CN107904939B - Preparation method of strong base ion exchange fiber - Google Patents

Preparation method of strong base ion exchange fiber Download PDF

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CN107904939B
CN107904939B CN201711226403.8A CN201711226403A CN107904939B CN 107904939 B CN107904939 B CN 107904939B CN 201711226403 A CN201711226403 A CN 201711226403A CN 107904939 B CN107904939 B CN 107904939B
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fiber
ion exchange
strong base
base ion
drying
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CN107904939A (en
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黄佳佳
炊宁博
李奕帆
王景涛
牛聪
马楠
原思国
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Zhengzhou University
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/35—Heterocyclic compounds
    • D06M13/355—Heterocyclic compounds having six-membered heterocyclic rings
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J43/00—Amphoteric ion-exchange, i.e. using ion-exchangers having cationic and anionic groups; Use of material as amphoteric ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving their amphoteric ion-exchange properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
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    • C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of strong base ion exchange fiber. Firstly, adding matrix fibers into a reaction vessel, then adding a solvent A for full swelling, adding cyanuric chloride and a catalyst after swelling, uniformly stirring, and heating for reaction; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a product, and sequentially soaking, extracting, washing and drying the product to obtain cyanuric chloride modified fiber; adding the cyanuric chloride modified fiber into a solvent B for full swelling, sequentially adding a functional reagent and an acid-binding agent after swelling, stirring uniformly, heating, cooling to room temperature after reaction, filtering to obtain a product, sequentially soaking, extracting, washing and drying the product to obtain the strong base ion exchange fiber. The strong base ion exchange fiber prepared by the method effectively avoids the use defect of strong carcinogenic substances such as chloromethyl ether and the like adopted in the chloromethylation process in the prior art.

Description

Preparation method of strong base ion exchange fiber
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a preparation method of ion exchange fiber, in particular to a preparation method of novel strong base ion exchange fiber.
Secondly, background art:
the ion exchange fiber has the advantages of high adsorption speed, high purification rate, stable osmotic pressure, capability of being woven into various fabric forms and the like, and has wide application prospects in various fields of harmful gas purification, heavy metal wastewater treatment, ultrapure water preparation, seawater desalination and the like; especially strong base ion exchange fiber, has strong ion exchange capacity and wide application range, and receives more attention. The methods used to date for the preparation of strong base ion exchange fibers are mainly: grafting a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene onto polypropylene fibers by irradiation initiation, and then carrying out chloromethylation and quaternization on the copolymer; preparing strong base ion exchange fiber by taking the sea-island composite fiber as a substrate and performing chloromethylation and quaternization on the sea-island composite fiber; the strong base ion exchange fiber is prepared by chloromethylation and quaternization by taking polyphenylene sulfide fiber with a benzene ring on the main chain as a matrix.
At present, the existing preparation method for preparing the strong base ion exchange fiber needs the chloromethylation step, the chloromethylation reagent is mainly chloromethyl ether, and the chloromethyl ether is a strong carcinogenic substance and has been prohibited to be used internationally. Therefore, it is of great significance to research a new strong base ion exchange fiber which can replace chloromethyl ether which is a strong carcinogen to prepare the strong base ion exchange fiber with equivalent exchange capacity.
In recent years, there have been some literature reports and patent publications on the preparation of strong base ion exchange fibers, such as 1, application No. 201010555361.4, entitled "method for preparing polyphenylene sulfide based strong base ion exchange fibers". The invention discloses a quaternary amine type ion exchange fiber material which is prepared by taking polyphenylene sulfide fibers as a matrix and carrying out chloromethylation and quaternization. 2. The patent 201310240562.9 entitled "preparation method of PPS-based N-methylimidazole strong base ion exchange fiber" uses polyphenylene sulfide fiber as a skeleton, and obtains a novel strong base ion exchange fiber through chloromethylation and N-methylimidazole functionalization. Both of the two existing preparation methods adopt chloromethyl ether which is a strong carcinogen in the chloromethylation reaction process.
Thirdly, the invention content:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the technical problem that the chloromethylation reaction is carried out by adopting chloromethyl ether which is a strong carcinogen in the existing method for preparing the strong base ion exchange fiber, the invention provides a novel method for preparing the strong base ion exchange fiber with the exchange capacity equivalent to that of the prior art, namely the invention provides a novel method for preparing the strong base ion exchange fiber. According to the technical scheme, the functional group containing active chlorine is introduced to the matrix fiber by using low-price and non-carcinogenic cyanuric chloride to replace carcinogenic substances such as chloromethyl ether and the like, and then the novel strong-base ion exchange fiber is prepared by reacting with a reagent containing a strong-base functional group. The invention effectively avoids the use defects of strong carcinogenic substances such as chloromethyl ether and the like adopted in the chloromethylation process in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a preparation method of strong base ion exchange fiber, which comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, adding matrix fibers into a reaction container, then adding a solvent A for full swelling, adding cyanuric chloride and a catalyst after swelling, stirring or ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, then heating to 60-120 ℃, and reacting for 6-48 h under the temperature condition; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a product, and sequentially soaking, extracting, washing and drying the product to obtain cyanuric chloride modified fiber;
the mass-volume ratio (g/ml) of the added amount of the matrix fiber to the solvent A is 1: 10-100, wherein the mass ratio of the matrix fiber to the cyanuric chloride is 1: 0.5-3, wherein the molar ratio of the cyanuric chloride to the catalyst is 1: 0.5 to 1;
b. b, adding the cyanuric chloride modified fiber obtained in the step a into a solvent B for full swelling, sequentially adding a functional reagent and an acid-binding agent after swelling, stirring or ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, heating to 30-70 ℃, and reacting for 1-12 h under the temperature condition; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a product, and sequentially soaking, extracting, washing and drying the product to obtain a product, namely the strong base ion exchange fiber;
the mass-volume ratio (g/ml) of the addition amount of the cyanuric chloride modified fiber to the solvent B is 1: 10-100, wherein the molar ratio of active chlorine to a functional reagent on the cyanuric chloride modified fiber is 1: 1-10, wherein the molar ratio of active chlorine to an acid-binding agent on the cyanuric chloride modified fiber is 1: 1 to 2.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, in the step a, the base fiber is polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS fiber) or polypropylene grafted styrene-divinylbenzene fiber (PP-St-DVB fiber); the grafting rate of the PP-St-DVB fiber is 100-250%, and the content of divinylbenzene is 2-5%; the solvent A is dichloroethane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or nitrobenzene; the catalyst is anhydrous aluminum trichloride, anhydrous ferric trichloride, anhydrous zinc chloride or anhydrous stannic chloride.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, the time for sufficient swelling in the step a is 6-48 h.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, the specific operation processes of soaking, extracting, washing and drying the obtained product in the step a are that the obtained product is soaked for 10 hours by adopting HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L, extracted for 8 hours by using ethanol, washed to be neutral, washed and dried in vacuum to be constant weight.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, the vacuum degree is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃ and the drying time is 24 hours during vacuum drying.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, in the step B, the solvent B is at least one of water, acetone and tetrahydrofuran; the time for sufficient swelling is 6-48 h.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, the functionalizing agent in the step b is trimethylamine aqueous solution, triethylamine, N-methylimidazole or cyanoguanidine; the acid-binding agent is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or N, N-diisopropyl ethylenediamine.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, the mass percentage concentration of the trimethylamine aqueous solution is 25%.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, the specific operation processes of soaking, extracting, washing and drying in the step b are that the obtained product is sequentially soaked for 10 hours by adopting HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L, extracted for 8 hours by using ethanol, washed to be neutral, washed and dried in vacuum to constant weight.
According to the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber, the vacuum degree is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃ and the drying time is 24 hours during vacuum drying.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
1. according to the technical scheme, a Friedel-crafts alkylation reaction of cyanuric chloride and a benzene ring is firstly carried out, an active chlorine functional group capable of being further functionalized is introduced to the benzene ring of a fiber substrate, and then a nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out on the active chlorine functional group and a reagent with a strong base functional group, and the strong base functional group is introduced, so that the novel strong base ion exchange fiber is obtained.
2. The technical scheme of the invention effectively avoids the use of chloromethyl ether which is a strong carcinogen in the prior art, and can provide two active chlorines when introducing one cyanuric chloride on the benzene ring of the matrix fiber. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the strong base ion exchange fiber prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has higher exchange capacity; through chemical tests, the exchange capacity of the strong base ion exchange fiber prepared by the method can reach 4.93mmol/g at most, and the exchange capacity of the fiber obtained by the prior art is about 3.0mmol/g generally.
3. The strong base ion exchange fiber prepared by the technical scheme of the invention not only has a strong base functional group and can perform ion exchange with anions, but also has triazine ring of cyanuric chloride and can perform coordination with metal cations so as to adsorb the cations. The existing strong base ion exchange fiber can only exchange ions with anions. In addition, the strong base ion exchange fiber prepared by the technical scheme of the invention embodies some specific adsorption performances through the mutual coordination of the strong base functional groups and the triazine ring, and has excellent adsorption performances on certain metal ions and anions.
4. The preparation method adopted by the invention is mature and stable, simple in reaction process, convenient to operate, short in time, low in energy consumption, easy to treat and small in pollution. In addition, the invention can obtain a series of ion exchange fibers with strong base function by changing the functional reagent, provides a brand new thought for the preparation of the strong base ion exchange fibers, and provides a powerful basis for the industrial application of the strong base ion exchange fibers.
5. According to the technical scheme, the functional group containing active chlorine is introduced to the matrix fiber by using low-price and non-carcinogenic cyanuric chloride to replace carcinogenic substances such as chloromethyl ether and the like, and then the novel strong-base ion exchange fiber is prepared by reacting with a reagent containing a strong-base functional group. The invention effectively avoids the use defects of strong carcinogenic substances such as chloromethyl ether and the like adopted in the chloromethylation process in the prior art.
Fourthly, explanation of the attached drawings:
FIG. 1: (a) original matrix fiber, (b) cyanuric chloride modified fiber and the obtained product, (c) scanning electron microscope picture of strong base ion exchange fiber.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the surface of the original matrix fiber is smooth, the surface of the fiber modified by cyanuric chloride begins to become rough, the surface roughness of the strong base ion exchange fiber obtained by further functionalization is further increased, and a small amount of fragments and grooves begin to appear, so that the reaction is proved to be carried out smoothly.
FIG. 2 EDS curves for strong base ion exchange fibers prepared in example 5 of the present invention.
Through EDS analysis of FIG. 2, the sample contains C, N, S and Cl, which indicates that cyanuric chloride is successfully grafted on the surface of the fiber.
FIG. 3 shows the adsorption performance of the strong base ion exchange fiber prepared in example 2 of the present invention on hexavalent chromium.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 224mg/g, which is higher than the adsorption capacity of the existing strong base ion cross-linking fiber.
FIG. 4 shows the recycling performance of hexavalent chromium adsorbed by the strongly basic ion exchange fiber prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
From the use it follows: the fiber is repeatedly used for 5 times, the adsorption performance is almost not lost, and the regeneration rate is close to 100 percent, which shows that the fiber of the invention has good adsorption performance on hexavalent chromium.
The fifth embodiment is as follows:
the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber comprises the following detailed steps:
a. firstly, weighing 1.84g of polyphenylene sulfide fiber, namely PPS fiber, adding into a reaction bottle, then adding 18.4ml of dichloroethane, standing and swelling for 48h, adding 0.92g (5mmol) of cyanuric chloride and 1.305g (5mmol) of anhydrous stannic chloride after swelling, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, reacting for 48h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction is finished, filtering to obtain a product, soaking the product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to be neutral, drying in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24h), and obtaining the cyanuric chloride modified polyphenylene sulfide fiber (the modified polyphenylene sulfide fiber is increased by 23% relative to the original polyphenylene sulfide fiber after modification by calculation, the amount of grafted cyanuric chloride is 1.26mmol/g, and the content of active chlorine is 2.52 mmol/g);
b. weighing 1g of the cyanuric chloride modified polyphenylene sulfide fiber obtained in the step a, adding 10ml of acetone, standing and swelling for 48h, adding 5.947g, 25% trimethylamine aqueous solution (with the trimethylamine content being 25.2mmol) and 0.134g of sodium carbonate (1.26mmol) in sequence after swelling, uniformly stirring, heating and heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 1h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction, filtering to obtain a product, soaking the product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to neutrality, drying in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08MPa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24h), and drying to obtain the quaternary ammonium type polyphenylene sulfide ether ion exchange fiber (the weight of the fiber is increased by 13% after quaternization before reaction, and the exchange capacity of the fiber is calculated to be 1.95 mmol/g).
Example 2:
the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber comprises the following detailed steps:
a. firstly weighing 4.6g of PP-St-DVB fiber, adding the PP-St-DVB fiber into a reaction bottle, adding 200ml of nitrobenzene, standing and swelling for 12h, adding 11.5g (62.5mmol) of cyanuric chloride and 10.14g (62.5mmol) of anhydrous ferric trichloride after swelling, ultrasonically dissolving the mixture uniformly, heating the mixture to 120 ℃, reacting the mixture for 6h at the temperature, cooling the mixture to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering the mixture, filtering out the obtained product, soaking the obtained product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting the product with ethanol for 8h, washing the product with water to be neutral, drying the product in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24h), and obtaining cyanuric chloride modified PP-St-DVB fiber (the modified PP-St-DVB fiber is obtained by drying, wherein the weight of the grafted cyanuric chloride is 2.56mmol/g and the content of active chlorine is 5.12 mmol/g);
b. weighing 1g of cyanuric chloride modified fiber obtained in the step a, adding 50ml of deionized water, standing and swelling for 24h, adding 11.894g, 25% trimethylamine aqueous solution (trimethylamine content is 50.4mmol) and 0.272g of sodium carbonate (2.56mmol) in sequence after swelling, uniformly stirring, heating and heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 10h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction is finished, filtering to obtain a product, soaking the product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to neutrality, drying in vacuum to constant weight (vacuum degree is 0.08MPa, drying temperature is 60 ℃, drying time is 24h), and drying to obtain the PP-St-DVB strong base ion exchange fiber with trimethylamine functional group (weight is increased by 41% after quaternization relative to that before reaction, and exchange capacity of the fiber is 4.93 mmol/g).
The PP-St-DVB strong base ion exchange fiber with the trimethylamine functional group prepared in the embodiment is used for carrying out an adsorption test on hexavalent chromium, and tests prove that the PP-St-DVB strong base ion exchange fiber with the trimethylamine functional group prepared in the embodiment 2 has very excellent adsorption performance on hexavalent chromium, and as shown in the detailed chart of fig. 3 and 4, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 224mg/g, which is higher than that of the existing strong base ion exchange fiber, and meanwhile, the PP-St-DVB strong base ion exchange fiber with the trimethylamine functional group has very good recycling performance.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber comprises the following detailed steps:
a. firstly weighing 0.92g of PP-St-DVB fiber, adding the PP-St-DVB fiber into a reaction bottle, adding 20ml of chloroform, standing and swelling for 6h, adding 2.76g (15mmol) of cyanuric chloride and 0.1g (7.5mmol) of anhydrous aluminum trichloride after swelling, ultrasonically dissolving uniformly, heating and heating to 60 ℃, reacting for 24h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction is finished, filtering out the obtained product, soaking the obtained product for 10h by adopting HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L, extracting for 8h by using ethanol, washing with water to be neutral, drying in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the drying time is 24h), and obtaining the cyanuric chloride modified PP-St-DVB fiber (the modified PP-St-DVB fiber gains 39% relative to the original PP-St-DVB fiber, and the grafted cyanuric chloride has the content of 1.90mmol/g and the active chlorine content of 3.8mmol/g by calculation);
b. weighing 1g of cyanuric chloride modified fiber obtained in the step a, adding 10ml of acetone, standing and swelling for 48h, adding 0.377g N-methylimidazole (3.8mmol) and 0.319g of sodium bicarbonate (3.8mmol) in sequence after swelling, uniformly stirring, heating to 30 ℃, reacting for 12h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction, filtering to obtain a product, soaking the product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to neutrality, drying in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08MPa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24h), and drying to obtain the PP-St-DVB strong base ion exchange fiber with the N-methylpyrrolidone functional group (the weight of the fiber is increased by 32% after quaternization relative to that of the fiber before reaction, and the exchange capacity of the fiber is 2.45 mmol/g).
Example 4:
the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber comprises the following detailed steps:
a. firstly weighing 4.6g of PP-St-DVB fiber, adding the PP-St-DVB fiber into a reaction bottle, adding 200ml of nitrobenzene, standing and swelling for 12h, adding 11.5g (62.5mmol) of cyanuric chloride and 10.14g (62.5mmol) of anhydrous ferric trichloride after swelling, ultrasonically dissolving the mixture uniformly, heating the mixture to 120 ℃, reacting the mixture for 6h at the temperature, cooling the mixture to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering the mixture, filtering out the obtained product, soaking the obtained product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting the product with ethanol for 8h, washing the product with water to be neutral, drying the product in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24h), and obtaining cyanuric chloride modified PP-St-DVB fiber (the modified PP-St-DVB fiber is obtained by drying, wherein the weight of the grafted cyanuric chloride is 2.56mmol/g and the content of active chlorine is 5.12 mmol/g);
b. weighing 1g of cyanuric chloride modified fiber obtained in the step a, adding 50ml of deionized water, standing and swelling for 24h, adding 3.97g of cyanoguanidine (46.08mmol) and 0.205g of sodium hydroxide (5.12mmol) in sequence after swelling, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, reacting for 8h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction, filtering to obtain a product, soaking the product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to neutrality, drying in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the drying time is 24 Mpa), and drying to obtain the PP-St-DVB strong base ion exchange fiber with cyanoguanidine functional groups (the weight of the fiber is increased by 41% after quaternization and the exchange capacity of the fiber is 3.46mmol/g before reaction).
Example 5:
the preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber comprises the following detailed steps:
a. firstly weighing 4.14g of polyphenylene sulfide fiber, namely PPS fiber, adding the PPS fiber into a reaction bottle, adding 180ml of carbon tetrachloride, standing and swelling for 15h, adding 9.2g (50mmol) of cyanuric chloride and 5.96g (43.75mmol) of anhydrous zinc chloride after swelling, heating and uniformly dissolving, heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 25h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction is finished, filtering to obtain a product, soaking the product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to be neutral, drying in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08MPa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24h), and obtaining the cyanuric chloride modified polyphenylene sulfide fiber (the modified polyphenylene sulfide fiber is increased in weight by 52% relative to the original polyphenylene sulfide fiber after modification by calculation, the amount of grafted cyanuric chloride is 2.31mmol/g, and the content of active chlorine is 4.62 mmol/g);
b. weighing 1g of the cyanuric chloride modified polyphenylene sulfide fiber obtained in the step a, adding 40ml of deionized water, standing and swelling for 28h, adding 4.04g of triethylamine (40mmol) and 0.665g N after swelling, N-diisopropylethylenediamine (4.62mmol) in sequence, stirring uniformly, heating and heating to 65 ℃, reacting for 10h under the temperature condition, cooling to room temperature after reaction is finished, filtering to obtain a product, soaking the product in HCl with the concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to neutrality, drying in vacuum to constant weight (the vacuum degree is 0.08MPa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24h), and drying to obtain the PPS strong base ion exchange fiber with triethylamine functional groups (the fiber is increased by 32% after quaternization and the exchange capacity of the fiber is 2.40mmol/g before reaction).

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the strong base ion exchange fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. firstly, adding matrix fibers into a reaction container, then adding a solvent A for full swelling, adding cyanuric chloride and a catalyst after swelling, stirring or ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, then heating to 60-120 ℃, and reacting for 6-48 h under the temperature condition; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a product, and sequentially soaking, extracting, washing and drying the product to obtain cyanuric chloride modified fiber;
the mass volume ratio of the added amount of the matrix fiber to the solvent A is 1: 10-100, wherein the mass ratio of the matrix fiber to the cyanuric chloride is 1: 0.5-3, wherein the molar ratio of the cyanuric chloride to the catalyst is 1: 0.5 to 1;
the matrix fiber is polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS fiber) or polypropylene grafted styrene-divinylbenzene fiber (PP-St-DVB fiber); the grafting rate of the PP-St-DVB fiber is 100-250%, and the content of divinylbenzene is 2-5%; the solvent A is dichloroethane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or nitrobenzene; the catalyst is anhydrous aluminum trichloride, anhydrous ferric trichloride, anhydrous zinc chloride or anhydrous stannic chloride;
b. b, adding the cyanuric chloride modified fiber obtained in the step a into a solvent B for full swelling, sequentially adding a functional reagent and an acid-binding agent after swelling, stirring or ultrasonically dispersing uniformly, heating to 30-70 ℃, and reacting for 1-12 h under the temperature condition; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a product, and sequentially soaking, extracting, washing and drying the product to obtain a product, namely the strong base ion exchange fiber;
the mass-volume ratio of the cyanuric chloride modified fiber to the solvent B is 1: 10-100, wherein the molar ratio of active chlorine to a functional reagent on the cyanuric chloride modified fiber is 1: 1-10, wherein the molar ratio of active chlorine to an acid-binding agent on the cyanuric chloride modified fiber is 1: 1-2;
the functional reagent is trimethylamine water solution, triethylamine, N-methylimidazole or cyanoguanidine; the acid-binding agent is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or N, N-diisopropyl ethylenediamine.
2. The method of making a strong base ion exchange fiber of claim 1, wherein: the time for fully swelling in the step a is 6-48 h.
3. The method for preparing strong base ion exchange fiber according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation process of sequentially soaking, extracting, washing and drying the obtained product in step a comprises sequentially soaking the obtained product in HCl with concentration of 2 mol/L for 10h, extracting with ethanol for 8h, washing with water to neutrality, washing with water, and vacuum drying to constant weight.
4. The method of making a strong base ion exchange fiber of claim 3, wherein: the vacuum degree during vacuum drying is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24 h.
5. The method of making a strong base ion exchange fiber of claim 1, wherein: in the step B, the solvent B is at least one of water, acetone and tetrahydrofuran; the time for sufficient swelling is 6-48 h.
6. The method of making a strong base ion exchange fiber of claim 1, wherein: the mass percentage concentration of the trimethylamine aqueous solution is 25%.
7. The preparation method of strong base ion exchange fiber according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation processes of soaking, extracting, washing with water and drying in step b are that the obtained product is sequentially soaked for 10h with HCl with concentration of 2 mol/L, extracted for 8h with ethanol, washed with water to neutrality, and dried in vacuum to constant weight after being washed with water.
8. The method of making a strong base ion exchange fiber of claim 7, wherein: the vacuum degree during vacuum drying is 0.08Mpa, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 24 h.
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