CN107902839B - Modular integrated system and process suitable for electroplating mixed wastewater treatment - Google Patents

Modular integrated system and process suitable for electroplating mixed wastewater treatment Download PDF

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CN107902839B
CN107902839B CN201711181437.XA CN201711181437A CN107902839B CN 107902839 B CN107902839 B CN 107902839B CN 201711181437 A CN201711181437 A CN 201711181437A CN 107902839 B CN107902839 B CN 107902839B
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CN107902839A (en
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于鹏飞
高振东
罗迪
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Suzhou M-Lead Electronics Co.,Ltd.
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Shenyang Jianzhu University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of integrated treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater, in particular to a modular integrated system and a process suitable for treating electroplating mixed wastewater, which are used for carrying out process integration and parametric design aiming at the problem of treatment of high-concentration wastewater generated in the production process of electroplating enterprises and realizing process modularization, intellectualization and integration. The invention is suitable for the comprehensive electroplating wastewater treatment of scattered electroplating enterprises with extremely complex water quality components, large fluctuation and high heavy metal ion content; the process adopts a plurality of units in series connection, adopts a quality-divided operation system, automatically controls the conversion process by changing the operation parameters of equipment, disperses the treatment pressure of the reactor, saves the floor area and saves the manufacturing cost; the process combination has high modularization degree, is beneficial to the technology to be converted into integrated equipment, and saves space; the process combination technology is advanced and stable and reaches the standard.

Description

Modular integrated system and process suitable for electroplating mixed wastewater treatment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of integrated treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater, in particular to a modular integrated process suitable for treating electroplating mixed wastewater, which is used for carrying out process integration and parametric design aiming at the problem of high-concentration wastewater treatment generated in the production process of electroplating enterprises and realizing process modularization, intellectualization and integration.
Background
The electroplating wastewater refers to wastewater and waste liquid discharged from an electroplating factory (or workshop), the wastewater contains more than one harmful component, which causes harm to people, pollution to environment and the like, and the electroplating wastewater has great harm and can cause acute poisoning, death and serious environmental pollution to people and livestock.
According to the investigation data, the electroplating wastewater mainly comprises cyanide-containing wastewater, chromium-containing wastewater, nickel-containing wastewater, copper-containing wastewater, zinc-containing wastewater, phosphating wastewater, acid and alkali wastewater and electroplating mixed wastewater. The sources, quality characteristics and treatment of these waste waters are briefly described below.
Cyanide-containing wastewater is from cyanide plating tanks for zinc plating, copper plating, cadmium plating, gold plating, silver plating, alloy plating and the like, and main pollutants in the wastewater comprise cyanide complex metal ions, free cyanide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and other salts, partial additives, brightening agents and the like; the cyanogen concentration in the waste water is below 50mg/L, and the pH value is 8-11. The cyanide-containing wastewater treatment system is generally called as an independent system for wastewater treatment by quality, and precious metals such as gold and silver are recovered in advance.
The chromium-containing wastewater is from chromium plating, passivation, chemical chromium plating, anodizing and the like, and main pollutants in the wastewater comprise metal ions such as hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, copper, iron and the like, sulfuric acid and the like; the wastewater of passivation, anodization and the like also contains passivated metal ions, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, partial additives, brightening agents and the like; the concentration of hexavalent chromium contained in the general wastewater is below 200mg/L, and the pH value is 4-6. The treatment system of the chromium-containing wastewater generally divides the quality into an independent system for wastewater treatment, the treated water can be recycled, and part of chromic acid can be recovered; when the waste water amount is not large, the waste water can also enter an electroplating mixed waste water system for treatment.
The nickel-containing wastewater is from a nickel plating workshop, main pollutants in the wastewater comprise salts such as nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, boric acid, sodium sulfate and the like, partial additives, brightening agents and the like, the concentration of nickel in the wastewater is below 100mg/L, and the pH value is about 6. The nickel-containing wastewater treatment system generally divides the wastewater into a single system for treatment, the treated water can be recycled, and part of nickel sulfate or nickel chloride can be recovered.
The copper-containing wastewater mainly comprises two types, one type is from an acid copper plating process, main pollutants in the wastewater comprise copper sulfate, sulfuric acid and part of brightening agent, the copper-containing concentration of the general wastewater is below 100mg/L, and the pH value is 2-3; the other is from a pyrophosphate copper plating process, and main pollutants in the wastewater comprise pyrophosphate copper, pyrophosphate potassium, potassium citrate and the like as well as part of additives, brightening agents and the like; the copper content of the general wastewater is below 50mg/L, and the pH value is about 7. The copper-containing wastewater treatment system is generally discharged into an electroplating mixed wastewater system for treatment, or can be independently formed into a system for treatment according to quality, the treated water can be recycled, and part of copper sulfate or copper pyrophosphate and the like can be recycled.
The zinc-containing wastewater includes four types according to the source thereof. The method is derived from an alkaline zincic acid process, main pollutants in the wastewater comprise zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, partial additives, brightening agents and the like, the zinc concentration in the general wastewater is below 50mg/L, and the pH value is above 9; secondly, from the potassium salt galvanizing process, main pollutants in the wastewater comprise zinc chloride, potassium chloride, boric acid, partial brightening agent and the like, the zinc concentration in the general wastewater is below 100mg/L, and the pH value is about 6; thirdly, from the zinc sulfate galvanizing process, main pollutants in the wastewater comprise zinc sulfate, thiourea, partial brightening agent and the like, the zinc-containing concentration in the general wastewater is below 100mg/L, and the pH value is 6-8; fourthly, from the ammonium salt galvanizing process, main pollutants in the wastewater comprise zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc complex and the like, partial additives, brightening agents and the like, the zinc concentration in the wastewater is below 100mg/L, and the pH value is 6-9. The zinc-containing wastewater treatment system is generally discharged into an electroplating mixed wastewater system for treatment; however, the complex salt zinc plating wastewater is generally treated separately, and is discharged into an electroplating mixed wastewater system for treatment after complex zinc is removed. The zinc-containing wastewater can also be independently treated by quality as a system, the treated water is recycled, and part of zinc salt is recovered.
The phosphorization wastewater generally comes from a phosphorization treatment process, and main pollutants in the wastewater comprise phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, zinc salt and the like; the phosphorus concentration of the wastewater is below 100mg/L, and the pH value is about 7. The phosphating wastewater treatment system generally adopts a system which is used for separate treatment and then discharges into an electroplating mixed wastewater system for treatment or directly discharges into the electroplating mixed wastewater system for treatment.
The acid and alkali waste water comes from the intermediate processes of deoiling, corrosion, pickling, brightening and the like in the pre-plating treatment, and waste water for washing the ground and the like, main pollutants in the waste water comprise various acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and the like, various alkalies such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and the like, various salts, surfactants, detergents and the like, and also contain metal ions such as iron, copper, aluminum and the like, oils, iron oxide scales, sandy soil and other impurities, and the acid and alkali waste water is acidic after being mixed. The acid and alkali wastewater treatment system generally discharges into an electroplating mixed wastewater system for treatment, or the acid and alkali wastewater treatment system can be independently used for neutralization treatment.
In summary, the mixed electroplating wastewater refers to wastewater obtained by mixing wastewater of various quality-dividing systems in an electroplating workshop with untreated discharged wastewater, except a cyanide-containing wastewater system, and the water quality and the water quantity of the mixed electroplating wastewater are related to factors such as process conditions, production load, operation management, water using modes, quality-dividing system treatment processes and degrees, and the like of electroplating production.
Meanwhile, the requirement of China on the treatment of electroplating wastewater is continuously improved, in 2008, 8.1.1, the emission standards of electroplating pollutants released by the environmental protection department and the national quality quarantine bureau stipulate the emission standards corresponding to total chromium, hexavalent chromium, total nickel, total cadmium, total silver and total plumbum and mercury which are toxic to enterprises, and the position of wastewater monitoring is changed from the enterprise total discharge port to the production facility discharge port. The standard also specifies an upper limit for the amount of wastewater discharged per unit area of the coating. Therefore, the treatment process of the electroplating wastewater needs to realize that most of the electroplating wastewater can be recycled besides the treatment water reaches the discharge standard.
At present, no method with low price and effectiveness is available for treating the electroplating mixed wastewater, the most widely and mainly adopted treatment process is a neutralization precipitation method, and the neutralization precipitation method is to add alkaline substances into the wastewater to convert heavy metal ions into metal hydroxide precipitates to be removed.
The neutralization precipitation process generally comprises two types of neutralization precipitation and subsection neutralization precipitation. The one-time neutralization precipitation method is to add an alkaline agent once to increase the pH value so as to precipitate various metal ions together. The one-time neutralization method has simple process flow and convenient operation, but the precipitate contains various metals and is not beneficial to metal recovery. The sectional neutralization method is to add alkaline agents in sections according to the characteristics of different metal hydroxides precipitating at different pH values, control different pH values and enable various heavy metals to precipitate respectively. The method has the advantages of complex process and strict requirement on pH value control, but is beneficial to respectively recovering different metals.
At present, the neutralization method is the most widely applied technology for treating electroplating mixed wastewater, but has some defects.
(1) The neutralization method needs to add a large amount of neutralization agents, generally lime is selected, the neutralization agent can simultaneously play a role in neutralization and coagulation, the price is low, the source is wide, the treatment effect is good, and almost all heavy metal ions except mercury can be coprecipitated and removed. But the using amount is large, various dosing devices are equipped, the system operation cost is greatly increased, and the storage and transportation of the medicament cause additional pollution to the environment. In some cases, such as when the amount of water is small and it is desired to reduce the amount of sludge, it is also possible to consider using sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate as the neutralizing agent, but their price is high, limiting their application.
(2) The neutralization method is adopted, the pH value must be strictly controlled according to the water quality to be treated and the types of heavy metals to be removed, equipment for automatically controlling the pH value is required to control the pH value in a segmented mode, and the requirements on the level of operators and the configuration of automatic control instruments are high.
(3) In the treatment process of the neutralization method, a large amount of medicament is added to generate a large amount of electroplating sludge at the same time, and the treatment of the electroplating sludge is the biggest problem in the treatment of electroplating wastewater. At present, the electroplating sludge belongs to typical hazardous waste, only a solidification/stabilization technology and a heat treatment technology are used for safely treating the electroplating sludge, and both the two treatment modes have extremely high energy consumption and cost and are extremely large economic burden for enterprises.
Besides the neutralization method, there are the pretreatment-coagulating sedimentation method, the chemical treatment closed cycle method and the three-bed ion exchange method, but these methods all have the disadvantages of immature technology and high investment and operation cost.
In conclusion, the electroplating mixed wastewater contains a large amount of heavy metal ions due to the special water quality characteristics, has poor biodegradability and is not easy to degrade, and no particularly effective treatment method is available in China, so that the electroplating mixed wastewater is high-efficiency, low-cost, safe and simple and convenient to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an effective treatment method for electroplating mixed wastewater. The invention aims to adopt a comprehensive method to treat the wastewater, and because a single physical process, a single biological process and a single chemical process can not realize the efficient removal of high-concentration organic matters in the production wastewater, the process provided by the invention organically combines the physical process, the biological process and the chemical process and operates together.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a modular integrated system suitable for electroplating mixed wastewater treatment comprises a primary pretreatment module, a secondary biochemical module, a tertiary materialization module and a quaternary advanced treatment module, wherein the modules automatically select different units to operate according to the operating water quality conditions;
the primary pretreatment module is provided with a micro-filter, a superfine grid screen and a regulating water tank which are arranged in series, the inlet of the micro-filter is connected with an electroplating mixed wastewater inlet, and the outlet of the micro-filter is connected with the inlet of the superfine grid screen; the outlet of the superfine grid screen is connected with the inlet of the regulating water tank; the outlet of the regulating water tank is connected with the inlet of the secondary materialization module;
the second-stage biochemical module is provided with a rotating flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor and a high-load expanded biological filter bed which are arranged in parallel; the inlet of the rotational flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is connected with the outlet of the primary pretreatment module, and the outlet of the rotational flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is connected with the tertiary physicochemical module; the inlet of the high-load expansion biological filter bed is connected with the outlet of the primary pretreatment module, and the outlet of the high-load expansion biological filter bed is connected with the tertiary materialization module;
the three-stage physicochemical module is provided with a mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, a horizontal flow sedimentation tank, a mechanical coagulation reaction tank and a radial flow sedimentation tank, the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank and the horizontal flow sedimentation tank are connected in series to form a unit, the mechanical coagulation reaction tank and the radial flow sedimentation tank are connected in series to form a unit, and the two units are arranged in series; the inlet of the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank is connected with the outlet of the secondary materialization module, and the outlet of the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank is connected with the horizontal flow sedimentation tank; the outlet of the horizontal flow sedimentation tank is connected with the inlet of the four-stage advanced treatment module; the inlet of the mechanical coagulation reaction tank is connected with the outlet of the secondary physicochemical module, and the outlet of the mechanical coagulation reaction tank is connected with the radial flow sedimentation tank; the outlet of the radial flow sedimentation tank is connected with the inlet of the four-stage advanced treatment module;
the four-stage advanced treatment module is provided with an active sand filter, an active carbon adsorption tank and a flat ceramic membrane module which are arranged in series; the inlet of the active sand filter is connected with the outlet of the three-stage physicochemical module, and the outlet of the active sand filter is connected to the active carbon adsorption tank; and an outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tank is connected to the flat ceramic membrane component, and the flat ceramic membrane component is connected to a total outlet of the water treatment system.
Electric valves are arranged in front of inlets of the rotary flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor, the high-load expanded biological filter bed, the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, the mechanical coagulation reaction tank, the activated carbon adsorption tank and the flat ceramic membrane component and are opened and closed according to process control operation.
The modular integrated process suitable for the electroplating mixed wastewater treatment adopts the modular integrated system suitable for the electroplating mixed wastewater treatment, and comprises the following steps of:
step one, monitoring and analyzing an SS value of the influent electroplating mixed wastewater on line, entering a step two when the SS value is more than 100, and entering a step three if not;
step two, starting and operating a micro-filter, and introducing the electroplating mixed wastewater into the micro-filter to remove suspended matters;
step three, operating the superfine mesh screen to remove suspended matters;
step four, operating and adjusting the water quantity and the water quality of the water tank;
step five, monitoring, analyzing and adjusting the total value of all monitored heavy metals in the pool on line, entering step six when the total value is greater than 200, and entering step seven if the total value is not greater than 200;
starting the rotary flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor to treat the wastewater;
step seven, starting the high-load expanded biological filter bed reactor to treat the wastewater;
step eight, monitoring and analyzing the SS value of the influent electroplating mixed wastewater on line, entering the step nine when the SS value is more than 100, and entering the step ten if not;
step nine, starting a mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, adding quicklime, sodium hydroxide, polyacrylamide and polyethyleneimine, stirring, and monitoring the pH value of wastewater in the mixed reaction tank on line; stopping adding the medicine when the pH value is 8.5; starting a horizontal flow sedimentation tank, and carrying out sedimentation and sludge discharge on the wastewater;
starting a mechanical coagulation reaction tank, adding polyaluminium chloride, stirring, starting a radial flow sedimentation tank, and precipitating and discharging sludge from the wastewater;
operating an active sand filter to remove suspended matters in water;
step twelve, monitoring the colorimetric value of the inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tank on line, and entering the step thirteen when the colorimetric value is larger than 50;
step thirteen, starting an activated carbon adsorption tank to perform adsorption treatment on the wastewater;
step fourteen, according to the requirement of the SS value of the effluent, when the SS value is required to be less than or equal to 30, the step fifteen is carried out, otherwise, the effluent is directly discharged;
and step fifteen, starting the flat ceramic membrane component and filtering the wastewater.
The micro-filtration machine has the filtration particle size of 5.00mm, the ultra-fine mesh screen is used, when the designed water amount is less than 100t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the regulating water pool is 18.0-24.0 h, when the designed water amount is less than 100t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the regulating water pool is 12.0-18.0 h, and when the designed water amount is more than 1000t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the regulating water pool is 12.0 h.
The designed exchange speed of the rotary flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is 1.0-2.0 m/h, and the designed filter speed of the high-load expanded biological filter bed is 2.5-4.0 m/h.
Adding quicklime, sodium hydroxide, polyacrylamide and polyethyleneimine into the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, wherein the mass ratio of the quicklime to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.01: 0.005: 0.02, the designed retention time of the reaction tank is 20-30 min; a horizontal flow sedimentation tank, wherein the residence time of the reaction tank is designed to be 3 h; adding polyaluminium chloride into a mechanical coagulation reaction tank, wherein the adding concentration of the polyaluminium chloride is 20mg/L, and the designed retention time of the reaction tank is 30 min; the residence time of the reaction tank is designed to be 2.5 h.
The average filtering speed of the active sand filter is designed to be 6 m/h; the activated carbon adsorption tank is designed to have a downward flow velocity of 5-7 m/h; the filter aperture of the flat ceramic membrane component is designed to be 1 mu m.
The method has the advantages that:
1. the method is suitable for comprehensive electroplating wastewater treatment of scattered electroplating enterprises with extremely complex water quality components, large fluctuation and high heavy metal ion content;
2. the process adopts a plurality of units in series connection, adopts a quality-divided operation system, automatically controls the conversion process by changing the operation parameters of equipment, disperses the treatment pressure of the reactor, saves the floor area and saves the manufacturing cost;
3. the process combination has high modularization degree, is beneficial to the technology to be converted into integrated equipment, and saves space; the process combination technology is advanced and stable and reaches the standard.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process scheme of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a primary pretreatment module; 2-a secondary biochemical module; 3-three-stage materialization module; 4-four-stage deep processing module.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the drawings and examples. An on-line monitoring system is arranged at the water inlet end, the result is output to an automatic control system through collecting and analyzing the water quality information of the incoming raw water, and the automatic control system sends signals to the modules or the sub-module units so as to control the automatic operation of the whole process.
The sewage firstly enters a first-stage pretreatment module which comprises a micro-filter, a superfine mesh screen and a regulating water tank. When the SS value of the inlet water is more than 100, starting the micro-filter, wherein the filtering grain diameter of the micro-filter is 5.00 mm; the superfine mesh sieve runs all the time, and the size of the mesh sieve is 1.00 mm; the water discharged from the superfine mesh screen enters an adjusting water tank, when the designed water amount is less than 100t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the adjusting water tank is 18.0-24.0 h, when the designed water amount is less than 100t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the adjusting water tank is 12.0-18.0 h, and when the designed water amount is greater than 1000t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the adjusting water tank is 12.0 h. The effluent of the primary pretreatment module enters a secondary biochemical module.
The second-stage biochemical module comprises a rotating flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor and a high-load expanded biological filter bed. The designed exchange speed of the rotary flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is 1.0-2.0 m/h, and the designed filter speed of the high-load expanded biological filter bed is 2.5-4.0 m/h. The two treatment systems are transported according to the quality of the inlet waterWhen the concentration of the heavy metal in the inlet water is monitored>When the concentration of heavy metal in the inlet water is less than or equal to 200mg/L, the rotating flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is operated, and when the concentration of heavy metal in the inlet water is monitored, the high-load expanded biological filter bed is operated. Monitoring heavy metal items including Cd2+，Co2+，Cr2+，Cu2+，Pb2+，Zn2+，Mn2+，Ni2+. The effluent of the secondary biochemical module enters a tertiary physicochemical module.
The three-stage materialization module comprises a mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, a horizontal flow sedimentation tank, a mechanical coagulation reaction tank and a radial flow sedimentation tank. The two treatment systems operate according to the quality of the inlet water, when the SS value of the inlet water is more than 100mg/L, the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank and the horizontal flow sedimentation tank operate, and when the SS value of the outlet water is less than or equal to 100mg/L, the mechanical coagulation reaction tank and the radial flow sedimentation tank operate. Adding quicklime, sodium hydroxide, polyacrylamide and polyethyleneimine into the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, and designing the residence time of the reaction tank to be 20-30 min. And the horizontal flow sedimentation tank and the reaction tank are designed to have the retention time of 3 hours. And adding polyaluminium chloride into a mechanical coagulation reaction tank, wherein the adding concentration of the polyaluminium chloride is 20mg/L, and the designed retention time of the reaction tank is 30 min. The residence time of the reaction tank is designed to be 2.5 h. The effluent of the three-stage materialization module enters a four-stage advanced treatment module.
The four-stage advanced treatment module comprises an active sand filter, an active carbon adsorption tank and a flat ceramic membrane component. The active sand filter tank is continuously operated; when the chroma index in the inlet water quality is more than 50, operating the activated carbon adsorption tank; when the SS value of the effluent is required to be less than or equal to 30mg/L, the flat ceramic membrane component is operated. The average filtering speed of the active sand filter is designed to be 6 m/h. The active carbon adsorption tank is designed to have a downward flow velocity of 5-7 m/h. The filter aperture of the flat ceramic membrane component is designed to be 1 mu m.
Example 1
The design water amount of certain electroplating mixed wastewater is 200t/d, the water quality of inlet water is shown in table 1, the water quality of outlet water is subjected to the electroplating pollutant emission standard (GB21900-2008), newly-built enterprises in 2008-8-1 month execute the water pollution emission limit, and the water quality index is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Water quality index of a certain mixed electroplating wastewater
Figure BDA0001479245290000081
By adopting the process, during operation, the start-up operation unit comprises a micro-filter, a superfine grid screen and a regulating water tank in a primary pretreatment module, a rotational flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor of a secondary biochemical module, a mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank and a horizontal flow sedimentation tank of a third physicochemical module, and an active sand filter tank and an active carbon adsorption tank of a fourth-level advanced treatment module. The effluent indexes all meet the design requirements.
Example 2
The designed water amount of certain electroplating mixed wastewater is 100t/d, the water quality of inlet water is shown in table 2, the water quality of outlet water is subject to the advanced control technology limit value of water pollutant discharge in the electroplating pollutant discharge standard (GB21900-2008), and the water quality index is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Water quality index of a certain mixed electroplating wastewater
Figure BDA0001479245290000091
Figure BDA0001479245290000101
By adopting the process, during operation, the start-up operation unit comprises the superfine mesh screen and the regulating water tank in the primary pretreatment module, the high-load expansion biological filter bed of the secondary biochemical module, the mechanical coagulation reaction tank and the radial flow sedimentation tank of the third physicochemical module, the active sand filter tank of the fourth-level advanced treatment module and the flat ceramic membrane. The effluent indexes all meet the design requirements.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a modularization integrated technology suitable for electroplating mixed waste water treatment which characterized in that: the system adopts a modular integrated system suitable for treating the electroplating mixed wastewater, and comprises a primary pretreatment module, a secondary biochemical module, a tertiary materialization module and a four-stage advanced treatment module, wherein the modules automatically select different units to operate according to the operating water quality conditions;
the primary pretreatment module is provided with a micro-filter, a superfine grid screen and a regulating water tank which are arranged in series, the inlet of the micro-filter is connected with an electroplating mixed wastewater inlet, and the outlet of the micro-filter is connected with the inlet of the superfine grid screen; the outlet of the superfine grid screen is connected with the inlet of the regulating water tank; the outlet of the regulating water tank is connected with the inlet of the secondary biochemical module;
the second-stage biochemical module is provided with a rotating flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor and a high-load expanded biological filter bed which are arranged in parallel; the inlet of the rotational flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is connected with the outlet of the primary pretreatment module, and the outlet of the rotational flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is connected with the tertiary physicochemical module; the inlet of the high-load expansion biological filter bed is connected with the outlet of the primary pretreatment module, and the outlet of the high-load expansion biological filter bed is connected with the tertiary materialization module;
the three-stage physicochemical module is provided with a mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, a horizontal flow sedimentation tank, a mechanical coagulation reaction tank and a radial flow sedimentation tank, the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank and the horizontal flow sedimentation tank are connected in series to form a unit, the mechanical coagulation reaction tank and the radial flow sedimentation tank are connected in series to form a unit, and the two units are arranged in series; the inlet of the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank is connected with the outlet of the secondary biochemical module, and the outlet of the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank is connected with the horizontal flow sedimentation tank; the outlet of the horizontal flow sedimentation tank is connected with the inlet of the four-stage advanced treatment module; the inlet of the mechanical coagulation reaction tank is connected with the outlet of the secondary biochemical module, and the outlet of the mechanical coagulation reaction tank is connected with the radial flow sedimentation tank; the outlet of the radial flow sedimentation tank is connected with the inlet of the four-stage advanced treatment module;
the four-stage advanced treatment module is provided with an active sand filter, an active carbon adsorption tank and a flat ceramic membrane module which are arranged in series; the inlet of the active sand filter is connected with the outlet of the three-stage physicochemical module, and the outlet of the active sand filter is connected to the active carbon adsorption tank; an outlet of the activated carbon adsorption tank is connected to the flat ceramic membrane component, and the flat ceramic membrane component is connected to a main outlet of the water treatment system;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, monitoring and analyzing an SS value of the influent electroplating mixed wastewater on line, entering a step two when the SS value is more than 100, and entering a step three if not;
step two, starting and operating a micro-filter, and introducing the electroplating mixed wastewater into the micro-filter to remove suspended matters; the micro-filter has a filter particle size of 5.00mm, the micro-sieve is a superfine mesh sieve, when the designed water amount is less than 100t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the regulating water pool is 18.0-24.0 h, when the designed water amount is less than 100t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the regulating water pool is 12.0-18.0 h, and when the designed water amount is more than 1000t/d, the designed hydraulic retention time of the regulating water pool is 12.0 h;
step three, operating the superfine mesh screen to remove suspended matters;
step four, operating and adjusting the water quantity and the water quality of the water tank;
step five, monitoring, analyzing and adjusting the total value of all monitored heavy metals in the pool on line, entering step six when the total value is greater than 200, and entering step seven if the total value is not greater than 200;
starting the rotary flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor to treat the wastewater; the designed exchange speed of the rotary flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor is 1.0-2.0 m/h, and the designed filter speed of the high-load expanded biological filter bed is 2.5-4.0 m/h;
step seven, starting the high-load expanded biological filter bed reactor to treat the wastewater;
step eight, monitoring and analyzing the SS value of the influent electroplating mixed wastewater on line, entering the step nine when the SS value is more than 100, and entering the step ten if not;
step nine, starting a mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, adding quicklime, sodium hydroxide, polyacrylamide and polyethyleneimine, stirring, and monitoring the pH value of wastewater in the mixed reaction tank on line; stopping adding the medicine when the pH value is 8.5; starting a horizontal flow sedimentation tank, and carrying out sedimentation and sludge discharge on the wastewater; adding quicklime, sodium hydroxide, polyacrylamide and polyethyleneimine into the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, wherein the mass ratio of the quicklime to the sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.01: 0.005: 0.02, the designed retention time of the reaction tank is 20-30 min; a horizontal flow sedimentation tank, wherein the residence time of the reaction tank is designed to be 3 h; adding polyaluminium chloride into a mechanical coagulation reaction tank, wherein the adding concentration of the polyaluminium chloride is 20mg/L, and the designed retention time of the reaction tank is 30 min; the radial flow sedimentation tank has the design retention time of 2.5 h;
starting a mechanical coagulation reaction tank, adding polyaluminium chloride, stirring, starting a radial flow sedimentation tank, and precipitating and discharging sludge from the wastewater;
operating an active sand filter to remove suspended matters in water; the average filtering speed of the active sand filter is designed to be 6 m/h; the activated carbon adsorption tank is designed to have a downward flow velocity of 5-7 m/h; the filtering aperture of the flat ceramic membrane component is designed to be 1 mu m;
step twelve, monitoring the colorimetric value of the inlet of the activated carbon adsorption tank on line, and entering the step thirteen when the colorimetric value is larger than 50;
step thirteen, starting an activated carbon adsorption tank to perform adsorption treatment on the wastewater;
step fourteen, according to the requirement of the SS value of the effluent, when the SS value is required to be less than or equal to 30, the step fifteen is carried out, otherwise, the effluent is directly discharged;
and step fifteen, starting the flat ceramic membrane component and filtering the wastewater.
2. The modular integrated process for electroplating hybrid wastewater treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: electric valves are arranged in front of inlets of the rotary flow expanded vermiculite ion exchange adsorption reactor, the high-load expanded biological filter bed, the mixed flow comprehensive reaction tank, the mechanical coagulation reaction tank, the activated carbon adsorption tank and the flat ceramic membrane component and are opened and closed according to process control operation.
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