CN107905774B - Pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for oil and gas well - Google Patents
Pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for oil and gas well Download PDFInfo
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
Compared with the traditional steering fracturing technology, the pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for the oil and gas well has the advantages that the problems of pump stopping, construction discontinuity and the like caused by the fact that the construction pressure reaches the construction limited highest pressure are not needed to be avoided in the construction process, on the contrary, the high net pressure value formed in the fracture when the construction pressure reaches the construction limited highest pressure is creatively provided, and the forced steering of the fracture is realized due to the fact that the net pressure value is higher than the maximum and minimum main stress difference value required by the steering of the fracture, and the steering success rate can reach 100%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for an oil and gas well.
Background
After a period of production after the initial fracturing of the low permeability field, the production rate is decreased quickly due to the reduction of the fracture conductivity or the formation pressure. The diversion fracturing technology is an important technical means for improving the yield of a single well by fracturing an oil and gas field, and is widely applied to repeated fracturing of old wells of the oil and gas field every year.
The existing steering fracturing technology is generally added manually by technicians, different service personnel have different adding speeds and adding amounts in different stratums in different areas, unified standards are difficult to exist, and partial wells have higher maximum and minimum main stress difference values at present, the pressure rise amplitude of the ground in the conventional steering fracturing is difficult to be higher than the stress difference, the requirement of successful steering of cracks is difficult to meet, so that the reconstruction power is low, and the effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the rising amplitude of ground construction pressure is difficult to control, the crack steering success rate is low and the reconstruction effect is poor in the construction process of the existing steering fracturing technology.
Therefore, the invention provides an oil and gas well pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) calculating the difference between the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress of a target layer, and determining the upper limit of construction pressure;
step 2), injecting fracturing fluid into the pad fluid stage to open old joints;
step 3) reducing the injection discharge amount of the fracturing fluid and adding a water-soluble diverting agent until the construction pressure of the wellhead reaches the upper limit of the construction pressure;
step 4) repeatedly starting and stopping the pump to inject fracturing fluid in a pulse mode, enabling the pressure of a well head to reach the upper limit of construction pressure under the condition of suppressing pressure in the crack, enabling the net pressure in the crack to exceed the pressure in the crack required by crack steering, and forcing the crack to steer until a new crack is opened;
and 5) carrying out fracturing reconstruction on the new seam.
The construction pressure upper limit in the step 1) is obtained by increasing 3-5MPa on the sum of the difference between the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress of the target layer and the primary construction pressure.
The liquid consumption for injecting fracturing fluid into the pad fluid stage in the step 2) to open old joints is 30m3To 50m3The injection displacement is 2.0m3Min to 3.0m3/min。
The adding speed of the water-soluble diverting agent in the step 3) is 300kg-500kg per minute, and the dosage is 200kg-300 kg.
And in the step 4), the number of times of repeatedly starting and stopping the pump to inject the fracturing fluid in a pulse mode is 2-3 times.
And 4) judging the opening of the new seam in the step 4) by monitoring the ground construction pressure, and determining that the new seam is opened and the steering is successful if the wellhead construction pressure is higher than the wellhead construction pressure before the water-soluble diverting agent is added by more than 3MPa under the same construction displacement condition after the water-soluble diverting agent is added.
The discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid in the step 3) is 1.5m3Min to 2.0m3/min
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional steering fracturing technology, the invention does not need to avoid the problems of pump stopping, discontinuous construction and the like caused by the fact that the construction pressure reaches the construction limited highest pressure in the construction process, but creatively proposes a high net pressure value formed in the crack when the construction pressure reaches the construction limited highest pressure, and the net pressure value is higher than the maximum and minimum main stress difference value required by crack steering, so that the crack is forced to steer, and the steering success rate can reach 100%.
The technical personnel do not need to avoid the problems of pump stopping, discontinuous construction and the like caused by the construction pressure reaching the construction limited highest pressure, the adding speed does not need to be controlled in the construction process, the adding concentration of the diverting agent is high, but the using amount is reduced by 50 percent compared with the traditional method, the adding speed of the diverting agent is improved by more than 1 time compared with the traditional diverting fracturing, and on one hand, the success rate of bridging of the diverting agent in the fracture is increased; on one hand, the technical requirements of constructors are reduced, and the field operability is strong.
After the diverting agent is plugged in the crack, the construction pressure reaches the upper limit of the construction pressure to stop the pump, the pump is stopped and started repeatedly, pulse type pressure holding is formed in the crack, the pulse frequency can reach 2-3 times, a complex new crack system can be formed in the crack, the volume of an oil-gas circulation channel is increased, and the aim of increasing the yield of a single well is fulfilled.
The following will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a construction diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an oil and gas well pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method which comprises the following steps:
step 1) calculating the difference between the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress of a target layer, and determining the upper limit of construction pressure;
step 2), injecting fracturing fluid into the pad fluid stage to open old joints;
step 3) reducing the injection discharge amount of the fracturing fluid and adding a water-soluble diverting agent until the construction pressure of the wellhead reaches the upper limit of the construction pressure;
step 4) repeatedly starting and stopping the pump to inject fracturing fluid in a pulse mode, enabling the pressure of a well head to reach the upper limit of construction pressure under the condition of suppressing pressure in the crack, enabling the net pressure in the crack to exceed the pressure in the crack required by crack steering, and forcing the crack to steer until a new crack is opened;
and 5) carrying out fracturing reconstruction on the new seam.
The invention carries out secondary forced steering fracturing transformation on the produced well, determines construction limited highest pressure (construction pressure upper limit) before fracturing, adds a steering agent in the construction process until the construction limited highest pressure, and forms high gap net pressure through pulse type suppressed pressure of bottom hole pressure to force crack steering until a new gap is opened.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the embodiment provides a pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for an oil and gas well, wherein the construction pressure upper limit in the step 1) is obtained by increasing 3-5MPa on the sum of a target zone and the primary construction pressure. Wherein the primary construction pressure can be read through the primary construction drawing.
The liquid consumption for injecting fracturing fluid into the pad fluid stage in the step 2) to open old joints is 30m3To 50m3The injection displacement is 2.0m3Min to 3.0m3/min。
The adding speed of the water-soluble diverting agent in the step 3) is 300kg-500kg per minute, and the dosage is 200kg-300 kg.
And in the step 4), the number of times of repeatedly starting and stopping the pump to inject the fracturing fluid in a pulse mode is 2-3 times.
And 4) judging the opening of the new seam in the step 4) by monitoring the ground construction pressure, and determining that the new seam is opened and the steering is successful if the wellhead construction pressure is higher than the wellhead construction pressure before the water-soluble diverting agent is added by more than 3MPa under the same construction displacement condition after the water-soluble diverting agent is added.
The discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid in the step 3) is 1.5m3Min to 2.0m3/min
The dosage of a traditional diverting agent for the field construction of the diverting fracturing is 300kg to 800kg, the adding speed of the diverting agent is 100kg to 150kg per minute, the problems of pump stopping, discontinuous construction and the like caused by the fact that the construction pressure reaches the construction limit highest pressure are solved, technicians usually control the adding speed by considering the construction continuity, the uncertainty of bridge plugging of the diverting agent in a crack is increased, the net pressure in the crack cannot reach the maximum and minimum horizontal stress difference required by crack diverting, and the success rate of the diverting fracturing for realizing the fracturing by fracturing modification is low.
Example 3:
on the basis of the previous embodiment, the pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing modification method for the XXX well is used for carrying out pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing modification on the XXX well and is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, the construction limited maximum pressure is determined by adding 3MPa to 5MPa after the sum of the maximum horizontal principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress difference calculated by rock mechanical parameters and the maximum construction pressure of the primary reconstruction.
The difference value of the maximum horizontal principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress of the rock mechanical parameters is calculated to be 8MPa through the logging data of the well, and the initial construction is carried out at the discharge capacity of 4 m/min3And the well mouth construction pressure is 57MPa, and the maximum pressure limited by the forced fracture turning fracturing construction is 68 MPa.
injecting fracturing fluid into the pad fluid stage to open old joints subjected to primary fracturing, considering that the overall construction scale is small, and determining the consumption of the fracturing fluid for opening the old joints to be 30m3The injection displacement is 3.0m3/min。
And 3, reducing the injection discharge of the fracturing fluid, adding a water-soluble diverting agent, and forming bridge plugging in the old joint by the diverting agent to cause the shaft to be suppressed until the construction pressure of the wellhead reaches the construction limit maximum pressure.
Injection of 30m3After the liquid is preposed, the construction discharge capacity is controlled to be 3.0m per minute3Reduced to 2.0m3(point B in figure 1), 300kg of fracture diverting agent is rapidly added at the speed of 400kg per minute, and the diverting agent forms bridge plugging in an old fracture passage, so that pressure is held in the old fracture passage, and the construction pressure of a wellhead rapidly reaches the maximum pressure of 68 MPa.
Step 4, repeatedly pumping and injecting fracturing fluid in a pulse mode, enabling the wellhead pressure to reach the construction limited highest pressure for multiple times under the condition of holding pressure in the crack, enabling the net pressure in the crack to exceed the difference between the maximum horizontal stress and the minimum horizontal stress required by crack steering, and forcing the crack to steer until a new crack is opened;
and (3) starting and stopping the pump repeatedly to enable the old seam to be subjected to pulse type pressure holding, the highest pressure of the wellhead is limited to 68MPa when the pressure is held, the crack is forced to turn successfully after the pump is started and the pulse is repeated for 3 times (C, D, E points in figure 1), and the new seam opening characteristic is achieved. The new seam opening is judged by monitoring the ground construction pressure, and the pressure change before and after the addition of the diverting agent is as follows: before adding, the construction displacement is 3m per minute3The pressure of well head is 49MPa (point A in figure 1), and the construction displacement is 2.0 m/min after adding3The wellhead pressure was 61MPa (point F in FIG. 1). And under the condition that the construction discharge capacity of the point F is lower than that of the point A after the diverting agent is added, the construction pressure of the wellhead is 12MPa higher than that of the point A, which indicates that the fracture is successfully diverted and extends in a new seam.
And 5, carrying out fracturing reconstruction on the new seam.
In this example, the water soluble diverting agent is composed of 60% gelatin, 10% sodium stearate, 30% methylcellulose, wherein gelatin is industrial gelatin, has no fixed structure and relative molecular weight, and is degraded by collagen in connective tissue of animal skin, bone, sarcolemma, fascial, etc. to become white or yellowish, translucent, slightly glossy flakes or particles, and the relative molecular weight of methylcellulose is 5 × 104-15×104。
The maximum horizontal principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress of the target layer can be measured by calculation or an instrument, and both belong to the prior art, and the specific process of carrying out fracture reconstruction on the new fracture belongs to common knowledge.
The parts of the above embodiments not specifically described are within the common general knowledge and the common general knowledge in the field of the technology and will not be described in detail herein.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An oil-gas well pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) calculating the difference between the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress of a target layer, and determining the upper limit of construction pressure;
the upper limit of the construction pressure is that 3-5MPa is added to the sum of the difference between the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress of the target layer and the primary construction pressure;
step 2), injecting fracturing fluid into the pad fluid stage to open old joints;
step 3) reducing the injection discharge amount of the fracturing fluid and adding a water-soluble diverting agent until the construction pressure of the wellhead reaches the upper limit of the construction pressure;
step 4) repeatedly starting and stopping the pump to inject fracturing fluid in a pulse mode, enabling the pressure of a well head to reach the upper limit of construction pressure under the condition of suppressing pressure in the crack, enabling the net pressure in the crack to exceed the pressure in the crack required by crack steering, and forcing the crack to steer until a new crack is opened;
the judgment of opening the new seam is carried out by monitoring the ground construction pressure, and after the water-soluble diverting agent is added, the wellhead construction pressure is higher than that before the water-soluble diverting agent is added by more than 3MPa under the condition of the same construction displacement, the new seam is determined to be opened, and the diversion is successful;
and 5) carrying out fracturing reconstruction on the new seam.
2. The pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid consumption for injecting fracturing fluid into the pad fluid stage in the step 2) to open old joints is 30m3To 50m3The injection displacement is 2.0m3Min to 3.0m3/min。
3. The pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adding speed of the water-soluble diverting agent in the step 3) is 300kg-500kg per minute, and the dosage is 200kg-300 kg.
4. The pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step 4), the number of times of repeatedly starting and stopping the pump to inject the fracturing fluid in a pulse mode is 2-3 times.
5. The pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid in the step 3) is 1.5m3Min to 2.0m3/min。
6. The pulse type forced fracture steering fracturing method for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water-soluble diverting agent consists of the following substances in percentage by mass: 60% of gelatin, 5-10% of sodium stearate and 25-35% of methyl cellulose.
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Effective date of registration: 20201119 Address after: 100007 Dongcheng District, Dongzhimen, China, North Street, No. 9 Oil Mansion, No. Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM Corp. Patentee after: CNPC CHUANQING DRILLING ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710018 Shaanxi city of Xi'an province Weiyang District four road Fengcheng Changqing Technology Building Patentee before: CNPC CHUANQING DRILLING ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. |
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