CN107904387B - A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment - Google Patents

A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107904387B
CN107904387B CN201711153080.4A CN201711153080A CN107904387B CN 107904387 B CN107904387 B CN 107904387B CN 201711153080 A CN201711153080 A CN 201711153080A CN 107904387 B CN107904387 B CN 107904387B
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gear shaft
heat treatment
cooled
treatment process
hardness
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CN107904387A (en
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刘仕爽
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Zhejiang Yong Ling Hydraulic Machinery Co., Ltd.
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Zhejiang Yong Ling Hydraulic Machinery Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/28—Normalising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment, by normalizing in heat treatment process, spheroidizing, quenching, tempering and etc. temperature and time optimization, enhance the mechanical property of gear shaft, obtain ideal hardness and uniformity of hardness；The component of gear shaft is optimized by the way that Mn, Cr, Mo, V, rare earth element is added, to significantly increase the stabilization of austenite of gear shaft, improves the harden ability and hardenability of gear shaft, and improve the wearability and anti-fatigue performance of product；Also, the surface of gear shaft is made to obtain martensite and bainite fine grained texture.

Description

A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal heat treatmet fields, in particular to a kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment.
Background technique
Gear shaft can generally use carburizing steel, but also use quenched and tempered steel, especially large gear axis sometimes.It is given birth in practice What is produced tries out repeatedly and adjusts, and gear axle-steel has formed architecture, and these steel grades compare concentrations, such as German CK45,34CrMo, 42CrMo4,34CrNiMo6 Series Steel；Such steel in the U.S. is mainly 4130,4340,4150,4140 steel； The steel grade of Japan is then SCM4, SNCM8 etc..The purpose of these steel alloyings is, first is that make steel that there is good harden ability, with Just gear shaft can obtain the Malpighian layer of adequate thickness after quenching, and manganese, chromium, molybdenum etc. are to raising harden ability in this dvielement It plays a role clearly.Second is that making tempering backgear axle still remain good comprehensive mechanical property, as carbon such as vanadium, manganese, chromium The addition of compound formation element can significantly improve temper resistance.
It since two thousand and ten, is the demand for adapting to high quality product and diversification of varieties, the country is newly-built and has reconstructed large quantities of Advanced gear shaft production line, it is desirable to be able to obtain better properties of product and service life.But the axle body of current gear shaft product Surface hardness is relatively low, and quench-hardened case is shallow, and anti-strip and anti-accident ability are weak without being able to satisfy requirement.User's an urgent demand improves Gear shaft depth of hardening zone and wearability, and there is good anti-fatigue ability, to improve service life, reduce axis consumption and production Cost.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as to improve gear shaft mechanical property and wearability, the present invention provides a kind of heat treatments of gear shaft Technique enables gear shaft product to obtain enough depths of hardening zone and wearability and good anti-fatigue ability.
A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment, includes the following steps:
(1) the gear shaft blank normalizing after forging is first heated to 1000~1100 DEG C of 0.5~1h of austenitizing；
(2) 850~900 DEG C of progress 1~2h of spheroidizing are cooled to the furnace again, are then air-cooled to room temperature；
(3) after gear shaft blank described in Quench heating to 950~1050 DEG C of 0.5~1h of heat preservation, oil is cold；
(4) it when the gear shaft blank is cooled to 200~350 DEG C, is put into tempering furnace, keeps the temperature 1 at 450~500 DEG C ~2h tempering, then cools to 250~300 DEG C with the furnace, comes out of the stove and be air-cooled to room temperature.
Forging step before the heat treatment process is to keep the temperature 1 after gear shaft blank is first heated to 1100~1200 DEG C ~2h, then forging of coming out of the stove.
The C that the ingredient and weight percent of the gear shaft blank are 0.25%~0.35%, 0.25%~0.35% Si, 2.50%~3.50% Cr, 1.50%~2.00% Mn, 0.15%~0.20% Mo, 0.15%~0.20% V, 0.03%~0.05% Y, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity.
Surface hardness after the gear shaft heat treatment is 75~80HS, and shaft end portion hardness is 65~75HS, and hardness is uniform Property be ± 2.0HS.
The surface of the gear shaft is martensitic structure and bainite structure, and core is pearlitic structrure.
It preferably, is martensitic structure and bainite in the range of 20~40mm below the surface to surface of the gear shaft Tissue.
The present invention by normalizing in heat treatment process, spheroidizing, quenching, tempering and etc. temperature and time it is excellent Change, enhances the mechanical property of gear shaft, obtain ideal hardness and uniformity of hardness；By be added Mn, Cr, Mo, V, The component of gear shaft is optimized in rare earth element, to significantly increase the stabilization of austenite of gear shaft, improves tooth The harden ability and hardenability of wheel shaft, and improve the wearability and anti-fatigue performance of product；Also, obtain the surface of gear shaft Martensite and bainite fine grained texture.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and comparative example, the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment, includes the following steps:
(1) the gear shaft blank normalizing after forging is first heated to 1000 DEG C of austenitizing 0.5h；
(2) 850 DEG C of progress spheroidizing 2h are cooled to the furnace again, are then air-cooled to room temperature；
(3) after gear shaft blank described in Quench heating to 950 DEG C of heat preservation 1h, oil is cold；
(4) it when the gear shaft blank is cooled to 350 DEG C, is put into tempering furnace, in 500 DEG C of heat preservation 1h temperings, Then 250 DEG C are cooled to the furnace, comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.
Forging step before the heat treatment process is first to be heated to gear shaft blank to keep the temperature 2h after 1100 DEG C, then go out Furnace forging.
C, 0.25% Si, 2.50% Cr that the ingredient and weight percent of the gear shaft blank are 0.25%, 1.50% Mn, 0.15% Mo, 0.15% V, 0.03% Y, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity.
Surface hardness after gear shaft heat treatment is 75HS, and shaft end portion hardness is 65HS, uniformity of hardness is ± 2.0HS。
It is martensitic structure and bainite structure in the range of 20mm below the surface to surface of the gear shaft, core is Pearlitic structrure.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment, includes the following steps:
(1) the gear shaft blank normalizing after forging is first heated to 1100 DEG C of austenitizing 0.5h；
(2) 900 DEG C of progress spheroidizing 1h are cooled to the furnace again, are then air-cooled to room temperature；
(3) after gear shaft blank described in Quench heating to 1050 DEG C of heat preservation 0.5h, oil is cold；
(4) it when the gear shaft blank is cooled to 200 DEG C, is put into tempering furnace, in 450 DEG C of heat preservation 2h temperings, Then 300 DEG C are cooled to the furnace, comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.
Forging step before the heat treatment process is first to be heated to gear shaft blank to keep the temperature 1h after 1200 DEG C, then go out Furnace forging.
C, 0.35% Si, 3.50% Cr that the ingredient and weight percent of the gear shaft blank are 0.35%, 2.00% Mn, 0.20% Mo, 0.20% V, 0.05% Y, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity.
Surface hardness after gear shaft heat treatment is 80HS, and shaft end portion hardness is 75HS, uniformity of hardness is ± 2.0HS。
It is martensitic structure and bainite structure in the range of 40mm below the surface to surface of the gear shaft, core is Pearlitic structrure.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment, includes the following steps:
(1) the gear shaft blank normalizing after forging is first heated to 1050 DEG C of austenitizing 1h；
(2) 880 DEG C of progress spheroidizing 1h are cooled to the furnace again, are then air-cooled to room temperature；
(3) after gear shaft blank described in Quench heating to 1000 DEG C of heat preservation 0.5h, oil is cold；
(4) it when the gear shaft blank is cooled to 300 DEG C, is put into tempering furnace, in 480 DEG C of heat preservation 2h temperings, Then 280 DEG C are cooled to the furnace, comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.
Forging step before the heat treatment process is first to be heated to gear shaft blank to keep the temperature 1h after 1150 DEG C, then go out Furnace forging.
C, 0.35% Si, 3.00% Cr that the ingredient and weight percent of the gear shaft blank are 0.30%, 1.80% Mn, 0.15% Mo, 0.17% V, 0.04% Y, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity.
Surface hardness after gear shaft heat treatment is 77HS, and shaft end portion hardness is 68HS, uniformity of hardness is ± 2.0HS。
It is martensitic structure and bainite structure in the range of 30mm below the surface to surface of the gear shaft, core is Pearlitic structrure.
Comparative example 1:
When using the heat treatment process being different from the present invention, due to heat treatment temperature or the difference of time, especially normalizing, After the heat treatment sequence that spheroidizing, quenching are tempered again is changed, it is uneven to will lead to phosphorus content, especially quenching Step when, The carbon content dissolved in austenite is inconsistent, is equally that the hardness of quenched martensite also can be inconsistent.
Comparative example 2:
Using the gear shaft for being different from alloying component of the invention, due to lack increase harden ability and hardenability Mn, Cr, The effects of Mo, V, rare earth element, making the surface hardness of gear shaft obtained is only 55HS hereinafter, uniformity of hardness can not also be protected Card.
It can be seen from embodiment 1-2 and comparative example 1-2 the present invention by normalizing in heat treatment process, spheroidizing, Quenching, tempering and etc. temperature and time optimization, enhance the mechanical property of gear shaft, obtain ideal hardness and Uniformity of hardness；The component of gear shaft is optimized by the way that Mn, Cr, Mo, V, rare earth element is added, to significantly increase The stabilization of austenite of gear shaft, improves the harden ability and hardenability of gear shaft, and improves the wearability of product and resist tired Labor performance；Also, the surface of gear shaft is made to obtain martensite and bainite fine grained texture.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: not A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments in the case where being detached from the principle of the present invention and objective, this The range of invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment, which is characterized in that the heat treatment process includes the following steps:
(1) the gear shaft blank normalizing after forging is first heated to 1000~1100 DEG C of 0.5~1h of austenitizing；
(2) 850~900 DEG C of progress 1~2h of spheroidizing are cooled to the furnace again, are then air-cooled to room temperature；
(3) after gear shaft blank described in Quench heating to 950~1050 DEG C of 0.5~1h of heat preservation, oil is cold；
(4) it when the gear shaft blank is cooled to 200~350 DEG C, is put into tempering furnace, in 450~500 DEG C of 1~2h of heat preservation Then tempering cools to 250~300 DEG C with the furnace, comes out of the stove and be air-cooled to room temperature；
Wherein, the C that the ingredient of the gear shaft blank and weight percent are 0.25%~0.35%, 0.25%~0.35% Si, 2.50%~3.50% Cr, 1.50%~2.00% Mn, 0.15%~0.20% Mo, 0.15%~0.20% V, 0.03%~0.05% Y, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity.
2. heat treatment process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the forging step before the heat treatment process is, 1~2h, then forging of coming out of the stove are kept the temperature after gear shaft blank is first heated to 1100~1200 DEG C.
3. heat treatment process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the surface hardness after gear shaft heat treatment is 75~80HS, shaft end portion hardness are 65~75HS, and uniformity of hardness is ± 2.0HS.
4. heat treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: the surface of the gear shaft is horse Family name's body tissue and bainite structure, core are pearlitic structrure.
5. heat treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: the surface of the gear shaft to table It is martensitic structure and bainite structure in the range of 20~40mm below face.
CN201711153080.4A 2017-11-19 2017-11-19 A kind of Gear Shaft Heat Treatment Active CN107904387B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107674944B (en) * 2017-11-19 2019-01-11 连云港江南精工机械有限公司 A kind of hardening and tempering method of splined shaft
CN113913600B (en) * 2021-04-12 2023-06-09 河南北方红阳机电有限公司 Thermal treatment process method for D50Re material penetration type shell

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101724786A (en) * 2008-10-22 2010-06-09 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 Bearing steel and technology for heating processing
CN102534134B (en) * 2012-01-06 2013-12-18 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 Bainite isothermal quenching thermal treatment process method for medium-carbon bearing steel
CN105643219A (en) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-08 重庆市巴南区仁荣机械厂 Machining technology for gear shaft
CN105714087A (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-29 重庆永林机械设备有限公司 42CrMo gear shaft heat treatment technology
CN105986090A (en) * 2015-01-31 2016-10-05 重庆展申机械厂 Heat treatment process for bearing steel

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