 1, wherein in step S3,
and solving the hybrid model by using a simplex algorithm, respectively solving by using a first objective function and a second objective function under three constraint states of adopting two pinch point constraints of not increasing pinch point constraints, increasing a minimum new hydrogen consumption pinch point constraint and increasing a minimum new hydrogen consumption and a minimum gas emission, and comparing and analyzing the calculation result to verify the effectiveness of the hybrid model.
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