CN107916376B - Powder for laser additive manufacturing of wear-resistant stainless steel - Google Patents
Powder for laser additive manufacturing of wear-resistant stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN107916376B CN107916376B CN201711206416.9A CN201711206416A CN107916376B CN 107916376 B CN107916376 B CN 107916376B CN 201711206416 A CN201711206416 A CN 201711206416A CN 107916376 B CN107916376 B CN 107916376B
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 81
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007777 multifunctional material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
- B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides powder for manufacturing wear-resistant stainless steel by laser additive manufacturing, and belongs to the new field of laser additive manufacturing technology. Along with the reduction of the Ni content in the alloy powder, the matrix phase structure of the stainless steel is changed, the microhardness is increased along with the reduction of the Ni content, and the wear resistance is obviously improved. The prepared wear-resistant stainless steel overcomes the defect that common stainless steel can not give consideration to various service properties, integrates the excellent properties of series materials, can prolong the service life of the stainless steel, reduces the manufacturing cost of the stainless steel, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to iron-based alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing, in particular to powder for laser melting deposition wear-resistant stainless steel with good formability, higher hardness and excellent wear resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The stainless steel is used as an important invention in the world metallurgical history, and lays an important material foundation for industrial development and technological progress. Since the 21 st century, the apparent consumption of stainless steel in China is increased year by year, in 2001, the consumption of stainless steel in China is about 222 ten thousand tons, in 2010, 1280 ten thousand tons is achieved, the apparent consumption is increased by 22.16% every year, China continuously becomes the largest consumption country of stainless steel for many years, and thus, the production and manufacturing of the stainless steel have huge development space in China. Because the carbon content of stainless steel is low and the wear resistance is poor, the stainless steel can be used in some occasions with higher requirements on wear resistance after surface strengthening. Generally, a coating or a modified layer prepared on the surface of stainless steel can effectively delay the oxidation rate of the metal panel and improve the wear resistance of the metal panel. However, this approach increases the manufacturing cost of the stainless steel. With the increase of the industrial demand of the wear-resistant stainless steel, the preparation of the wear-resistant stainless steel material has great economic benefit.
Stainless steel generally contains high-quality metal elements such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti) and the like, and the addition of different alloy elements has great influence on the tissue structure and the performance of the stainless steel. Nickel is a precious rare metal element, and the product price is high due to the shortage of resources, so that the development of resource-saving materials is not facilitated. Meanwhile, nickel is an excellent corrosion-resistant material and is also an important alloying element of alloy steel. One of the main reasons for adding nickel to stainless steel is that nickel can change the crystal structure of steel, promoting the transformation of the crystal structure of steel from body-centered cubic crystals to face-centered cubic crystals. Nickel may also form intermetallic compounds with some alloying elements to precipitate in the form of a second phase, preventing grain growth, thereby improving properties of stainless steel such as plasticity, weldability and toughness.
It is well known that nickel is one of the very scarce strategic resources worldwide; the nickel reserves in China are relatively low, nickel is an indispensable alloy element of austenitic stainless steel, the storage capacity of nickel is reduced year by year with the increase of global consumption of austenitic stainless steel, the production cost of austenitic stainless steel is directly improved, and great pressure is brought to production enterprises and users.
The production of large metal parts by laser additive manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot in recent years. The additive manufacturing technology is a technology for manufacturing solid parts by adopting a method of gradually accumulating materials, and is a manufacturing method from bottom to top compared with the traditional material removing-cutting processing technology. Compared with the traditional processing technology, the laser additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high flexibility degree in the manufacturing process, short production period of products, high processing speed, capability of producing parts with complex structures and the like. This has a profound effect on conventional manufacturing. Therefore, alloy powder with different Ni contents is developed according to the influence rule of the alloy element Ni on the tissue structure and the performance of the stainless steel, and the method has important significance for manufacturing the wear-resistant stainless steel by laser additive manufacturing. The wear-resistant stainless steel has the advantages of low cost, high hardness, good wear resistance and the like, can replace the traditional 316 and 304 stainless steel, and is widely used for parts with higher requirements on plasticity and impact load bearing, such as turbine blades, blades of large axial flow type compressors, fasteners, valve bodies, shaft pump sleeves, bearings and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to adopt a laser melting deposition technology to carry out laser material increase manufacturing on wear-resistant stainless steel by using an optical fiber laser, the microstructure of the prepared stainless steel is uniform, the defect that common stainless steel cannot give consideration to various service properties is overcome, the stainless steel has good formability, higher hardness and excellent wear resistance, integrates the excellent properties of series materials, and provides powder for the laser material increase manufacturing of the wear-resistant stainless steel.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the powder for the laser additive manufacturing of the wear-resistant stainless steel is characterized in that: the powder comprises the following basic components in percentage by weight: 0.16-0.18, Cr: 15.00-16.50, Ni: 1.70-10.70, B: 1.14-1.25, Si: 1.04-1.15, Mo: 0.91-1.00, Mn: 0.45-0.50 percent, and the balance of Fe.
The particle size of the powder is 53-140 microns.
A preparation method for manufacturing wear-resistant stainless steel by using the powder for manufacturing wear-resistant stainless steel by laser additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) the powder material with the components of claim 1 is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare powder material with high sphericity, no satellite tissue, low oxygen content, good fluidity, high purity and narrower particle size distribution of alloy powder material;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at 80 ℃ for more than 3 hours;
3) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the alloy steel substrate for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after irradiation of a fiber laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) the method comprises the steps of carrying out multiple laser irradiation treatments by adopting a fiber laser, wherein the laser power is 1.8-2.5kW, the scanning speed is 6-8mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 13-18g/min, the spot diameter is 3.5-4.5mm, the scanning interval is 2.1-2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 45-55%, the flow of protective gas argon is 400-plus-argon 500L/h, and the powder components are controlled to obtain the laser material-increasing manufacturing wear-resistant stainless steel component with different matrix structures.
The advantages and effects are as follows:
the powder used by the wear-resistant stainless steel for the laser additive manufacturing has the following advantages:
the wear-resistant stainless steel manufactured by the powder material additive through the laser melting deposition technology has good formability, higher hardness and superior wear resistance, can be applied to different special environments, and has good engineering application prospect and economic benefit. The laser additive manufacturing technology greatly shortens the production period, improves the manufacturing efficiency and precision, simultaneously, the laser additive manufacturing process is also a rapid solidification process, inhibits the growth of crystal grains, refines the crystal grains, enables the prepared stainless steel to have uniform and compact structure and good mechanical property, is particularly suitable for the use requirement of a specific working condition with higher requirement on wear performance, and thus greatly improves the service life of the additive manufacturing stainless steel material. Meanwhile, the addition of noble metals is reduced, the production cost of the stainless steel is reduced, and the method has great economic benefit.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%);
fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%) tissue morphology;
a) a scanning electron microscope photo of the sample tissue morphology of the wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =10.7wt.% is manufactured by laser additive;
b) a scanning electron microscope photo of the sample tissue morphology of the wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =7.7 wt.% is manufactured by laser additive;
c) a scanning electron microscope photo of the sample tissue morphology of the wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =4.7 wt.% is manufactured by laser additive;
d) a scanning electron microscope photo of the sample tissue morphology of the wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =1.7 wt.% is manufactured by laser additive;
fig. 3 is a microhardness profile of laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%);
fig. 4 is a wear profile picture of laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%);
a) laser additive manufacturing of a wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =10.7wt.% sample wear topography picture;
b) the wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =7.7 wt.% sample wear morphology picture is manufactured by laser additive manufacturing;
c) the wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =4.7 wt.% sample wear appearance picture is manufactured by laser additive manufacturing;
d) the wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =1.7 wt.% sample wear appearance picture is manufactured by laser additive manufacturing;
fig. 5 is a two-dimensional profile of laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%) after wear;
a) laser additive manufacturing of a wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =10.7wt.% sample worn two-dimensional profile shape;
b) the laser additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps of (1) manufacturing a two-dimensional profile appearance of a wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =7.7 wt.% sample after being worn;
c) the laser additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps of (1) manufacturing a two-dimensional profile appearance of a wear-resistant stainless steel Ni =4.7 wt.% sample after being worn;
d) laser additive manufacturing of wear resistant stainless steel Ni =1.7 wt.% of the two-dimensional profile topography of the sample after wear.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention provides powder used for wear-resistant stainless steel for laser additive manufacturing, which is characterized in that powder is coaxially fed on the surface of alloy steel by using an optical fiber laser, alloy powder materials are rapidly melted and deposited on the surface of the alloy steel under the irradiation of high-energy beam laser, and the wear-resistant stainless steel is formed on the surface of the alloy steel under the rapid condensation condition.
The powder for manufacturing the wear-resistant stainless steel by laser additive manufacturing comprises 8 main elements in percentage by weight: 0.16-0.18, Cr: 15.00-16.50, Ni: 1.70-7.70, B: 1.14-1.25, Si: 1.04-1.15, Mo: 0.91-1.00, Mn: 0.45-0.50 percent, and the balance of Fe. The particle size of the powder is 53-140 microns.
The preparation method for manufacturing the wear-resistant stainless steel by using the powder for the laser additive manufacturing of the stainless steel comprises the following steps:
1) the powder used for manufacturing the wear-resistant stainless steel by the laser additive is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare alloy powder which has high sphericity, no satellite structure, low oxygen content, good fluidity, high purity and narrower powder particle size distribution;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at 80 ℃ for more than 3 hours;
3) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the alloy steel substrate for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after irradiation of a fiber laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) the method comprises the steps of carrying out multiple laser irradiation treatments by adopting a fiber laser, wherein the laser power is 1.8-2.5kW, the scanning speed is 6-8mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 13-18g/min, the spot diameter is 3.5-4.5mm, the scanning interval is 2.1-2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 45-55%, the flow of protective gas argon is 400-plus-argon 500L/h, and the powder components are controlled to obtain the laser material-increasing manufacturing wear-resistant stainless steel component with different matrix structures.
The wear resistance of stainless steel is evaluated by using an MFT-4000 type multifunctional material surface property tester and adopting a ball-disk point contact mode. The size of the linear cutting sample block is 10mm × 10mm × 10 mm. The sample blocks are sequentially polished by No. 600, No. 1000, No. 1400 and No. 2000 sandpaperAnd obtaining a mirror surface through mechanical polishing to eliminate the influence of the surface roughness of the stainless steel manufactured by the additive on the frictional wear performance. Normal load of 10N in the friction wear test; the abrasion time is 60 min; the reciprocating speed is 120 mm/s; the displacement amplitude is 7mm, and the upper friction pair is Si with the diameter of 5mm3N4The ball and the lower friction pair are deposited stainless steel samples, and the test temperature is 20 ℃. The wear volume of the samples was tested by white light interferometry.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16 percent; cr: 15.00 percent; ni: 10.70 percent; b: 1.14 percent; si: 1.04 percent; mo: 0.91 percent; mn: 0.45, and the balance of Fe, wherein the particle size is 53-140 micrometers.
The wear-resistant stainless steel is prepared by adopting a laser melting deposition technology, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) the powder is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare powder which has high sphericity, no satellite structure, low oxygen content, good fluidity, high purity and narrower particle size distribution of alloy powder;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step 1 for more than 3 hours at 80 ℃ in a muffle furnace;
3) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the alloy steel substrate for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after irradiation of a fiber laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) the method comprises the steps of carrying out multiple laser irradiation treatments by adopting a fiber laser, wherein the laser power is 1.8kW, the scanning speed is 6mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 13g/min, the spot diameter is 3.5mm, the scanning interval is 2.1mm, the lap joint rate is 45%, the flow of protective gas argon is 400-fold and 500L/h, and controlling the powder components to obtain the wear-resistant stainless steel component with the austenite structure.
Example 2
The powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.17 percent; cr: 15.50 percent; ni: 7.70 percent; b: 1.17 percent; si: 1.08 percent; mo: 0.94 percent; mn: 0.47 and the balance of Fe, and the particle size is 53-140 microns.
The wear-resistant stainless steel is prepared by adopting a laser melting deposition technology, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) the powder is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare powder which has high sphericity, no satellite structure, low oxygen content, good fluidity, high purity and narrower particle size distribution of alloy powder;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step 1 for more than 3 hours at 80 ℃ in a muffle furnace;
3) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the alloy steel substrate for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after irradiation of a fiber laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) and performing multiple laser irradiation treatments by adopting a fiber laser, wherein the laser power is 2kW, the scanning speed is 7mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 15g/min, the spot diameter is 4mm, the scanning interval is 2.3mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the flow of protective gas argon is 400 plus materials for 500L/h, and the powder components are controlled to obtain the wear-resistant stainless steel component with the austenite structure.
Example 3
The powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.17 percent; cr: 16.00 percent; ni: 4.70 percent; b: 1.21 percent; si: 1.11 percent; mo: 0.97 percent; mn: 0.48 and the balance of Fe, and the particle size is 53-140 microns.
The wear-resistant stainless steel is prepared by adopting a laser melting deposition technology, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) the powder is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare powder which has high sphericity, no satellite structure, low oxygen content, good fluidity, high purity and narrower particle size distribution of alloy powder;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step 1 for more than 3 hours at 80 ℃ in a muffle furnace;
3) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the alloy steel substrate for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after irradiation of a fiber laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) the method comprises the steps of carrying out multiple laser irradiation treatments by adopting a fiber laser, wherein the laser power is 2.3kW, the scanning speed is 7.5mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 16g/min, the spot diameter is 4.2mm, the scanning interval is 2.4mm, the lap joint rate is 52%, the flow of protective gas argon is 400-fold-gas 500L/h, and controlling the powder components to obtain the duplex wear-resistant stainless steel component with the ferrite and austenite structure.
Example 4
The powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.18 percent; cr: 16.50 percent; ni: 1.70 percent; b: 1.25 percent; si: 1.15 percent; mo: 1.00 percent; mn: 0.50, and the balance of Fe, wherein the particle size is 53-140 micrometers.
The wear-resistant stainless steel is prepared by adopting a laser melting deposition technology, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) the powder is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare powder which has high sphericity, no satellite structure, low oxygen content, good fluidity, high purity and narrower particle size distribution of alloy powder;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step 1 for more than 3 hours at 80 ℃ in a muffle furnace;
3) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the alloy steel substrate for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after irradiation of a fiber laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out multiple laser irradiation treatments by adopting a fiber laser, wherein the laser power is 2.5kW, the scanning speed is 8mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 18g/min, the spot diameter is 4.5mm, the scanning interval is 2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 55%, the flow of protective gas argon is 400-flow and 500L/h, and controlling the powder components to obtain the wear-resistant stainless steel component with the ferrite structure.
By way of example, Ni element is an austenite forming element, and as the content of Ni element in the alloy powder increases, transformation from ferrite to austenite is facilitated, and when the content of Ni element in the alloy powder decreases, transformation from austenite to ferrite causes phase composition change of stainless steel, and ferrite is taken as a main body. The austenite is a tough phase, the microhardness is lower, the wear resistance is poorer, the hardness of the ferrite is higher than that of the austenite, the volume fraction of the austenite in the stainless steel is reduced along with the reduction of nickel, the volume fraction of the ferrite is increased, the wear resistance of the stainless steel is improved, and the service life of the stainless steel is prolonged. Overcomes the defect that common stainless steel can not give consideration to various service performances, and integrates the excellent performances of series materials. The stainless steel is used for laser additive manufacturing of parts under abrasion working conditions and certain impact load bearing conditions.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%) using the same laser irradiation process parameters. The reduction of the Ni content in the alloy powder results in the change of the structural phase of the stainless steel matrix. When Ni =10.7wt.%, the as-deposited stainless steel is composed of FCC phase, and the diffraction peak is converted from FCC structure to BCC structure with the decrease of Ni in the alloy powder. This is attributed to that Ni is an austenite forming element, expands the austenite phase region, and facilitates the formation of the austenite phase. The reduction in Ni content narrows the austenite phase region, resulting in a reduction in the volume fraction of austenite in the deposited sample. Meanwhile, the critical supercooling degree of the BCC phase is reduced due to the reduction of the Ni content, and the BCC phase is favorably formed.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a microstructure topography of a laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%); as can be seen from the figure, the microstructure changes from dendrite dominated to equiaxed dominated as the Ni content decreases. This is because Ni has a higher thermal conductivity (0.22J/cm s ℃) than Fe (0.18J/cm s ℃), and the direction of heat flow in the molten pool changes with the decrease in Ni content, resulting in a change in the morphology of the structure. The alloy steel manufactured by additive has uniform tissue distribution and fine crystal grains. The laser additive manufacturing process is a rapid melting process, and in the process, the temperature gradient of a solidification interface is large, the solidification speed is high, so that crystal grains cannot grow normally, and the microstructure is obviously refined. The grain size of the laser additive manufacturing material is about one tenth of that of the traditional manufacturing material, and the uniform and compact microstructure is beneficial to improving the hardness of the stainless steel, thereby further improving the wear resistance of the stainless steel.
Fig. 3 is a microhardness profile of laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%); the microhardness of the wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%) was 289HV, 363HV, 552HV and 643HV, respectively. When the Ni content in the alloy powder is in the range of 1.7-10.7%, the microhardness of the wear-resistant stainless steel is obviously increased along with the reduction of the Ni element content in the alloy powder. This is because the phase composition of the deposit specimen changes from the FCC phase to the BCC phase and the volume fraction of the FCC phase decreases with decreasing Ni content, when the Ni content is reduced to 1.7%, the additive manufactured stainless steel material is completely composed of the BCC phase. The micro-hardness of the BCC phase is relatively high compared to that of the FCC phase, so the larger the volume fraction, the higher the hardness of stainless steel. The hardness of the traditional cold-rolled 304 stainless steel is about 219HV, and when the Ni content in the alloy powder of the patent example 1 is 10.7%, the microhardness of the additive manufactured stainless steel is the lowest, but the hardness is still higher than that of the traditional cold-rolled 304 stainless steel by 70 HV.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of an abrasion profile of a laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%); it can be seen from the figure that as the Ni content in the alloy powder decreases, the tendency of the surface of the abraded sample to peel and plastically deform decreases, and the surface becomes flat. When the Ni content in the alloy powder is 10.7%, the surface peeling area of the wear sample is the largest, the plow groove of the grinding mark is wide and deep, and the wear mechanism is adhesive wear, abrasive wear and oxidation wear along with obvious plastic deformation. When the Ni content in the alloy powder is reduced to 1.7 percent, the peeling pits on the wear surface of the sample are obviously reduced, the furrow is narrow, and the surface flatness of the wear sample is high. This result is due to the fact that under certain wear conditions the wear resistance of the material is directly proportional to the microhardness, the higher the microhardness, the better the wear resistance.
Table 1 is the main element EDS analysis results (at.%) of the laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%) wear sample surface at 4 locations marked in fig. 4.
Table 1 surface EDS analysis results (at.%) of stainless steel abrasion samples with different Ni contents
| Region(s) | O | Si | Mo | Cr | Fe | Ni |
| A | 18.36 | 3.50 | 0.23 | 9.93 | 54.36 | 9.29 |
| B | 19.69 | 5.01 | 0.45 | 10.09 | 53.84 | 6.43 |
| C | 35.79 | 15.14 | 0.15 | 6.89 | 34.73 | 2.78 |
| D | 33.38 | 15.06 | 0.28 | 7.13 | 37.21 | 1.66 |
From table 1, it can be observed that all 4 sites contain O element, which indicates that an oxide film is formed on the surface of the worn sample during the wear process, and the oxide film plays a role in reducing wear to some extent. Research shows that when the nickel element content in the alloy powder is high, an oxide film on the surface of a worn sample is not well combined with the surface of the sample and is easy to fall off, so that the wear resistance of the sample is reduced; when the content of nickel element in the alloy powder is low, the oxide film is well combined with the surface of the sample and is not easy to fall off, and the oxide film has good antifriction effect.
Fig. 5 is a two-dimensional profile of the surface of a laser additive manufactured wear resistant stainless steel (Ni =10.7, 7.7, 4.7, 1.7 wt.%) wear sample; it can be observed from the figure that the wear scar width decreases significantly as the Ni content in the alloy powder decreases, further demonstrating that the wear resistance of stainless steel increases as the Ni content in the powder decreases. When the Ni content in the alloy powder is between 1.7 and 10.7 percent, the stainless steel with high Ni content has poor wear resistance, but still higher than 304 stainless steel with similar Ni content manufactured by the traditional method. Under the same abrasion environment, the abrasion trace width and the abrasion trace depth of the conventional 304 stainless steel after abrasion are far wider and deeper than those of the additive manufacturing stainless steel in the embodiment 1. Therefore, the wear-resistant stainless steel material is successfully prepared by adopting a laser additive manufacturing, melting and depositing method.
Claims (1)
1. The powder for the laser additive manufacturing of the wear-resistant stainless steel is characterized in that: the powder comprises the following basic components in percentage by weight: 0.16-0.18, Cr: 15.00-16.50, Ni: 4.70-10.70, B: 1.14-1.25, Si: 1.04-1.15, Mo: 0.91-1.00, Mn: 0.45-0.50, and the balance of Fe;
the particle size of the powder is 53-140 microns;
the preparation method for manufacturing the wear-resistant stainless steel by using the powder for manufacturing the wear-resistant stainless steel by using the laser additive comprises the following steps:
1) the powder with the components is subjected to vacuum melting, gas atomization and screening processes to prepare powder which has high sphericity, no satellite tissue, low oxygen content, good fluidity, high purity and narrower particle size distribution of alloy powder;
2) drying the powder obtained in the step (1) in an oven at 80 ℃ for more than 3 hours;
3) polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the alloy steel substrate for later use, and melting and depositing the powder obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the alloy steel substrate after irradiation of a fiber laser in a coaxial powder feeding mode;
4) the method comprises the steps of carrying out multiple laser irradiation treatments by adopting a fiber laser, wherein the laser power is 1.8-2.5kW, the scanning speed is 6-8mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 13-18g/min, the spot diameter is 3.5-4.5mm, the scanning interval is 2.1-2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 45-55%, the flow of protective gas argon is 400-plus-argon 500L/h, and the powder components are controlled to obtain the laser material-increasing manufacturing wear-resistant stainless steel component with different matrix structures.
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| CN108754489A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-06 | 金华华科激光科技有限公司 | A kind of method of iron based laser cladding powder and the laser melting coating powder |
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