CN107913476B - Focal regions based on 256 array element hemispherical phase array transducers regulate and control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of, and the focal regions based on 256 array element hemispherical phase array transducers regulate and control method, comprising the following steps: S1: first array element centre coordinate position of Random Design on rigid hemisphere；S2: under conditions of adjacent array element center spacing is not less than 18mm, choosing nearest array element as next array element centre coordinate position, other each array elements then successively designed by above-mentioned steps, until array number is 256；S3: motivate all 256 array elements focused through cranium, numerical simulation its direction three-dimensional space x, y and z formed temperature field, determine the controllable range of the safety of energy converter；S4: the part array element excitation of energy converter is chosen, the safe regulatable focusing range of energy converter is expanded.The invention avoids the skull scalds through occurring in cranial nerves systemic disease therapeutic process, and realize small opening non-hemispherical transducers focus in big opening hemispherical transducer, expand focal regions modification scope, improve energy converter through cranium focusing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-intensity focused ultrasound, in particular to a focal domain regulation and control method based on a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer.
Background
Brain tumor is one of the cranial nerve system diseases, and is now a major disease endangering human life health, the clinical treatment means of conventional surgical excision, radiotherapy, chemical drug therapy and the like have the defects of high risk and side effect, macromolecule drugs cannot enter brain tissues due to blood brain barriers and the like, the neurological diseases such as epilepsy, neuralgia, tremor and the like also have the risk of surgical operation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with the characteristics of non-invasiveness, repeated treatment and the like is one of the technologies with the clinical treatment application prospect of the cranial nerve system diseases. In the process of treating the diseases by the HIFU through the skull, because the difference of acoustic characteristics of the skull and surrounding brain tissues is large, the sound waves are easy to generate phase distortion and amplitude attenuation when being transmitted through the skull, so that the problems that the skull and the surrounding tissues are damaged due to energy deposition at the skull, diseased tissues cannot be killed due to insufficient energy at a focal region and the like occur, the hemispherical phase-controlled transducer can cover the surface of the skull to the maximum extent, the energy on the unit area of the skull is reduced, the energy deposition at the skull is avoided, the temperature rise at the focal region is improved, and the treatment of the diseases of the cranial nerve system becomes possible. However, the focal region can be controlled in a smaller range, so that the application of the HIFU transcranial therapy for the cranial nerve system diseases is limited at present. The focal region adjustable range of the non-hemispherical concave spherical transducer is larger, but when the set target focal point position is closer to the outer surface of the skull, the sound energy in the skull is accumulated more and more, and the skull and the peripheral soft tissues are easily thermally damaged. With the progress of the phased focusing control transducer technology, the research on the treatment of cranial HIFU cranial nervous system diseases is developing in a deeper direction. If the excitation array elements of the hemispherical multi-array-element phased transducer are selected according to different positions, the complementary advantages of the hemispherical and non-hemispherical transducers can be realized, and the noninvasive, accurate and effective HIFU transcranial cranial nerve system disease treatment can be realized early.
Since in 2004 Concor et al utilized 500-element hemispherical phased transducers with an opening radius of 150mm for transcranial focusing, the results showed that the large-opening hemispherical phased transducers, by virtue of their geometry, were able to reduce heat deposition in the skull and form a treatable focal zone intracranially. In 2011, Pinton et al utilizes a 512-array-element phased transducer with an opening diameter of 150mm to perform transcranial focusing, and the result shows that the volume of a treatable focal region formed in intracranial superficial brain tissue is far smaller than the volume of a focal region formed in deep brain tissue. The results of clinical treatment tests on 12 patients with chronic neuralgia by using a hemispherical phase-controlled transducer in Jeanmomod et al in 2012 show that most of the patients are relieved. In 2012, Leduc et al used 227 array element small opening transducers with 60mm opening diameter to focus the HIFU through the skull, and the results showed that there was a lot of acoustic energy deposition on the skull. In 2013, Elisa et al treat tremor patients by using a hemispherical phase-controlled transducer, and the results show that the patients have thermal injury on the thalamus part and the tremor is relieved. Bufen et al in 2014 formed a treatable focal zone at 25mm from the skull surface using a concave spherical phased transducer with an opening diameter of 100 mm. The above experts have studied hemispherical and non-hemispherical phased transducers, but do not refer to 256 array elements of 300mm in opening diameter of the hemispherical phased transducer in the present invention, which are randomly distributed, and do not specify the transcranial safe treatable range of the hemispherical transducer. In addition, a method for realizing the focusing of the non-hemispherical transducer on the hemispherical transducer by selecting part of the excitation array elements has not been researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a focal domain regulation and control method based on a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer.
The invention is realized according to the following technical scheme.
A focal domain regulation and control method based on a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer comprises the following steps:
s1: the first array element central coordinate position is randomly designed on the 256 array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to the following formula,
θ(i)＝π·rand(1,1)………………………………………………(1)，
z(i)＝Ro·cos(θ(i))………………………………………………(5)，
wherein theta (i) is an included angle between a connecting line of a point i on the spherical surface and the center of the spherical surface and the positive direction of the z axis,a connecting line of a projection point i' of a point i on the xoy plane on the spherical surface and the center of the sphere rotates clockwise until the angle is coincident with the positive x axis and rotates, RoIs the opening radius of the hemispherical transducer, and x (i), y (i) and z (i) are three-dimensional rectangular coordinates of a point i on the spherical surface respectively;
s2: under the condition that the central distance between adjacent array elements is not less than 18mm, selecting the nearest array element as the central coordinate position of the next array element, and then sequentially designing other array elements according to the formulas (1) to (5) in the step S1 until the number of the array elements is 256;
s3: exciting all 256 array elements to be focused transcranially, and exciting signals are
Wherein,is the initial phase of array element i, P0Inputting sound pressure amplitude values for the transducer, numerically simulating temperature fields formed in the x, y and z directions of the transducer in a three-dimensional space, and determining the safety regulation and control range of the transducer;
s4, selecting partial array element excitation of the transducer, transcranially focusing under the condition of η times of input power, and obtaining an excitation signal of
The safe focus range of the transducer is regulated.
Furthermore, the 256-array-element hemispherical phased-array ultrasonic transducer comprises a rigid hemisphere and 256 array elements randomly embedded in the rigid hemisphere, and a circular small hole for embedding the array elements is formed in the rigid hemisphere.
Furthermore, the opening diameter of the rigid hemisphere is 300mm, the curvature radius is 150mm, and the ratio F value of the curvature radius to the opening diameter is 1.0.
Further, the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer has 256 array elements and the excitation area ratio (the ratio of the excitation array element area to the transducer surface area) of 41%.
Furthermore, each array element phase signal of the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer is independently adjustable, and the frequency of the array element excitation signal is consistent and is 0.7 MHz.
Further, when exciting partial array elements, only partial array elements near the center of the transducer substrate need to be selected from all array elements for excitation, and the total input power is η times of that when exciting all array elements.
The present invention obtains the following advantageous effects.
a. The 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer can cover the surface of the skull to the maximum extent, reduces the ultrasonic energy on the unit area of the skull, and effectively reduces the energy deposition at the skull.
b. The 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer has the advantages that each array element phase signal is independently adjustable, the whole excitation array element adjusting and controlling method can realize three-dimensional adjustable focusing, and the treatment of brain tumors and other nervous system diseases at different positions is favorably realized.
c. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array-element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer can realize the focusing of a non-hemispherical transducer on the hemispherical phased transducer and realize the complementary advantages of the hemispherical transducer and the non-hemispherical transducer.
d. The focal region regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer enlarges the transcranial safe treatable range of the transducer and improves the transcranial focusing performance of the hemispherical transducer.
e. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer can realize deep brain focusing and focusing at a shallower surface, so that treatment of cranial nerve system diseases at any position becomes possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 256-element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a numerical simulation model of transcranial focusing of a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a temperature field distribution diagram of the present invention for exciting all array elements of a 256-element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer to zoom along the x-direction of an acoustic axis and to be focused transcranially on an x-y plane;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the temperature distribution of the present invention for exciting all the array elements of a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer along the x-direction of the acoustic axis to zoom on the transcranial focusing acoustic axis;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature field distribution of the present invention for exciting all the array elements of a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer to zoom along the y-axis direction and focus transcranially on the x-y plane and the y-axis temperature distribution thereof;
FIG. 6 is a temperature field distribution and z-axis temperature distribution curve diagram of the present invention for exciting all array elements of a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer to zoom in the z-axis direction and focus transcranially on the x-z plane;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the temperature distribution of 45 array elements of the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer of the present invention zooming along the x-direction of the acoustic axis and transcranially focused on the x-y plane and the temperature distribution of the acoustic axis;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the transcranial focusing temperature distribution and the sound axis temperature distribution of a hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer with 256 array elements, 45 array elements of the transducer are deviated from the sound axis by 6mm along the y-axis direction;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the transcranial focusing temperature distribution and the acoustic axis temperature distribution of a 45-array element of the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer at a position 6mm away from the x-axis of the acoustic axis along the z-axis direction;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the temperature distribution of 48 array elements of the present invention exciting a 256 array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer focused transcranially on the x-y plane along the x direction of the acoustic axis and the temperature distribution of the acoustic axis;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the temperature distribution of 48 array elements of the 256-element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer excited by the invention deviating from the x-axis transcranial focusing of the acoustic axis along the y-axis direction and the temperature distribution of the acoustic axis thereof;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the temperature distribution of 48 array elements of the 256-element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer excited by the present invention in the z-axis direction, deviated from the x-axis transcranial focusing of the acoustic axis, and the temperature distribution of the acoustic axis;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. rigid hemisphere
2. Array element
3. Water (W)
4. Human head CT three-dimensional reconstruction data model
Φ transducer opening diameter.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1
S1: on a rigid hemisphere, according to the formula (1) theta (i) ═ pi · rand (1,1), (2)(3) (4) And (5) z (i) ═ RoCos (θ (i)) randomly generates the first array element center coordinate position (2.07,125.75,144.64).
S2: under the condition that the center distance between adjacent array elements is not less than 18mm, the nearest array element is selected as the center coordinate position of the next array element, then other array elements are sequentially generated according to the formulas (1) to (5) until the number of the array elements is 256, and fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 256-array-element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer.
S3: all 256 array elements of the excitation transducer are focused transcranially, and the excitation signal is formula (6)Under the conditions that the excitation frequency is 0.7MHz, the input power is 50W, and the irradiation time is 10s, the temperature fields formed in the x, y and z directions of a three-dimensional space are numerically simulated, and the safety adjustable range of the transducer is determined. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a numerical simulation model of transcranial focusing of a 256-array hemispherical phase-controlled transducer, which is composed of water, skull and brain tissue.
S4: selecting 45 excitation array elements with serial numbers as shown in Table 1 near the center of the transducer substrate, transcranially focusing at input power of 100W, and exciting signals of formula (7)The safe focus range of the transducer is regulated.
45 excitation array element numbers selected in Table 1
Fig. 3 is a temperature field distribution graph of exciting all array elements of the hemispherical phase-controlled transducer along the x direction of the sound axis through transcranial focusing, and fig. 4 is a corresponding sound axis temperature distribution graph of fig. 3. FIG. 5 is a graph of the temperature field distribution of transcranially focused excitation of all array elements along the y-axis and its y-axis temperature distribution. FIG. 6 is a graph of the temperature field distribution of transcranially focused excitation of all array elements along the z-axis and its z-axis temperature distribution. As can be seen from FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6, the safe treatment range of the 256-element hemispherical phase-controlled transducer in the x-axis direction is set to be 150mm and 168mm, and the safe focusing ranges in the y-axis and z-axis directions are 3mm away from the acoustic axis.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the temperature distribution of 45 array elements of the 256-array-element hemispherical phase-controlled transducer through transcranial focusing at (144,150,150) and (138,150,150) along the sound axis and the temperature distribution of the sound axis, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the safe treatment range of the x-axis direction of the sound axis of the hemispherical phase-controlled transducer is expanded to 138 and 168mm by exciting the 45-array element focusing.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the transcranially focused temperature distribution of the excitation 45 array elements at (150,144,150) and their y-axis temperature distribution 6mm off the acoustic axis in the y-axis direction. FIG. 9 is a graph of the transcranially focused temperature distribution of the excitation 45 array elements at (150,150,144) and their z-axis temperature distribution 6mm off the acoustic axis in the z-axis direction. As can be seen from the images in FIGS. 8 and 9, by exciting 45-array elements to perform transcranial focusing, the safe regulation and control ranges of the y-axis direction and the z-axis direction of the hemispherical phase-controlled transducer are expanded to be 6mm away from the sound axis.
Example 2
The method for regulating and controlling the focal domain of all array elements based on the 256-array-element hemispherical phased-array ultrasonic transducer is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the steps S1-S3 are implemented. The method for regulating and controlling the focal domain of part array elements comprises the following implementation steps:
s4: selecting 12 excitation array elements with sequence numbers as shown in Table 2 from four quadrants of the transducer, which are close to the center of the substrate, and carrying out transcranial focusing under the condition of input power of 60W, wherein the excitation signal is formula (7)The safe focus range of the transducer is regulated.
48 excitation array element numbers selected in Table 2
Fig. 10 is a graph showing the temperature distribution of 48 array elements of the 256-array-element hemispherical phase-controlled transducer at the positions (144,150,150) and (138,150,150) through transcranial focusing along the sound axis and the temperature distribution of the sound axis, and as can be seen from fig. 10, the safe treatment range of the x-axis direction of the sound axis of the hemispherical phase-controlled transducer is expanded to 138-168mm by exciting the 48-array element focusing.
FIG. 11 is a graph of the temperature distribution of 48 array elements excited transcranially focused at (150,144,150) and (150,141,150) in the y-axis direction away from the acoustic axis and their y-axis temperature distribution. FIG. 12 is a graph of the temperature distribution of 48 array elements excited transcranially focused at (150,150,144) and (150,150,141) in the z-axis direction away from the acoustic axis and their z-axis temperature distribution. As can be seen from FIGS. 11 and 12, by exciting 48-array elements to perform transcranial focusing, the safe regulation and control range of the hemispherical phase-controlled transducer in the directions of the y axis and the z axis is expanded to be 9mm away from the sound axis.
From examples 1-2, the following conclusions can be drawn:
a. the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer can cover the surface of the skull to the maximum extent, reduces the ultrasonic energy on the unit area of the skull, and effectively reduces the energy deposition at the skull. In the temperature field distribution, there is almost no energy deposition at the skull, as shown in FIG. 3.
b. The 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer has the advantages that each array element phase signal is independently adjustable, the whole excitation array element adjusting and controlling method can realize three-dimensional adjustable focusing, and as shown in fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer is beneficial to realizing the treatment of brain tumors at different positions.
c. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer can realize the focusing of a non-hemispherical transducer on the hemispherical phased transducer, and as shown in fig. 7, the complementary advantages of the hemispherical transducer and the non-hemispherical transducer are realized.
d. The focal region regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer expands the transcranial safe treatment range of the transducer, expands the sound axis direction from 150-.
e. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer can realize deep brain focusing (the focusing depth is 45mm), and can realize focusing at a shallower surface (the focusing depth is 33mm), so that the treatment of cranial nerve system diseases at any position becomes possible.
Claims (6)
1. A focal domain regulation and control method based on a 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the first array element central coordinate position is randomly designed on the 256 array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to the following formula,
θ(i)＝π·rand(1,1)………………………………………………(1)，
z(i)＝Ro·cos(θ(i))………………………………………………(5)，
wherein theta (i) is an included angle between a connecting line of a point i on the spherical surface and the center of the spherical surface and the positive direction of the z axis,a connecting line of a projection point i' of a point i on the xoy plane on the spherical surface and the center of the sphere rotates clockwise until the angle is coincident with the positive x axis and rotates, RoIs the opening radius of the hemispherical transducer, and x (i), y (i) and z (i) are three-dimensional rectangular coordinates of a point i on the spherical surface respectively;
s2: under the condition that the central distance between adjacent array elements is not less than 18mm, selecting the nearest array element as the central coordinate position of the next array element, and then sequentially designing other array elements according to the formulas (1) to (5) in the step S1 until the number of the array elements is 256;
s3: exciting all 256 array elements to be focused transcranially, and exciting signals are
Wherein,is the initial phase of array element i, P0Inputting sound pressure amplitude values for the transducer, numerically simulating temperature fields formed in the x, y and z directions of the transducer in a three-dimensional space, and determining the safety regulation and control range of the transducer;
s4, selecting partial array element excitation of the transducer, transcranially focusing under the condition of η times of input power, and obtaining an excitation signal of
The safe focus range of the transducer is regulated.
2. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the 256-array-element hemispherical phased-array ultrasonic transducer comprises a rigid hemisphere and 256 array elements embedded in the rigid hemisphere, and a round small hole used for embedding the array elements is formed in the rigid hemisphere.
3. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the opening diameter of the rigid hemisphere is 300mm, the curvature radius is 150mm, and the ratio F value of the curvature radius to the opening diameter is 0.5.
4. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the 256-array-element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer has 256 array elements and an excitation area ratio of 41%.
5. The focal domain regulation and control method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer has the advantages that each array element phase signal is independently adjustable, and the frequency of the array element excitation signal is consistent and is 0.7 MHz.
6. The focal domain regulating method based on the 256-array element hemispherical phased array ultrasonic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that when part of the array elements are excited, only part of the array elements close to the center of the transducer substrate are selected from all the array elements to be excited, and the total input power is η times of that when all the array elements are excited.
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| TW200848105A (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-16 | Univ Chang Gung | Multiple-channel hemispherical focused ultrasound phased array system for biomedical use |
| CN101690677A (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2010-04-07 | 西安交通大学 | Focused ultrosound therapy combined array element phased array and multifocal shear wave imaging system |
| CN204307228U (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-05-06 | 天津医科大学 | 82 array element phase array transducers |
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