CN107910656B - Antenna - Google Patents
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- CN107910656B CN107910656B CN201711081492.1A CN201711081492A CN107910656B CN 107910656 B CN107910656 B CN 107910656B CN 201711081492 A CN201711081492 A CN 201711081492A CN 107910656 B CN107910656 B CN 107910656B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna, which belongs to the field of wireless communication and comprises: the antenna comprises a first layer of dielectric substrate, a second layer of dielectric substrate and a third layer of dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a feed network is arranged on the first layer of dielectric substrate, a direct current bias circuit is arranged on the second layer of dielectric substrate, a capacitive coupling patch array and a circular radiation patch array are respectively arranged on the third layer of dielectric substrate, the feed network is respectively connected with the direct current bias circuit and the capacitive coupling patch array, and the capacitive coupling patch array is connected with the circular radiation patch array; the feed network enables the circular radiation patch array to generate electromagnetic waves with left-handed circular polarization and a mode l of 1 when the voltage signal meets a first preset condition based on the voltage signal provided by the direct current bias circuit; and when the voltage signal meets a second preset condition, the circular radiation patch array generates electromagnetic waves with right-hand circular polarization and a mode l of-1, and the operation is simple and convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to an antenna.
Background
The contradiction between the rapidly increasing total amount of data of the wireless communication network and the increasingly scarce spectrum resources becomes increasingly prominent, and in order to solve the contradiction, a new multiplexing dimension and technology are urgently needed to be explored to greatly improve the spectrum efficiency. In recent years, researchers find that orthogonality among different modes of electromagnetic wave Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) can be used as an information transmission carrier for multiplexing, thereby significantly improving the wireless transmission rate; recent research shows that wireless transmission rate of up to 32Gbit/s can be realized in millimeter wave band based on orbital angular momentum modal multiplexing technology, so modal multiplexing is attracting attention as a brand new multiplexing technology after frequency division, time division, code division and space division multiplexing.
The orbital angular momentum antenna is used as a signal transceiver of a modal multiplexing wireless communication system, bears generation and emission of orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves, is applied to wireless mobile communication, and is required to have the characteristics of small volume, light weight, multiple functions and the like. The conventional orbital angular momentum antenna mainly comprises a phase holographic plate, a spiral phase plate, a reflector antenna, a traveling wave slot antenna, a dielectric antenna, a microstrip antenna, a substrate integrated antenna and a patch array antenna. The phase holographic plate and the spiral phase plate from the optical field are inconvenient to adjust due to the mode, and the larger mass and the larger volume of the phase holographic plate and the spiral phase plate in a low-frequency microwave band are difficult to meet the application requirements of wireless mobile communication. The reflector antenna has certain advantages in the aspect of realizing multiple modes, but the reflector antenna is large in size, complex to install and difficult to integrate systems. The dielectric antenna and the traveling wave slot antenna are not flexible in mode adjustment, and have large mass and volume, so that the application is greatly limited. In contrast, microstrip antennas, substrate integrated antennas, and patch array antennas have many advantages such as planarization, light weight, and the like; however, the achievable mode number of a single microstrip antenna and a substrate integrated antenna is very limited, and the patch array antenna not only has larger achievable mode number, but also has very flexible polarization and mode adjustment, so that the patch array antenna has a good application prospect in a mode multiplexing wireless communication system.
However, the polarization and modal reconstruction of the conventional orbital angular momentum patch array antenna are often not flexible and convenient enough, so how to flexibly and simply improve the capacity of a wireless communication channel while keeping the antenna small in volume, light in weight, low in cost and easy to integrate becomes a big problem in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an antenna to solve the above-mentioned problems.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: the antenna comprises a base body, a feed network, a direct current bias circuit, a capacitive coupling patch array and a circular radiation patch array, wherein the base body comprises a first layer of dielectric substrate, a second layer of dielectric substrate and a third layer of dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the feed network is controlled to output a left-handed circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array based on a voltage signal provided by the direct current bias circuit when the voltage signal meets a first preset condition, so that the circular radiation patch array generates left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves; and when the voltage signal meets a second preset condition, controlling the feed network to output a right-hand circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array, so that the circular radiation patch array generates right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.
Further, the circular radiation patch arrays are symmetrically and rotationally distributed on the upper surface of the third layer of dielectric substrate, when the circular radiation patch arrays generate the left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, a radiation field changes by 2 pi clockwise, and the antenna is in a working state with a mode of 1; when the circular radiation patch array generates the right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, the phase of a radiation field changes by 2 pi along the counterclockwise direction, and the antenna is in a working state that the mode is l-1.
Furthermore, the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and a gap is formed between the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate and the lower surface of the three dielectric substrates.
Further, the feed network includes: the power divider comprises a power divider unit and four feed units, wherein the power divider unit is respectively connected with the four feed units; the power divider unit is used for dividing the input signal into four paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase signals and respectively feeding the four paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase signals to the four feeding units.
Further, the feeding unit includes: the power divider comprises a first power divider, a phase-shifting main circuit, a first phase-shifting reference circuit and a second phase-shifting reference circuit, wherein the output end of the first power divider is connected with the input end of the phase-shifting main circuit through a first forward diode and a first backward diode, is connected with the input end of the first phase-shifting reference circuit through a second forward diode, and is connected with the input end of the second phase-shifting reference circuit through a second backward diode; when the voltage signal acquired by the feed unit meets the first preset condition, the first forward diode and the second forward diode are conducted, and the feed unit outputs the left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave; when the voltage signal acquired by the feed unit meets the second preset condition, the first reverse diode and the second reverse diode are conducted, and the feed unit outputs the right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.
Further, the power divider unit includes: the power divider comprises a second power divider, a third power divider and a fourth power divider, wherein a first output end of the third power divider is connected with an input end of the second power divider, and a second output end of the third power divider is connected with an input end of the fourth power divider.
Further, an external input port is arranged at an input end of the third power divider, and the external input port is connected with an external device.
Further, the dc bias circuit is connected to the feed network through a high-frequency inductor, wherein the feed network obtains a voltage signal provided by the dc bias circuit through the high-frequency inductor.
Further, the feed network is connected with the capacitive coupling patch array through a metal probe, wherein a signal output by the feed network is transmitted to the capacitive coupling patch through the metal probe.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: the antenna comprises a base body, a feed network, a direct current bias circuit, a capacitive coupling patch array and a circular radiation patch array, wherein the base body comprises a first layer of dielectric substrate, a second layer of dielectric substrate and a third layer of dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the feed network is used for acquiring a voltage signal provided by the direct current bias circuit, and controlling the feed network to output a left-handed circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array when the voltage signal meets a first preset condition, so that the circular radiation patch array generates left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves; when the voltage signal meets a second preset condition, the feed network is controlled to output a right-hand circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array, so that the circular radiation patch array generates right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, the polarization adjustment of the antenna is very simple and convenient, and the capacity of a wireless communication channel is flexibly and simply improved while the size of the antenna is kept small, the weight is light, the cost is low, and the integration is easy.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a ground plane according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circular radiation patch array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a dc bias circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a capacitive coupling patch array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph illustrating a first relationship between return loss and operating frequency of an external input port of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph illustrating a second relationship between return loss and operating frequency of an external input port of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a first in-plane radiation gain pattern of an antenna provided by an implementation of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a second in-plane radiation gain pattern of an antenna provided by an implementation of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a first axial schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a second axial schematic diagram of an antenna provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a first radiation field phase distribution diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a second radiation field phase distribution diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-a first dielectric layer substrate; 2-a second dielectric layer substrate; 3-a third dielectric layer substrate; 4-a metal probe; 11-ground plane; 12-a feed network; 121-external input port; 21-a dc bias circuit; 31-circular radiating patch array; 32-a capacitively coupled patch array; 5-inductance; 6-capacitance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of a ground plane 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the antenna includes: the antenna comprises a base body, a feed network 12, a ground plane 11, a direct current bias circuit 21, a capacitive coupling patch array 32 and a circular radiation patch array 31, wherein the base body comprises a first layer dielectric substrate 1, a second layer dielectric substrate 2 and a third layer dielectric substrate 3 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the feed network 12 is arranged on the lower surface of the first layer dielectric substrate 1, the ground plane 11 is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer dielectric substrate 1, the direct current bias circuit 21 is arranged on the upper surface of the second layer dielectric substrate 2, the capacitive coupling patch array 32 is arranged on the lower surface of the third layer dielectric substrate 3, the circular radiation patch array 31 is arranged on the upper surface opposite to the lower surface of the third layer dielectric substrate 3, and the feed network 12 is respectively connected with the direct current bias circuit 21 and the capacitive coupling patch array 32, the capacitive coupling patch array 32 is connected to the circular radiation patch array 31.
Specifically, the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and a gap exists between the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 and the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 3. In an embodiment, the lengths and widths of the first layer dielectric substrate 1, the second layer dielectric substrate 2, and the third layer dielectric substrate 3 are all 154mm, the heights of the first layer dielectric substrate 1, the second layer dielectric substrate 2, and the third layer dielectric substrate 3 are 1.27mm, 0.81mm, and 0.81mm, respectively, and an air gap of 6mm exists between the upper surface of the second layer dielectric substrate 2 and the lower surface of the third layer dielectric substrate 3. In an embodiment, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate layer 1 is 10.2, and the dielectric constants of the second dielectric substrate layer 2 and the third dielectric substrate layer 3 are both 3.55.
The dc bias circuit 21 is connected to the feeding network 12 through a high-frequency inductor 5, wherein the feeding network 12 obtains a voltage signal provided by the dc bias circuit 21 through the high-frequency inductor 5. In this embodiment, the size of the high-frequency inductor 5 is 0603.
The feed network 12 and the capacitive coupling patch array 32 are connected through a metal probe 4, wherein a signal output by the feed network 12 is transmitted to the capacitive coupling patch array 32 through the metal probe 4, and the number of the metal probes 4 is consistent with the number of output ports of the feed network 12. In this embodiment, the metal probe 4 is a copper wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm.
The feed network 12, based on the voltage signal provided by the dc bias circuit 21, controls the feed network 12 to output a left-handed circularly polarized feed signal when the voltage signal meets a first preset condition, and transmits the left-handed circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array 32 through the corresponding metal probe 4, and the capacitive coupling patch array 32 transmits the left-handed circularly polarized feed signal to the circular radiation patch array 31 in an electromagnetic coupling manner, so that the circular radiation patch array 31 generates a left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.
When the voltage signal meets a second preset condition, the feed network 12 is controlled to output a right-hand circularly polarized feed signal to the corresponding metal probe 4, and the right-hand circularly polarized feed signal is transmitted to the capacitive coupling patch array 32 through the metal probe 4, and the capacitive coupling patch array 32 transmits the right-hand circularly polarized feed signal to the circular radiation patch array 31 in an electromagnetic coupling manner, so that the circular radiation patch array 31 generates right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the antenna can be freely switched between left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization by simply controlling the bias voltage of the feed network 12.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a circular radiation patch array 31 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the circular radiation patch array 31 is symmetrically and rotationally distributed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3, where in this embodiment, there are 4 circular patches each having a diameter of 25mm, and the circular patches are symmetrically and rotationally distributed around the z-axis at four corners of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3, and surround the central axis for a circle in a clockwise direction, when the circular radiation patch array 31 generates the left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, a phase change of a radiation field is exactly equal to 2 pi, that is, a corresponding orbital angular momentum mode is 1, and the antenna is in a working state where the mode is 1.
When the circular radiation patch array 31 generates the right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, the phase of the radiation field changes by 2 pi counterclockwise, that is, the corresponding orbital angular momentum mode is l-1, and the antenna is in a working state where the mode is l-1. Therefore, by simply controlling the bias voltage of the feed network 12, the antenna can be flexibly switched and reconfigured between left-handed circular polarization/right-handed circular polarization and l-1/l-1 mode, thereby achieving the purpose of realizing the multi-multiplexing dimension fusion function.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a feed network 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the feed network 12 includes: the power divider comprises a power divider unit and four feed units, wherein the power divider unit is respectively connected with the four feed units through high-frequency capacitors 6.
And the power divider unit is used for dividing the input signal into four paths of equal-phase signals and respectively feeding the four paths of equal-phase signals to the four feeding units.
The power divider unit includes: second power divider PD2And a third power divider PD1And a fourth power divider PD3Wherein the third power divider PD1First output terminal and the second power divider PD2Is connected to the input terminal of the third power divider PD1And the fourth power divider PD3Is connected to the input terminal of the third power divider PD1The external input port 121 is arranged at the edge of the first dielectric layer substrate 1, the external input port 121 is used for connecting with external equipment, and the external input port 121 is used for installing a microstrip line to coaxial cable adapter so as to connect with other radio frequency systems.
Specifically, the four feeding units include: a first feeding unit a, a second feeding unit B, a third feeding unit C, and a fourth feeding unit D, wherein the four feeding units have the same circuit structure, and input ends of the first feeding unit a and the fourth feeding unit D respectively pass through the high-frequency capacitor 6 and the fourth power divider PD3Is connected to the output terminal of the second power feeding unit B, and the input terminals of the third power feeding unit C are respectively connected to the second power divider PD through the high-frequency capacitor 62Thereby preventing radio frequency signal leakage and dc interference.
The feeding unit includes: first power divider PDAPhase-shift main circuit PS0A first phase-shift reference circuit PS1And a second phase-shift reference circuit PS2Wherein, theThe first power divider PDAThrough a first forward diode DF1And the first backward diode DB1Respectively connected with the phase shift main circuit PS0And said second phase-shifted reference circuit PS2Connected, the first power divider PDAThrough said second forward pole tube DF2And the second backward diode DB2Respectively connected with the first phase shift reference circuit PS1And said phase shifting main circuit PS0Wherein, in the present embodiment, the first forward diode DF is connected1The first backward diode DB1The second forward diode DF2And the second backward diode DB2A radio frequency diode of type 0603 is selected.
When the voltage signal obtained by the feeding unit meets the first preset condition, the first forward diode DF1And said second forward diode DF2In a conducting state, the first backward diode DB1And the second backward diode DB2In the off state, the power supply unit is connected to the port PA1And port PA2LAnd outputting two paths of mutually orthogonal left-handed circularly polarized feed signals with equal amplitude.
When the voltage signal obtained by the feeding unit satisfies the second preset condition, the first backward diode DB1And the second backward diode DB2In a conducting state, the first forward diode DF1And said second forward diode DF2In the off state, the power feeding unit is connected with the slave port PA1And port PA2RAnd outputting two paths of right-hand circularly polarized feed signals with equal amplitude and mutually orthogonal amplitude.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a dc bias circuit 21 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the dc bias circuit 21 is connected to the feeding network 12 through a high-frequency inductor 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the high-frequency inductors 5 is 16, and the feeding network obtains the dc bias circuit 21 through the high-frequency inductors 5 to provide a reference voltageA supply voltage signal. When the voltage supplied by the DC bias circuit 21 is V1＝1.2V，V2When 0V, the first forward diode DF in the feeding network 121And said second forward diode DF2In a conducting state, the first backward diode DB1And the second backward diode DB2In the off state, the power feeding unit is connected with the slave port PA1And port PA2LOutputting two paths of mutually orthogonal left-handed circularly polarized feed signals with equal amplitude; when the voltage provided by the DC bias circuit 21 is V1＝0V，V2When 1.2V, the first backward diode DB1And the second backward diode DB2In a conducting state, the first forward diode DF1And said second forward diode DF2In the off state, the power supply unit is connected to the port PA1And port PA2RAnd outputting two paths of right-hand circularly polarized feed signals with equal amplitude and mutually orthogonal amplitude.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a capacitive coupling patch array 32 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the capacitive coupling patch array 32 is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric layer substrate 3, the capacitive coupling patch array 32 is rotationally symmetrically disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric layer substrate, the capacitive coupling patch array 32 corresponds to an output port of the feed network 12, the capacitive coupling patch array 32 obtains an output signal of the feed network 12 through a corresponding metal probe 4, and then the capacitive coupling patch array 32 transmits the signal to the circular radiation patch array 31 through an electromagnetic coupling manner, so that the circular radiation patch array 31 generates corresponding left/right hand circular polarization orbital angular momentum electromagnetic wave radiation.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing a first relationship between return loss and operating frequency of an external input port of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 8 is a graph showing a second relationship between return loss and operating frequency of an external input port of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 7 and 8, it can be seen from fig. 7 that when an antenna dc bias circuit 21 provides V1＝1.2V，V2When the voltage is 0V, the antenna operates in the left-handed circular polarization mode, i is 1, the relationship between the return loss of the external input port of the antenna and the operating frequency is that the return loss of the external input port of the antenna is greater than 10dB in the operating frequency range of 2.18GHz to 2.75GHz, as can be seen from fig. 8, when the antenna dc bias circuit 21 provides V1＝0V，V2When the voltage is 1.2V, the antenna works in a working mode of right-handed circular polarization and l is-1, the return loss of the external input port of the antenna is in relation to the working frequency, the return loss of the external input port of the antenna is more than 10dB within the range of the working frequency of 2.21GHz-2.73GHz, and the test result is consistent with the simulation result, so that the effectiveness of the antenna is verified.
Fig. 9 is a first radiation gain diagram of an antenna in a plane according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 10 is a second radiation gain diagram of an antenna in a plane according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 9, when an operating frequency of the antenna is set to 2.5GHz, V is provided by the antenna dc bias circuit 211＝1.2V，V2When the voltage is equal to 0V, the antenna works in a left-handed circular polarization mode, and the l is equal to 1, the antenna works in two planes of Phi 0 degrees and Phi 90 degrees, and the antenna radiation gain changes, as can be seen from fig. 9, the antenna radiation pattern presents a circular distribution with weak middle and strong periphery, the test result tends to be consistent with the simulation result, and the maximum antenna radiation gain is 5.9 dBi; referring to FIG. 10, when the operating frequency of the antenna is set at 2.5GHz, V is provided by the antenna DC bias circuit 211＝0V，V2When the antenna operates in the right-hand circular polarization and l is equal to-1, the antenna operates in two planes of Phi 0 degrees and Phi 90 degrees, and the antenna radiation gain changes, as can be seen from fig. 10, the antenna radiation pattern shows a circular distribution with a weak middle and a strong periphery, the test result is consistent with the simulation result, and the maximum gain of the antenna is 5.3 dBi.
Fig. 11 is a first axial ratio graph of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 12 is a second axial ratio graph of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 11, when the operating frequency of the antenna is set at 2.5GHz, V is provided by the antenna dc bias circuit 211＝1.2V，V2Referring to fig. 12, when the antenna operates in the left-handed circular polarization mode and the l-1 mode, the antenna axis ratio changes in two planes of Phi 0 degrees and Phi 90 degrees, and V is provided by the antenna dc bias circuit 211＝0V，V2Referring to fig. 11 and 12, it can be seen that, in the range of the main lobe of the wave beam with a gain reduced by 3dB, the antenna axial ratio is less than 3dB, and corresponds to left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization radiation, so that the circular polarization characteristic completely meets the practical application requirement.
Fig. 13 is a first radiation field phase distribution diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 14 is a second radiation field phase distribution diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 13, when the operating frequency of the antenna is set at 2.5GHz, V is provided to the antenna dc bias circuit 211＝1.2V，V2Referring to fig. 14, when the operating frequency of the antenna is set at 2.5GHz, V is provided by the antenna dc bias circuit 21 when the radiation phase change changes 360 degrees clockwise, that is, when the corresponding orbital angular momentum mode l is 11＝0V，V2When the radiation phase changes by 360 degrees along the anticlockwise direction at 1.2V, namely the corresponding orbital angular momentum mode l is-1, the test result shows that the antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has good return loss and gain, and reconfigurable dual circular polarization and dual mode characteristics.
In summary, the present invention provides an antenna, including: the antenna comprises a base body, a feed network, a direct current bias circuit, a capacitive coupling patch array and a circular radiation patch array, wherein the base body comprises a first layer of dielectric substrate, a second layer of dielectric substrate and a third layer of dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the feed network is controlled to output a left-handed circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array when the voltage signal meets a first preset condition based on the voltage signal provided by the direct current bias circuit, so that the circular radiation patch array generates electromagnetic waves with left-handed circularly polarized and 1-modal l; when the voltage signal meets a second preset condition, the feed network is controlled to output a right-hand circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array, so that the circular radiation patch array generates right-hand circularly polarized and mode l-1 electromagnetic waves, the circularly polarized direction and the mode of the antenna are very convenient to adjust, and the condition for flexibly and simply improving the capacity of a wireless communication channel is provided while the antenna is effectively kept small in size, light in weight, low in cost and easy to integrate.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An antenna, characterized in that the antenna comprises: the antenna comprises a base body, a feed network, a direct current bias circuit, a capacitive coupling patch array and a circular radiation patch array, wherein the base body comprises a first layer of dielectric substrate, a second layer of dielectric substrate and a third layer of dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
the feed network includes: the power divider comprises a power divider unit and four feed units, wherein the power divider unit is respectively connected with the four feed units;
the power divider unit is used for dividing an input signal into four paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase signals and respectively feeding the four paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase signals to the four feeding units;
the feeding unit includes: the power divider comprises a first power divider, a phase-shifting main circuit, a first phase-shifting reference circuit and a second phase-shifting reference circuit, wherein the output end of the first power divider is connected with the input end of the phase-shifting main circuit through a first forward diode and a first backward diode, is connected with the input end of the first phase-shifting reference circuit through a second forward diode, and is connected with the input end of the second phase-shifting reference circuit through a second backward diode;
when the voltage signal provided by the direct current bias circuit and acquired by the feed unit meets a first preset condition, the first forward diode and the second forward diode are conducted, and the feed unit outputs a left-handed circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array, so that the circular radiation patch array generates left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves;
when the voltage signal meets a second preset condition, the first reverse diode and the second reverse diode are conducted, and the feed unit outputs a right-hand circularly polarized feed signal to the capacitive coupling patch array, so that the circular radiation patch array generates right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves;
the circular radiation patch arrays are symmetrically and rotationally distributed on the upper surface of the third layer of the dielectric substrate, when the circular radiation patch arrays generate the left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, the phase of a radiation field changes by 2 pi along the clockwise direction, and the antenna is in a working state with the mode of 1;
when the circular radiation patch array generates the right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, the phase of a radiation field changes by 2 pi along the counterclockwise direction, and the antenna is in a working state that the mode is l-1.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein a lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is disposed in close contact with an upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and a space exists between the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate and a lower surface of the third dielectric substrate.
3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the four feeding units are respectively connected to the power divider unit through high-frequency capacitors.
4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the power divider unit comprises: the power divider comprises a second power divider, a third power divider and a fourth power divider, wherein a first output end of the third power divider is connected with an input end of the second power divider, and a second output end of the third power divider is connected with an input end of the fourth power divider.
5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein an external input port is provided at an input end of the third power divider, and the external input port is connected with an external device.
6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the dc bias circuit is connected to the feed network via a high frequency inductor, wherein the feed network obtains the voltage signal provided by the dc bias circuit via the high frequency inductor.
7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein the feed network is connected to the array of capacitively coupled patches through a metal probe, and wherein a signal output by the feed network is transmitted to the array of capacitively coupled patches through the metal probe.
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| WO2020133390A1 (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-02 | 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 | Antenna system |
| CN109860998B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2024-02-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | Reconfigurable wearable microstrip antenna |
| CN110718770A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-21 | 山西大学 | Full-polarization reconfigurable MIMO antenna |
| CN111092294B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-09-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Liquid antenna based on OAM single mode and mixed mode |
| CN110867640B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-05-24 | 湖南大学 | Near field/far field reconfigurable RFID read-write antenna |
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