CN107910574B - Preparation method of composite solid electrolyte for fuel cell - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite solid electrolyte for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite solid electrolyte for a fuel cell. The method is firstly according to Zr respectively0.8Ni0.2O1.9And TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9The ratio of the stoichiometric numbers of (A) to (B) to obtain respective solutions A and B, and then performing sol-gel method,obtaining mixed gel of the two, and finally sintering to obtain the composite solid electrolyte. The composite solid electrolyte prepared by the method has the conductivity of the material electrode reaching more than 0.114S/cm at 800 ℃, more than 0.268S/cm at 700 ℃ and more than 0.106S/cm at 600 ℃, so compared with the traditional electrolyte which cannot be applied to medium and low temperature, the composite solid electrolyte material can be applied to the condition of 600-800 ℃; the method has the advantages of controllable preparation process and low sintering temperature, and can realize industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a medium-low temperature composite solid electrolyte for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The energy is the essential material basis for human survival and social development, wherein carbon-containing compounds such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are collectively called carbon-based fuel, and the current carbon-based fuel has the one-time power generation efficiency of only about 30 percent and has the defects of large pollution, high greenhouse gas emission and the like. The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is an electrochemical power generation device which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, has the primary power generation efficiency of 50-60 percent, and has the advantages of high efficiency and low pollution.
In a single cell, poor sintering property thermal matching of electrode materials and electrolyte materials, unstable electrolyte conductivity, structural damage caused by weak cell strength and the like can cause the performance attenuation of the whole cell stack, and the conventional SOFC generally operates at 1000 ℃, so that the SOFC has the problems of electrode densification, high requirement on connector materials, poor cell sealing performance and the like due to the operation at such a high temperature, and the cost of the SOFC is increased, so that the research on the solid oxide fuel cell generally improves the electrolyte material to enable the SOFC to operate at medium and low temperatures, for example, patent 201710237453.X discloses that the conductivity reaches 1.45 × 10 under the operation condition of medium temperature 750 ℃-2S/cm composite electrolyte, patent 201510609504.8 discloses that the conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte material can reach 175mS/cm at 850 ℃. However, the conductivity is correlated with the temperature at high temperature, and the conductivity increases rapidly with the increase of the temperature, so that the development of a novel solid electrolyte material, which still has higher conductivity at medium and low temperature, is a research hotspot at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel composite solid electrolyte and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defect that the conductivity of the existing solid electrolyte material is not high at medium and low temperatures, and the composite solid electrolyte prepared by the method still has high conductivity at the temperature of 600-800 ℃.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present inventors have diligently made efforts through a great number of experimental studies, and finally obtained the following technical solutions: a method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte for a fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
(1) according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9Weighing zirconium salt and nickel salt according to the stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the zirconium salt and the nickel salt with deionized water respectively, mixing, and adding citric acid into the mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution is (5-8): 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution A;
(2) according to TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9The method comprises the following steps of weighing titanium salt, cerium salt and lanthanum salt according to the stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the titanium salt, the cerium salt and the lanthanum salt by deionized water respectively, mixing, and adding a mixture of ethylene glycol and citric acid into the mixed solution, wherein the ratio of citric acid: ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is (4-8): (3-5): 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution B;
(3) pouring the solution A and the solution B together, dropwise adding weak base to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 8-9, heating in a water bath to 65-75 ℃, and stirring until gel is formed;
(4) after the gel is dried, the xerogel is ground and then calcined at 580-650 ℃ for 30-60min and then calcined at 1000-1150 ℃ for 6-8h to obtain the composite solid electrolyte.
Further preferably, in the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention, the zirconium salt in step (1) is any one of zirconium nitrate and zirconium oxychloride.
Further preferably, in the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention, the nickel salt in step (1) is any one of nickel acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate and nickel chloride.
Further preferably, in the preparation method of the composite solid electrolyte, the titanium salt in the step (2) is a soluble inorganic titanium salt or a titanium alkoxide.
Further preferably, in the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention, the cerium salt in step (2) is any one of cerium nitrate and cerium sulfate.
Further preferably, in the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention, the lanthanum salt in step (2) is any one of lanthanum nitrate, lanthanum chloride and lanthanum sulfate.
Further preferably, in the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention, the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution in step (1) is (6.5-7): 1.
further preferably, the composite solid electrolyte preparation method of the present invention, wherein the citric acid: ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is (6-7): (3.5-4): 1.
further preferably, in the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention, the concentrations of the metal salts in steps (1) and (2) are 0.8 to 1.5g/mL, respectively, after being dissolved in deionized water.
Further preferably, in the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention, the stirring speed in the step (3) is 80 to 150 rpm.
In addition, the invention also provides the composite solid electrolyte prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the composite solid electrolyte prepared by the invention has the conductivity of the material electrode reaching more than 0.114S/cm at 800 ℃, more than 0.268S/cm at 700 ℃ and more than 0.106S/cm at 600 ℃, so compared with the traditional electrolyte which cannot be applied to medium and low temperature, the composite solid electrolyte material can be applied to the condition of 600-800 ℃;
(2) the method has the advantages of controllable preparation process and low sintering temperature, and can realize industrial production.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
Step (1): according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9Weighing Zr (NO) according to the ratio of the stoichiometric number of3)4·5H2O 23.62g、Ni(NO3)2·6H2Dissolving O4.0 g in deionized water respectively to obtain solutions with concentration of 1g/mL, mixing to obtain mixed solution,adding 66.07g of citric acid into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution A;
step (2): according to TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9TiCl is weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio413.1438g、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O24.06 g and La (NO)3)3·6H2O6 g, dissolved and mixed by deionized water respectively, the concentration of the solution is 1.2g/mL respectively, then the solution is mixed to obtain a mixed solution, and a mixture of 25.80787g of ethylene glycol and 106.5224g of citric acid is added into the mixed solution, wherein the ratio of the citric acid: ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 4: 3: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution B;
and (3): the solution A and the solution B are mixed according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9:TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9Is that 2: 1, dropwise adding weak base to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 8 after mixing, heating in a water bath to 65 ℃, and stirring until gel is formed;
and (4) putting the gel in the step (4) into an oven, drying at 50 ℃, grinding into powder, calcining at 580 ℃ for 60min, and calcining at 1000 ℃ for 7h to obtain the composite solid electrolyte.
Example 2
Step (1): according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9Weighing Zr (NO) according to the ratio of the stoichiometric number of3)4·5H2O 34.35g、Ni(NO3)2·6H2And O58.16 g, which are respectively dissolved in deionized water, the solution concentration is respectively 1g/mL, then the two solutions are mixed to obtain a mixed solution, 153.712g of citric acid is added into the mixed solution, and the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 8: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution A;
step (2): according to TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9TiCl is weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio418.971g、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O34.7296 g and La (NO)3)3·6H2O8.66 g, dissolved and mixed with deionized water respectively to obtain solution concentrations of 1.2g/mL respectively, and then mixed to obtain mixed solutionAnd adding a mixture of 62.068g of ethylene glycol and 307.424g of citric acid into the mixed solution, wherein the weight ratio of the citric acid: ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 8: 5: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution B;
and (3): the solution A and the solution B are mixed according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9:TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9Is as follows (6): 1, dropwise adding weak base to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 9 after mixing, heating in a water bath to 75 ℃, and stirring until gel is formed;
and (4): and putting the gel in an oven, drying at 50 ℃, grinding the gel into powder, calcining at 650 ℃ for 35min, and calcining at 1150 ℃ for 6h to obtain the composite solid electrolyte.
Example 3
Step (1): according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9Weighing Zr (NO) according to the ratio of the stoichiometric number of3)4·5H2O 23.62g、Ni(NO3)2·6H2Dissolving 4.0g of O in deionized water respectively, wherein the concentration of the solution is 1g/mL respectively, mixing the solution to obtain a mixed solution, adding 85.86256g of citric acid into the mixed solution, and the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 6.5: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution A;
step (2): according to TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9TiCl is weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio413.1438g、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O24.06 g and La (NO)3)3·6H2O6 g (433) respectively dissolved and mixed by deionized water, the concentration of the solution is respectively 1.2g/mL, then the mixed solution is mixed to obtain a mixed solution, and a mixture of 30.1091868g of ethylene glycol and 159.7836g of citric acid is added into the mixed solution, wherein the ratio of the citric acid: ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 6: 3.5: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution B;
and (3): the solution A and the solution B are mixed according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9:TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9Is 4: 1, adding weak base dropwise to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 8.5, heating in water bath to 70Stirring at the temperature until gel is formed;
and (4) drying and grinding the gel in the step (4), calcining at 600 ℃ for 50min, and calcining at 1100 ℃ for 8h to obtain the composite solid electrolyte.
Example 4
Step (1): according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9Weighing Zr (NO) according to the ratio of the stoichiometric number of3)4·5H2O 23.62g、Ni(NO3)2·6H2And 4.0g of O, respectively dissolving with deionized water, respectively dissolving the solutions with the concentration of 1g/mL, then mixing the solutions to obtain a mixed solution, adding 66.07g of citric acid into the mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 7: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution A;
step (2): according to TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9TiCl is weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio413.1438g、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O24.06 g and La (NO)3)3·6H2And O6 g, respectively dissolving in deionized water, mixing to obtain solutions with the concentration of 1.2g/mL, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, and adding a mixture of ethylene glycol and citric acid into the mixed solution, wherein the ratio of citric acid: ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 7: 4: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution B;
and (3): the solution A and the solution B are mixed according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9:TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9Is 5: 1, dropwise adding weak base to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 9 after mixing, heating in a water bath to 75 ℃, and stirring until gel is formed;
and (4) drying and grinding the gel in the step (4), calcining at 620 ℃ for 40min, and calcining at 1000 ℃ for 7h to obtain the composite solid electrolyte.
Comparative example 1
According to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9Weighing Zr (NO) according to the ratio of the stoichiometric number of3)4·5H2O 23.62g(429.32)、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O4.0 g (290.81), dissolved in deionized water respectively, and the concentration of the solution is dividedAnd then mixing the mixture at a ratio of 1g/mL to obtain a mixed solution, and adding 66.07g (192.14) of citric acid to the mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution is 7: 1, uniformly stirring, then dropwise adding weak base to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 9, heating in a water bath to 75 ℃, and stirring until gel is formed; and drying and grinding the gel, calcining at 620 ℃ for 40min, and calcining at 1000 ℃ for 7h to obtain the solid electrolyte.
Comparative example 2
According to TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9TiCl is weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio413.1438g(189.71)、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O24.06 g (434.12) and La (NO)3)3·6H2O6 g (433) respectively dissolved and mixed by deionized water, the concentration of the solution is respectively 1.2g/mL, then the mixed solution is mixed to obtain a mixed solution, and a mixture of ethylene glycol (density 1.1155, molecular weight 62.068) and citric acid is added into the mixed solution, wherein the ratio of the citric acid: ethylene glycol: the total metal cation 0.1386mol molar ratio in the mixed solution is 7: 4: 1, uniformly stirring, then dropwise adding weak base to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 9, heating in a water bath to 75 ℃, and stirring until gel is formed; and drying and grinding the gel, calcining at 620 ℃ for 40min, and calcining at 1000 ℃ for 7h to obtain the solid electrolyte.
Comparative example 3
The gels obtained in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were dry-ground to a powder, according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9:TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9Is (2-6): 1, mixing the mixture and mixing the mixture to obtain powder
The two are subjected to composite calcination to obtain the electrolyte, the electrolyte is firstly calcined at the temperature of 620 ℃ for 40min, and then calcined at the temperature of 1000 ℃ for 7h to obtain the solid electrolyte.
Example 5
Taking electrolyte powder, adding a little absolute ethyl alcohol as a binder, fully grinding, placing the uniformly mixed powder in a tablet press die, maintaining the pressure for 3min under the pressure of 30MPa to obtain an electrolyte substrate with the diameter of 30mm and the thickness of 1mm, placing the electrolyte sheet formed by pressing in a muffle furnace, heating to 1300 ℃ at the temperature of 3 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the electrolyte sheet.
In order to measure the conductivity of the Ag symmetrical cell, the Ag symmetrical cell needs to be prepared by the following specific processes: polishing two sides of the electrolyte sheet smoothly to ensure that the thickness of each part of the sample is uniform; uniformly and symmetrically coating Ag glue as an electrode on two sides of an electrolyte sheet to be detected to form symmetrical electrodes; then, an Ag wire is adhered to serve as a lead, the electrolyte sheet is heated to 800 ℃ at a constant heating rate and is kept warm for 1h, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature along with the furnace, so that an electrolyte sample covering the Ag electrode uniformly is obtained.
The test adopts a two-electrode method to test the conductivity of the material, the Ag electrode symmetric cell to be tested is placed in a high-temperature tube furnace, and an Ag wire is used for connecting an Ag mesh current collector and an external electrochemical working instrument (Shanghai Chenghua CHI 660D). Slowly raising the temperature of the tubular furnace, carrying out alternating current impedance test at the temperature of 400-800 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50min after each test temperature reaches the test temperature, stabilizing the test data, testing a temperature point every 100 ℃, measuring the alternating current amplitude at 10mV, measuring the frequency at 1kHz-20MHz, measuring the alternating current conductance at 750 ℃, measuring in the air atmosphere, and calculating the conductivity by adopting the following formula: σ ═ h/(RS), where σ is electrolyte conductivity, in units of S/cm; h is the thickness of the electrolyte sheet in cm; r is electrolyte resistance with unit omega; s is the cross-sectional area of the electrolyte sheet in cm2。
The materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to conductivity tests, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 conductivity measurements at different temperatures for different materials
Wherein "-" represents measured conductivity data below the minimum requirement of the present invention of 0.01X 10-2S/cm。
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a composite solid electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9The zirconium salt and the nickel salt are weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio and are respectively usedDissolving the ionic water, mixing, adding citric acid into the mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution is (5-8): 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution A;
(2) according to TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9The method comprises the following steps of weighing titanium salt, cerium salt and lanthanum salt according to the stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the titanium salt, the cerium salt and the lanthanum salt by deionized water respectively, mixing, and adding a mixture of ethylene glycol and citric acid into the mixed solution, wherein the ratio of citric acid: ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is (4-8): (3-5): 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a solution B;
(3) the solution A and the solution B are mixed according to Zr0.8Ni0.2O1.9:TiCe0.8La0.2O2.9Is (2-6): 1, dropwise adding weak base to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 8-9 after mixing, heating in a water bath to 65-75 ℃, and stirring until gel is formed;
(4) after the gel is dried, the xerogel is ground and then calcined at 580-650 ℃ for 30-60min and then calcined at 1000-1150 ℃ for 6-8h to obtain the composite solid electrolyte.
2. The method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the zirconium salt is any one of zirconium nitrate and zirconium oxychloride.
3. The method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the nickel salt in the step (1) is any one of nickel acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate or nickel chloride.
4. The method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) in the step (2), the titanium salt is soluble inorganic titanium salt or titanium alkoxide.
5. The method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the cerium salt is any one of cerium nitrate and cerium sulfate.
6. The method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the lanthanum salt is any one of lanthanum nitrate, lanthanum chloride and lanthanum sulfate.
7. The method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the molar ratio of the citric acid to the total metal cations in the mixed solution is (6.5-7): 1.
8. the method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the citric acid in the step (2): ethylene glycol: the molar ratio of the total metal cations in the mixed solution is (6-7): (3.5-4): 1.
9. the method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: after the metal salt is dissolved in the deionized water in the steps (1) and (2), the individual concentration of the metal salt is 0.8-1.5g/mL respectively.
10. A composite solid electrolyte prepared by the method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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