CN107907064A - A kind of monitoring fractures system and method - Google Patents
A kind of monitoring fractures system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107907064A CN107907064A CN201711071566.3A CN201711071566A CN107907064A CN 107907064 A CN107907064 A CN 107907064A CN 201711071566 A CN201711071566 A CN 201711071566A CN 107907064 A CN107907064 A CN 107907064A
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- icon
- characteristic point
- optical camera
- quick response
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to image monitoring technical field, and in particular to a kind of monitoring fractures system and method.The system includes optical camera, icon and host computer with characteristic point；Icon with characteristic point is two, and it is respectively and fixedly installed to the both sides in crack to be measured, two icons with characteristic point and crack to be measured are respectively positioned in the field range of optical camera, and the image information of two icons with characteristic point and crack to be measured is constantly uploaded to host computer by optical camera according to time interval t.It is using the method for the system：1) system adjustment；2) calibration of optical camera；3) Image Acquisition；4) image procossing.By the present invention in that being detected with the icon with characteristic point to the Crack change of historical relic body, not only calculation amount is small, and cost is low, convenient to carry out, and historical relic body surface will not be caused to damage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to image monitoring technical field, and in particular to a kind of monitoring fractures system and method.
Background technology
China is the ancient civilized country with 5,000 years long histories, and cultural heritage is enriched, and historical relic's protection work is arduous and answers
It is miscellaneous.With transformation of the Concept of Conservation of Cultural Heritage from " Rescued Protection " to " preventive protection ", cultural heritage monitoring just seems
It is more and more important.
Historical relic body monitors one of important step in being monitored as cultural heritage, mainly the form from historical relic body, knot
Several aspects such as structure, disease are monitored.
Monitoring currently for historical relic body Crack change is mainly supervised using contacts such as resistance strain gage, displacement sensors
Survey technology, such monitoring technology can cause historical relic body different degrees of infringement.Lost with the development of science and technology with culture
The raising that production protection requires, more and more new theories and method are introduced into, make letter to existing main monitoring technology below
It is single to introduce：
Contact monitoring technology
Contact monitoring mode uses resistance strain gage more, according to the strain effect of metallic conductor, when testee stress
When being deformed upon along resistance wire direction, resistance wire deforms together therewith, thus the resistance value of resistance wire also changes, according to strain
The sensitivity coefficient of piece, data acquisition instrument can measure the change of strain sheet resistance values, and it is converted into the changing value in crack.
This monitoring mode has significant limitation, because needing to be pasted and handled in body surface, therefore in mural painting
Do not applied under the monitoring such as surface, earthen ruins surface application scenarios.
Image processing techniques
Body Crack change monitoring is carried out based on image processing techniques, the digital picture mainly gathered to scene carries out
Processing.Digital picture is typically to be made of a rectangular pixels matrix, and a two field picture can be described as N × M pixels, wherein N
It is the number of pixel with M, image procossing is actually the digitized processing to pixel value in picture element matrix.
By high definition imaging device collection site image, the spy of original image is obtained using binaryzation and edge detection method
Levy region contour, by positioning, splitting, decoding and calculate regional center point pixel coordinate, finally proportionally ruler by different pictures
The difference of vegetarian refreshments is converted into actual range, so as to obtain the changing value in crack.
Although image processing techniques will not have an impact cultural artifact surface, the data processing task of the technology in itself is huge
Greatly, cost of implementation is very high.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as in background technology, by the present invention in that being become with characteristic point icon to the crack of historical relic body
Change is detected, and not only calculation amount is small, and cost is low, convenient to carry out, and historical relic body surface will not be caused to damage.
The present invention concrete technical scheme be：
The present invention provides a kind of monitoring fractures system, including optical camera, icon and host computer with characteristic point；
Wherein, the icon with characteristic point is two, and is respectively and fixedly installed to the both sides in crack to be measured, and two with spy
The icon of sign point is respectively positioned in the field range of optical camera, and optical camera is by two icons with characteristic point and to be measured splits
The image of gap, host computer is constantly uploaded to according to time interval t.
In order to avoid the icon with characteristic point may have very big similarity with the background of site of deployment, while after being beneficial to
The extension of phase systemic-function, the icon with characteristic point selects Quick Response Code icon in the system.
In addition, for different application scenarios, the Quick Response Code icon uses deposition engraving technology shape on stainless steel
Into or formed using being carved in PVC board.
It should be noted that：The icon with characteristic point can also select industrial colour code in the system.
The above-mentioned icon use with characteristic point is adhesively fixed or stainless steel drawing pin is fixed.
Specifically, within the scope of 3m, optical camera is more than 1,300,000 pictures for the distance between optical camera and crack to be measured
Element.
Based on the description of above-mentioned monitoring fractures system, the existing method to being monitored using the system to historical relic body crack
Once illustrated：
The monitoring method comprises the following steps：
1) system adjustment；
Before system starts all parts in monitoring system are carried out with adjustment operation, includes the position of fixed optical camera
Put, adjust the focal length of optical camera；
2) calibration of optical camera；
The target image of optical camera shooting, the target image include crack to be measured and two two band feature point diagrams
Mark；Two are obtained with the Pixel Dimensions between characteristic point in characteristic point icon and two with two characteristic points in characteristic point icon
Actual physical size, and Pixel Dimensions and actual physical size are made into ratio, obtain COEFFICIENT K；
3) Image Acquisition；
If interval time is t, optical camera at interval of a time t to crack to be measured and two band characteristic point icons into
Row, which is taken pictures, obtains N width target images, and N width target images are uploaded to host computer；
4) image procossing；
The Pixel Dimensions in N width target images between characteristic point are obtained respectively, and are conversed by the COEFFICIENT K in step 2)
Actual size between characteristic point；
Coordinate system is established, using time shaft as transverse axis, actual (tube) length angle value is the longitudinal axis；Corresponding to drawing in different target image
The curve that actual size changes between characteristic point；The curve reflects the change width and cataclysm trend in crack；The cataclysm
Trend is the amplitude of Fracture Width change.
The above method deposits defect both ways：1st, the false recognition rate of characteristic point is higher, may have with the background of site of deployment
Very big similarity；2nd, this characteristic point icon without any implication is unfavorable for the extension of later stage system.
If the icon with characteristic point is Quick Response Code icon, monitoring method is specific as follows：
1) system adjustment；
Before system starts all parts in monitoring system are carried out with adjustment operation, includes the position of fixed optical camera
Put, adjust the focal length of optical camera；
2) calibration of optical camera；
The target image of optical camera shooting, the target image include crack to be measured and two Quick Response Code icons；
Wherein, the upper left corner, the upper right corner and the lower left corner in each Quick Response Code icon are equipped with a frame, will be wherein any
Two frames do line, the point characterized by line midpoint, then by the characteristic point line on two Quick Response Codes, the line segment of formation is two
The distance between Quick Response Code icon；
The actual physical size between the Pixel Dimensions and two Quick Response Code icons between two Quick Response Code icons is obtained, and
Pixel Dimensions and actual physical size are made into ratio, obtain COEFFICIENT K；
3) Image Acquisition；
If interval time is t, optical camera carries out crack to be measured and two Quick Response Code icons at interval of a time t
Take pictures and obtain N width target images, and N width target images are uploaded to host computer；
4) image procossing；
The Pixel Dimensions in N width target images between two Quick Response Code icons are obtained respectively, and by being in step 2)
Number K converses the actual physical size between two Quick Response Code icons；
Coordinate system is established, using time shaft as transverse axis, actual (tube) length angle value is the longitudinal axis；Corresponding to drawing in different target image
The curve that actual size changes between two Quick Response Code icons；The curve reflects the change width and cataclysm trend in crack；
The cataclysm trend is the amplitude of Fracture Width change.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1st, the present invention is by the way of two icons with characteristic point are fixed on crack both sides to be measured, at host computer
View data is managed, so as to obtain the change information in crack, it is cheap to be not only simple in structure construction cost, and is one in crack to be measured
Will not be to damaging cultural artifact surface during the historical relic of a little preciousnesses.
2nd, for the present invention using Quick Response Code as the icon with characteristic point, Quick Response Code icon first will not be with any environment thing
There is repeatability in the decorative pattern of product, fundamentally reduce false recognition rate；Secondly, Quick Response Code icon itself can carry a large amount of letters
Breath, easy to meet later stage Function Extension.In addition, the directionality of Quick Response Code icon is also to be used effectively.
3rd, the Quick Response Code icon in the present invention is made of stainless steel or PVC, and the carved image by the way of deposition,
So that the service life under some adverse circumstances of icon is longer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the FB(flow block) of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 3 be Quick Response Code icon be used as with characteristic point icon when Fracture Width calculating schematic diagram.
Reference numeral is as follows：
The icon of 1- optical cameras, 2- with characteristic point, 3- host computers, 4- cracks to be measured.
Embodiment
For the monitoring of historical relic body Crack change, know that Crack change amount and variation tendency are key points.The present invention adopts
Particular point (such as industrial colour code, Quick Response Code icon) recognition methods is taken, is obtained by high definition optical camera establishing shot scene photograph
Obtain target image and be uploaded to host computer, so as to obtain this data.
As shown in Figure 1, the structure of present system is as follows：
Including optical camera 1, icon 2 and host computer 3 with characteristic point；
Wherein, the icon 2 with characteristic point is two, and is respectively and fixedly installed to the both sides in crack 4 to be measured, and two carry
The icon 2 of characteristic point and crack to be measured 4 are respectively positioned in the field range of optical camera 1, and optical camera 1 carries feature by two
The icon 2 of point and the image information in crack to be measured 4 are constantly uploaded to host computer 3 according to time interval t.
Optical camera
System accuracy explanation：The web camera that case is selected is 1,300,000 pixel imaging devices, and maximum pixel size is
1280*960 pixels.System accuracy is closely connected with construction site, and specific measuring method is as follows：
Measurement accuracy=observation size/imaging pixel (length)
Object distance：Refer to camera lens to the actual range between object.
Observe size：Refer to size of the subject in picture (length).
Imaging pixel：Refer to the Pixel Dimensions of generation image.
| Object distance (mm) | Observe size (mm) | Imaging pixel (long * wide) | Resolution ratio (mm) |
| 1000 | 120 | 1280*960 | ≈0.1 |
| 400 | 70 | 1280*960 | ≈0.05 |
| 200 | 55 | 1280*960 | ≈0.04 |
| 100 | 45 | 1280*960 | ≈0.03 |
, can further lifting system precision by choosing the video camera of more high standard.As selected certain producer a 5,000,000
The video camera of pixel is simultaneously equipped with equivalent specifications camera lens, and the nominal imaging pixel of the equipment is 2560 × 1920.With 1000mm object distances,
Exemplified by 120mm observation sizes, it is 120/2560 ≈ 0.05mm to bring formula computational accuracy into.
Shooting angle：Of particular note is that shooting angle can to shooting precision bring subtle effects, we mainly from
Size (or width of finding a view) is observed to analyze.When camera lens and subject are placed in parallel, acquisition precision is optimal, when
Camera lens and subject into 30 ° of inclination angles place when, the observation size of camera is amplified relatively, constant in imaging size
In the case of, reduce shooting precision.Therefore when using the program, camera lens should be kept horizontal with subject.
At the same time in system operation, video camera shooting angle should not be adjusted, otherwise can influence the stability of system work.Also need to
It is to be noted that：To eliminate influence of the shooting angle to monitoring accuracy when installing optical camera, optical camera is basic with soil body surface
Parallel, misalignment angle is no more than ± 5 °
If the icon with characteristic point is industrial colour code or other characteristic point forms, the monitoring method is as follows, such as Fig. 2
It is shown：
1) system adjustment；
Before system starts all parts in monitoring system are carried out with adjustment operation, includes the position of fixed optical camera
Put, adjust the focal length of optical camera；
2) calibration of optical camera；
The target image of optical camera shooting, the target image include crack to be measured and two two band feature point diagrams
Mark；Two are obtained with the Pixel Dimensions between characteristic point in characteristic point icon and two with two characteristic points in characteristic point icon
Actual physical size, and Pixel Dimensions and actual physical size are made into ratio, obtain COEFFICIENT K；
3) Image Acquisition；
If interval time is t, optical camera at interval of a time t to crack to be measured and two band characteristic point icons into
Row, which is taken pictures, obtains N width target images, and N width target images are uploaded to host computer；
4) image procossing；
The Pixel Dimensions in N width target images between characteristic point are obtained respectively, and are conversed by the COEFFICIENT K in step 2)
Actual size between characteristic point；
Coordinate system is established, using time shaft as transverse axis, actual (tube) length angle value is the longitudinal axis；Corresponding to drawing in different target image
The curve that actual size changes between characteristic point；The curve reflects the change width and cataclysm trend in crack；The cataclysm
Trend is the amplitude of Fracture Width change.
Quick Response Code icon
In order not to have repeatability with the decorative pattern of any environmental good, false recognition rate is fundamentally reduced；Secondly, two
Dimension code icon itself can carry bulk information, easy to meet later stage Function Extension.In addition, the directionality of Quick Response Code icon is also
It can be used effectively, the change in displacement of object in the plane is such as learnt by Quick Response Code icon itself rotation, therefore, the present invention
The icon with characteristic point another it is preferable that using Quick Response Code icon.
Make and install Quick Response Code icon
Stainless steel Quick Response Code
Stainless steel Quick Response Code is commonly used outdoors, or environment more rugged environment.Usually have with testee following several
Kind fixed form：
(1) stone cultural artifact.
Quick Response Code needs to be bonded by glue and testee.The proportioning of glue：Epoxy resin is with curing agent according to 2:1
Ratio is mixed.
Points for attention：Need to use brush coating again after testee brush layer protective layer.
(2) soil property historical relic.
Quick Response Code is directly anchored on testee by stainless steel drawing pin.
Points for attention：Testee installs the position of Quick Response Code, and what is handled as far as possible is smooth.Ensure Quick Response Code and testee
Good contact.
PVC Quick Response Codes
PVC Quick Response Codes are commonly used (can also be used for open air) indoors.Usually there are following several fixed forms with testee：
(1) soil property historical relic.
Quick Response Code is directly anchored on testee by stainless steel drawing pin.
Points for attention：Testee installs the position of Quick Response Code, and what is handled as far as possible is smooth.Ensure Quick Response Code and testee
Good contact.
(2) ceramic historical relic.
The mode of Quick Response Code generally use gum is affixed directly to testee.
Quick Response Code makes the item that should be noted：
1st, the foreground of Quick Response Code must be deeper than background colour, otherwise will be unable to identify.
2nd, select to select to be not easy reflective material during material, avoid transparent medium as far as possible.
When the 3rd, printing, it should be noted that element cannot be lost on printing plate, in case it is difficult to cause Quick Response Code to read.
4th, in press it is critical to control mass colour and printing pressure, ensures Quick Response Code striped accurate reproduction.
Using Quick Response Code icon tested in different scenes, discrimination is more than 98%, with generally carrying feature
The icon of point compares and has very high discrimination, the fracture width changing value calculated based on Quick Response Code icon, and precision is reachable
0.01mm, Quick Response Code with long-term tillage, can also carry the relevant information of body, such as, body title, crack rank, again
Degree etc. is wanted, is provided convenience for later stage Function Extension.
When the icon with characteristic point uses Quick Response Code, the monitoring method step is as follows, as shown in Figure 2：
1) system adjustment；
Before system starts all parts in monitoring system are carried out with adjustment operation, includes the position of fixed optical camera
Put, adjust the focal length of optical camera；
2) calibration of optical camera；
The target image of optical camera shooting, the target image include crack to be measured and two two Quick Response Code figures
Mark；
Wherein, the upper left corner, the upper right corner and the lower left corner in each Quick Response Code icon are equipped with a frame, will be wherein any
Two frames do line, the point characterized by line midpoint, then by the characteristic point line on two Quick Response Codes, the line segment of formation is two
The distance between Quick Response Code icon；
The actual physical size between the Pixel Dimensions and two Quick Response Code icons between two Quick Response Code icons is obtained, and
Pixel Dimensions and actual physical size are made into ratio, obtain COEFFICIENT K；
As shown in figure 3, in order to improve the uniformity of data, the interference information that Quick Response Code icon is brought by directionality is eliminated,
Provide that the first box (frame in the upper right corner) of each Quick Response Code icon and the line midpoint of the 3rd frame (frame in the lower left corner) are two
Tie up the central point of code icon.By calculating the distance between one group of Quick Response Code icon central point, obtain between one group of Quick Response Code icon
Pixel value difference, and by further converting to obtain actual range；
3) Image Acquisition；
If interval time is t, optical camera carries out crack to be measured and two Quick Response Code icons at interval of a time t
Take pictures and obtain N width target images, and N width target images are uploaded to host computer；
4) image procossing；
The Pixel Dimensions in N width target images between two Quick Response Code icons are obtained respectively, and by being in step 2)
Number K converses the actual physical size between two Quick Response Code icons；
Coordinate system is established, using time shaft as transverse axis, actual (tube) length angle value is the longitudinal axis；Corresponding to drawing in different target image
The curve that actual size changes between two Quick Response Code icons；The curve reflects the change width and cataclysm trend in crack；
The cataclysm trend is the amplitude of Fracture Width change.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. monitoring fractures system, it is characterised in that：Including optical camera, icon and host computer with characteristic point；Wherein, the icon with characteristic point is two, and is respectively and fixedly installed to the both sides in crack to be measured, and two carry characteristic point Icon and crack to be measured be respectively positioned in the field range of optical camera, optical camera by two icons with characteristic point with And the image information in crack to be measured is constantly uploaded to host computer according to time interval t.
- 2. monitoring fractures system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The icon with characteristic point selects two dimension Code icon.
- 3. monitoring fractures system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The Quick Response Code icon is using deposition engraving skill Art is formed or formed using being carved in PVC board on stainless steel.
- 4. monitoring fractures system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The icon with characteristic point can also select With industrial colour code.
- 5. according to the monitoring fractures system described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：The icon with characteristic point is adopted With being adhesively fixed or stainless steel drawing pin is fixed.
- 6. according to the monitoring fractures system described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：Between optical camera and crack to be measured Distance within the scope of 3m, optical camera is more than 1,300,000 pixels.
- 7. the monitoring method based on the monitoring fractures system described in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：1) system adjustment；Before system starts all parts in monitoring system are carried out with adjustment operation, including the position of fixed optical camera, Adjust the focal length of optical camera；2) calibration of optical camera；The target image of optical camera shooting, the target image include crack to be measured and two two band characteristic point icons； Two are obtained with the Pixel Dimensions between characteristic point in characteristic point icon and two realities with two characteristic points in characteristic point icon Border physical size, and Pixel Dimensions and actual physical size are made into ratio, obtain COEFFICIENT K；3) Image Acquisition；If interval time is t, optical camera claps crack to be measured and two band characteristic point icons at interval of a time t According to acquisition N width target images, and N width target images are uploaded to host computer；4) image procossing；The Pixel Dimensions in N width target images between characteristic point are obtained respectively, and feature is conversed by the COEFFICIENT K in step 2) Actual size between point；Coordinate system is established, using time shaft as transverse axis, actual (tube) length angle value is the longitudinal axis；Draw feature corresponding in different target image The curve that actual size changes between point；The curve reflects the change width and cataclysm trend in crack；The cataclysm trend For the amplitude of Fracture Width change.
- 8. the monitoring method based on the monitoring fractures system described in claim 2, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：1) system adjustment；Before system starts all parts in monitoring system are carried out with adjustment operation, including the position of fixed optical camera, Adjust the focal length of optical camera；2) calibration of optical camera；The target image of optical camera shooting, the target image include crack to be measured and two Quick Response Code icons；Wherein, the upper left corner, the upper right corner and the lower left corner in each Quick Response Code icon are equipped with a frame, will be two wherein any Frame does line, the point characterized by line midpoint, then by the characteristic point line on two Quick Response Codes, the line segment of formation is two two dimensions The distance between code icon；The actual physical size between the Pixel Dimensions and two Quick Response Code icons between two Quick Response Code icons is obtained, and by picture Plain size and actual physical size make ratio, obtain COEFFICIENT K；3) Image Acquisition；If interval time is t, optical camera takes pictures crack to be measured and two Quick Response Code icons at interval of a time t N width target images are obtained, and N width target images are uploaded to host computer；4) image procossing；The Pixel Dimensions in N width target images between two Quick Response Code icons are obtained respectively, and are changed by the COEFFICIENT K in step 2) Calculate the actual physical size between two Quick Response Code icons；Coordinate system is established, using time shaft as transverse axis, actual (tube) length angle value is the longitudinal axis；Draw corresponding in different target image two The curve that actual size changes between Quick Response Code icon；The curve reflects the change width and cataclysm trend in crack；It is described Cataclysm trend is the amplitude of Fracture Width change.
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| CN112179283A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-05 | 深圳安锐科技有限公司 | Two-dimensional code-based real-time measurement method and system for spatial displacement of structural deformation |
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| CN111626978B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-05-09 | 西安元智系统技术有限责任公司 | Cultural relic fracture monitoring method based on feature points |
| CN113504266A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-10-15 | 浙江大学 | Piezoresistive sensor for crack monitoring and preparation method thereof |
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