CN107916105B - Red fluorescent carbon quantum dot for detecting intracellular pH and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Red fluorescent carbon quantum dot for detecting intracellular pH and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a red fluorescent carbon quantum dot for detecting pH in cells and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) weighing 0.1-0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.075-0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid; (2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 5-25 min under 20-100% of power, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/L HCl until gas escapes; (3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a container filled with water, dialyzing for two days to obtain a pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots. The carbon quantum dot prepared by the invention has the characteristics of long emission, high quantum yield, good biocompatibility and the like; the carbon quantum dots have sensitive response to pH, and can penetrate through a nuclear membrane to enter a cell nucleus so as to enter the whole cell, thereby achieving the effect of detecting the pH of the whole cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nano material, in particular to a red fluorescent carbon quantum dot for detecting the pH value in a whole cell and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The pH value of cells is an important parameter in metabolism and cells, and plays a key role in regulating physiological and pathological processes of many cells. Abnormal pH can inhibit the function disorder of cells, tissues and organs in vivo, inhibit the activity of enzymes and proteins, reduce the immunity of human bodies, and finally cause diseases such as inflammation, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and the like. In addition, changes in cell pH are closely associated with apoptosis. Cancer cells, in the early stage of apoptosis, are commonly associated with intracellular acidification, which has become an important early feature of apoptosis. Therefore, the sensitive and accurate real-time in-situ monitoring of the pH of the cells is helpful for understanding the physiological and pathological processes of the cells from the molecular level.
The fluorescence spectroscopy has the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity, quick response, high signal-to-noise ratio, simple and convenient operation and the like, and the pH fluorescent probe can monitor the dynamic distribution and the regional change of the pH in the cell in situ in real time by combining the fluorescence microscopic imaging technology and shows the unique property of high time and space resolution.
As a novel carbon nano material, the carbon quantum dot has excellent performances of good water solubility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, light stability, easy functionalization, photobleaching resistance and the like, and has good application prospects in various fields of biological imaging, biological sensing, drug delivery and the like. In recent years, synthesized carbon quantum dots generally emit blue and green fluorescence, which limits their application in the biological field. In addition, in the aspect of cell imaging, most of the current fluorescent nanoprobes are only limited in a cell matrix in the aspect of cell imaging and cannot penetrate through a nuclear membrane to enter a cell nucleus. Therefore, the carbon quantum dots which realize efficient red light emission and can enter cell nuclei through nuclear membranes have very important significance. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for synthesizing carbon quantum dots by using p-phenylenediamine and ethylenediamine as raw materials through a microwave method, and the method is finally used for detecting the pH value in biological cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a red carbon quantum dot which can penetrate through a nuclear membrane to enter a cell nucleus and is used for detecting the pH of the whole cell, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
preparation method of red fluorescent carbon quantum dots for detecting intracellular pH
(1) Weighing 0.1-0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.075-0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 5-25 min under the power of 20-100%, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/LHCl until gas escapes;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a container filled with water, dialyzing for two days to obtain a pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots.
The obtained carbon quantum dots are dissolved in a PBS buffer solution and added into a culture solution of the A549 cells, incubation is carried out for 6h, and then the imaging state of the A549 cells is observed through a laser confocal microscope. When the carbon quantum dot is at pH 5.8, the cells show bright red fluorescence; at pH 7.4, the carbon quantum dots showed very weak fluorescence by the cells. The carbon quantum dot can be used as a detection reagent for detecting the pH of the whole cell including the cell nucleus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the carbon quantum dot prepared by the invention has the characteristics of long emission, high quantum yield, good biocompatibility and the like;
the carbon quantum dots prepared by the method have sensitive response to pH, and can penetrate through a nuclear membrane to enter a cell nucleus so as to enter the whole cell, thereby achieving the effect of detecting the pH of the whole cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a fluorescent carbon quantum dot prepared according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the UV absorption spectrum and fluorescence excitation-emission spectrum of the fluorescent carbon quantum dot prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph (1.4-7.4) showing the change of fluorescence intensity at 592nm with pH value of the fluorescent carbon quantum dot prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a confocal display diagram of laser light when the fluorescent carbon quantum dots prepared in example 1 of the present invention enter the whole cell under the conditions of pH 5.8 and pH 7.4, respectively.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In this embodiment, a preparation method of a red fluorescent carbon quantum dot for detecting intracellular pH includes the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 20min under 20% power, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/LHCl until gas escapes;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a 1000ml beaker, dialyzing for two days to obtain pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots. The quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots was measured to be 14%.
The obtained carbon quantum dots were dissolved in PBS buffer solutions with pH 5.8 and pH 7.4, respectively, to prepare solutions of 50 μ g/ml, which were added to the culture solutions of a549 cells, respectively, incubated for 6 hours, and then the imaging state of a549 cells was observed by a confocal laser microscope.
The synthesized carbon quantum dots are structurally characterized, as shown in fig. 1. The carbon quantum dots are uniform spherical in shape and have a particle size of about 4.6 nm.
The spectral properties of the synthesized carbon quantum dots were studied, as shown in fig. 2. The optimal excitation wavelength and the optimal emission wavelength of the carbon quantum dot are 535nm and 592nm, respectively.
The synthesized carbon quantum dots show fluorescence changes at different pH values, as shown in FIG. 3. The carbon quantum dots exhibit sigmoidal curves at pH 2.0-9.0 with pKa 5.8 and linear range 4.5-7.0.
The synthesized carbon quantum dots were observed by confocal laser experiments after entering cells, as shown in fig. 4. At pH 5.8, the cells exhibited bright red fluorescence, and it was clearly observed from the image of the cells that the entire nucleus exhibited bright red fluorescence, indicating successful entry of the synthesized carbon quantum dot into the nucleus. At pH 7.4, the carbon quantum dots showed very weak fluorescence by the cells. Indicating that the carbon quantum dot can be successfully used for detecting the pH of the whole cell including the cell nucleus.
Example 2
(1) Weighing 0.1mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 20min under 40% power, cooling to room temperature after reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/LHCl until gas escapes;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a 1000ml beaker, dialyzing for two days to obtain pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots. The quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots was measured to be 12%.
Example 3
(1) Weighing 0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.075mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 15min under 60% power, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/LHCl until gas escapes;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a 1000ml beaker, dialyzing for two days to obtain pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots. The quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots was measured to be 10%.
Example 4
(1) Weighing 0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 10min under 80% power, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/LHCl until gas escapes;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a 1000ml beaker, dialyzing for two days to obtain pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots. The quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots was measured to be 11%.
Example 5
(1) Weighing 0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 5min under 100% power, cooling to room temperature after reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/LHCl until gas escapes;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a 1000ml beaker, dialyzing for two days to obtain pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots. The quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots was measured to be 8%.
Comparative example
(1) Weighing 0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 5min under 20% power, and cooling to room temperature after reaction is stopped;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a 1000ml beaker, dialyzing for two days to obtain a pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots, wherein the quantum yield is 3%.
Compared with the carbon quantum dot obtained in example 1, the quantum yield and the yield of the obtained carbon quantum dot are obviously reduced, and the properties are unstable.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a red fluorescent carbon quantum dot for detecting pH in cells is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.1-0.2mmol of p-phenylenediamine and dissolving the p-phenylenediamine in 0.075-0.15mol of ethylenediamine to obtain light yellow liquid;
(2) placing the solution in a microwave oven, reacting for 5-25 min under 20-100% of power, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is stopped, and adding 5mol/L HCl until gas escapes;
(3) putting the obtained solution into a 500-1000Da dialysis bag, putting the dialysis bag into a container filled with water, dialyzing for two days to obtain a pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying the pure carbon quantum dot aqueous solution to obtain light pink flocculent carbon quantum dots.
2. The method for preparing red fluorescent carbon quantum dots according to claim 1, wherein the amount of p-phenylenediamine in the step (1) is 0.2mmol, and the amount of ethylenediamine in the step (1) is 0.15 mol.
3. The method for preparing red fluorescent carbon quantum dots according to claim 1, wherein the microwave oven power in the step (2) is 20%, and the reaction time is 20 min.
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| CN109054826B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-03-30 | 山西大学 | Red fluorescent carbon quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN113150776B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-09-02 | 季华实验室 | Red fluorescent carbon quantum dot, preparation method thereof and fluorescent probe |
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