CN107901776A - Electric automobile composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method - Google Patents

Electric automobile composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method Download PDF

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CN107901776A
CN107901776A CN201711126798.4A CN201711126798A CN107901776A CN 107901776 A CN107901776 A CN 107901776A CN 201711126798 A CN201711126798 A CN 201711126798A CN 107901776 A CN107901776 A CN 107901776A
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mtd
mrow
moment
fuel cell
power source
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CN107901776B (en
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宋大凤
雷宗坤
曾小华
张峻恺
李广含
黄海瑞
李立鑫
王振伟
崔皓勇
董兵兵
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of electric automobile composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method, step 1, fuel cell controller gathers the fuel battery voltage of initial time and the fuel cell current of initial time when fuel cell is started shooting, and in ensuing each moment collection fuel battery voltage and composite power source voltage；Step 2, the discretization prediction model for establishing composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system determines power of the fuel cell in subsequent time, step 3, further determines that the reference output power of subsequent time storage battery reference output power and subsequent time super capacitor, realizes power dividing；This method is shunted by the optimization to vehicle demand power, compensate for the slow deficiency of fuel cell dynamic response, while reduces composite power source power loss, improves composite power source work efficiency, meets the dynamic property requirement of vehicle, improves the continual mileage of vehicle.

Description

Electric automobile composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel cell electric vehicle technical field, more particularly to a kind of fuel cell with composite power source The composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method of automobile.
Background technology
Pure electric coach is fully loaded with the energy height that quality is big, and operational process consumes, and is limited by battery capacity, pure electric vehicle visitor The continual mileage of car is extremely limited, and deep discharge is inevitable；At the same time, the often transient demand power in starting, climbing Larger, storage battery can be in heavy-current discharge state.The discharge and recharge of electric power storage tank depth and large current density electricity condition can be greatly Cut down the life of storage battery.
To solve the problems, such as this, more rational solution is compound using storage battery, super capacitor, fuel cell at present Energy system, or its combination of two form double source energy composite energy system.Its lasting generating capacity of fuel cell system is strong, still Output power change needs adjustment hydrogen and air supply system and water cycle cooling system in real time, its dynamic response is relatively Slowly；Super capacitor dynamic response characteristic is good, and power density is high, but continuous discharging time is short；Storage battery energy density is higher, continues Discharge time is longer, but power density is relatively low.Three is built into hybrid energy system by coupling, fuel electricity can be given full play to The advantage in pond, storage battery and super capacitor." peak load shifting " effect of super capacitor can effectively avoid the big electricity of storage battery Discharge and recharge problem is flowed, the mean power that fuel cell provides continuation can be to avoid the deep discharge of storage battery.
The core control problem of energy composite energy system is power dividing method, Publication No. CN105480101A, date of publication It is first on April 13rd, 2016, entitled " a kind of power distribution method and device of composite power source electric automobile ", the invention Both state-of-charges first are calculated according to the temperature of storage battery and super capacitor and voltage response, then according to both lotuses Electricity condition power shunting for composite, the invention propose the state-of-charge computational methods of storage battery and super capacitor, still Specific power dividing method is not proposed.Publication No. CN104477045A, date of publication is on April 1st, 2015, entitled " energy efficiency maximizes hybrid vehicle composite power source and method under optimization ", which is based on hybrid vehicle structure Type, although the principle progress power dividing strategy for following composite power source power loss minimum is proposed, since energy source is only multiple Power supply is closed, super capacitor storing electricity is few, the problem of storage battery over-discharge easily occurs.Publication No. CN104972918A, it is public The cloth date is on October 14th, 2015, entitled " fuel cell hybrid tramcar multi power source adaptive energy Management system ", although the invention introduces fuel cell as energy constant source, and by detecting operating condition and dynamical system in real time System state carries out the power real-time adaptive distribution between cell of fuel cell, secondary battery unit and supercapacitive cell, in real time Adaptive tracking control can realize preferable control for super capacitor and storage battery, since fuel cell dynamic response has Hysteresis quality, so control fuel cell has certain limitation in this way.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to overcome prior art fuel battery power loss big, the one-sided over-discharge of storage battery and super Capacitance " peak load shifting " effect plays the problems such as insufficient, proposes a kind of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power point Stream method；
The framework of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method proposed by the present invention mainly includes base In prediction model fuel battery power diverter module and take into account the instantaneous optimal composite power source work(of power loss and electric quantity balancing Rate diverter module.Fuel cell controller based on prediction model can make up the slow deficiency of its dynamic response, based on instantaneously most Wasted power is minimum when the composite power source controller of excellent algorithm can make the composite power source work.
Composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method of the present invention is by following technical side What case was realized：
Electric automobile composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method, it is compound based on a kind of electric automobile Power supply fuel cell hybrid energy system, the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system include cell of fuel cell, super Capacitor cell, secondary battery unit, compose in parallel composite power source, composite power source is in parallel with fuel cell by storage battery and super capacitor Power is provided for vehicle；The composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system further includes fuel cell controller and composite power source control Device processed, fuel cell controller realize the power dividing of fuel cell and composite power source, since the power of composite power source is by electric power storage Pond and super capacitor provide jointly, therefore also need to be realized the power point of storage battery and super capacitor by composite power source controller Stream, this method comprise the following steps that：
Step 1, fuel cell controller gather the fuel battery voltage V of initial time when fuel cell is started shootingfc(0)With The fuel cell current I of initial timefc(0), and in ensuing each moment k, the fuel battery voltage at collection k moment Vfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)；
Step 2, establishes the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system, composite power source fuel The discretization prediction model state-space expression of battery hybrid energy system is as follows：
X (k+1)=Ax (k)+Bu (k)
Y (k)=Cx (k)+Du (k)
Sytem matrix A and control matrix B difference are as follows：
Wherein：
CfcFor fuel cell capacity；
Cbat-scFor composite power source capacity；
tsFor time constant, i.e., the sampling time of used fuel cell controller；
Vdcbusref(k)For k moment bus reference voltages；
Vfcref(k)For k moment fuel cell reference voltages；
Vbat-scref(k)For k moment composite power source reference voltages；
Output matrix C and direct transfer matrix D difference is as follows：
The k moment fuel electricity being calculated by the discretization prediction model of the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system Pond reference current Ifcref(k)With k moment fuel cell reference voltages Vfcref(k)As controlled quentity controlled variable, i.e. the composite power source fuel cell Control quantity space u (k) of the discretization prediction model of hybrid energy system at the k moment includes k moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k)With k moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k)；The discretization of the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system Control quantity space u (k) of the prediction model at the k moment be：
State space x (k) includes the fuel battery voltage V at k momentfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)And The fuel cell reference current I at k-1 moment is calculated at the k-1 momentfcref(k-1)With k-1 moment composite power source reference currents Ibat-scref(k-1), state space x (k+1) is the fuel battery voltage V at k+1 momentfc(k+1), k+1 moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k+1)And the fuel cell reference current I at k moment is calculated at the k momentfcref(k)Referred to k moment composite power source Electric current Ibat-scref(k)；It is in the state space x (k) at k moment：
The state space x (k+1) at k+1 moment is：
Middle quantity space y (k) of the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system at the k moment is wrapped Include k moment fuel battery voltages Vfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)With composite power source fuel cell mixed tensor system The k moment fuel cell reference currents I that the discretization prediction model of system is calculatedfcref(k)Differential dIfcref(k)With the k moment Composite power source reference current Ibat-scref(k)Differential dIbat-scref(k)And the differential dI of k moment bus reference currentsdcbus(k), k Moment bus reference current Ifcref(k)Differential dIdcbus(k)It is fuel cell reference current Ifcref(k)Differential dIfcref(k)With it is multiple Close power source reference electric current Ibat-scref(k)Differential dIbat-scref(k)Sum, i.e. dIdcbus(k)=dIfcref(k)+dIbat-scref(k)；
Middle quantity space y (k) of the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system at the k moment For：
The discretization prediction model of above-mentioned composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is carried out line solver to obtain To the controlled quentity controlled variable at k+1 moment：K+1 moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k+1)With k+1 moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k+1)；
The discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is to roll the process calculated forward, i.e., just The fuel battery voltage V at moment beginningfc(0)With the fuel cell current I of initial timefc(0)In the case of having determined, Ke Yigen Subsequent time fuel cell is obtained according to current time, that is, initial time composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system state space Reference current Ifcref(1)With subsequent time fuel cell reference voltage Vbat-scref(1), further, when which can be by k Carve fuel cell reference current Ifcref(k)Fuel cell reference voltage V is carved with kfcref(k), it is compound according to current time, that is, k moment Power supply fuel cell hybrid energy system state space obtains k+1 moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k+1)With the k+1 moment Fuel cell reference voltage Vbat-scref(k+1)；
Obtain k+1 moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k+1)With k+1 moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k+1)Afterwards, k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers P is thereby determined thatfcref(k+1)Referred to k+1 moment composite power source Output power Pbat-scref(k+1), the fuel cell reference output power P at k+1 momentfcref(k+1)For：
Pfcref(k+1)=Ifcref(k+1)×Vfcref(k+1)
K moment vehicle demand powers P is read from entire car controller(k), vehicle is in the process of moving, it is assumed that when using Between interval in vehicle demand power it is constant, i.e. k+1 moment vehicle demand powers P(k+1)=P(k), this method mesh finally to be reached Be to k+1 moment vehicle demand powers P to pure electric automobile energy composite energy system(k+1)Shunted, above-mentioned composite power source combustion The discretization prediction model of material battery hybrid energy system can calculate the fuel cell output power at k+1 moment, and during k+1 Carve vehicle demand power P(k+1)It is by k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers Pfcref(k+1)Join with k+1 moment composite power source Examine output power Pbat-scref(k+1)It is common to provide, and fuel cell and composite power source are in parallel, i.e. P(k+1)=Pfcref(k+1)+ Pbat-scref(k+1), so the reference power P of k+1 moment composite power sourcesbat-scref(k+1)For：
Pbat-scref(k+1)=P(k+1)-Ifcref(k+1)×Vfcref(k+1), wherein：
P(k+1)=P(k)；
Step 3, determines k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers P in step 2fcref(k+1)It is compound with the k+1 moment Power source reference output power Pbat-scref(k+1), due to k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1)By storage battery There is provided jointly with super capacitor, composite power source is in parallel by storage battery and super capacitor, i.e., k+1 moment composite power source refers to output work Rate Pbat-scref(k+1)=Pbatref(k+1)+Pscref(k+1), therefore also need to further determine that k+1 moment storage battery reference output powers Pbatref(k+1)With the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsscref(k+1)；
Further determine that k+1 moment storage battery reference output powers Pbatref(k+1)It is defeated with the reference of k+1 moment super capacitors Go out power Pscref(k+1)Process it is as follows：
Composite power source controller reads the k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers that fuel cell controller obtains Pbat-scref(k+1), and refer to output work from entire car controller reading super capacitor SOC and storage battery SOC, k+1 moment composite power source Rate Pbat-scref(k+1)Power distribution principle it is specific as follows：
a：If super capacitor SOC is more than 0.8, storage battery SOC is less than 0.2, illustrates super capacitor storing electricity abundance, electric power storage Pond storing electricity deficiency, at this time, k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers are all provided by super capacitor, i.e. the k+1 moment stores Battery reference output power Pbatref(k+1)The reference output power P of=0, k+1 moment super capacitorscref(k+1)= Pbat-scref(k+1)；
b：If super capacitor SOC is less than 0.2, storage battery SOC is more than 0.8, illustrates accumulator electric-quantity abundance, super capacitor electricity Amount deficiency, at this time, k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers are all provided by storage battery, i.e., k+1 moment storage battery is with reference to defeated Go out power Pbatref(k+1)=Pbat-scref(k+1), the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsscref(k+1)=0；
c：If storage battery SOC is more than 0.2, super capacitor SOC is more than 0.2, and at this time, the electricity of storage battery and super capacitor is equal In sufficient state, k+1 moment composite power source demand powers are by storage battery and super capacitor joint offer at this time, by based on wink When optimal algorithm composite power source controller optimization storage battery and super capacitor power distribute so as to fulfill composite power source lose Power is minimum, and process is as follows：
(1) power loss model and instantaneous optimal optimizing function are established：
Composite power source overall power loss：
Wherein：Battery power loses：
Wherein：EbatFor the open terminal voltage of storage battery；
IbatFor the electric current of internal storage battery；
RbatFor the equivalent resistance of internal storage battery；
PbatFor the output power of storage battery；
Super capacitor power loss：
Wherein：EscFor the open terminal voltage of super capacitor；
IscFor the electric current inside super capacitor；
RscFor the equivalent resistance inside super capacitor；
PscFor the external output power of super capacitor；
DC-DC power losses：Wherein：η is DC-DC efficiency
Realize the instantaneous optimal optimizing function of composite power source power loss minimum：
(2) the maximum P of composite power source output power is chosenmax, define PmaxFor composite power source rated power Pm1.25 Times, i.e. Pmax=1.25Pm, in 0 and the maximum P of composite power source output powermaxBetween the equidistant n point that shed, be respectively P1, P2, P3……Pn, i=0 is initialized, wherein, i is as counting variable；
(3) a=0, b=P are initializedi, the boundary values as optimizing；
(4) distribution coefficient X is setaAnd Xb, wherein：
Xa=a+0.382 (b-a)
Xb=a+0.618 (b-a)
And according to the composite power source overall power loss model of foundationCalculate When the power that composite power source distributes to storage battery is respectively Xa、XbWhen, the overall power loss of composite power source
(5) ifThen show that two boundary values differences are sufficiently small, i.e. optimizing boundary values selection is closed Reason, takes Pi_bat=(Xa+Xb)/2 are P as composite power source demand poweriWhen distribute to the performance number of storage battery, i.e., when k+1 is compound Power source reference output power Pbat-scref(k+1)=PiWhen, storage battery output power P under destination layer optimizing output modei_bat=(Xa+ Xb)/2；
IfThe boundary values of optimizing need to be updated, whenWhen, take b=Xb；WhenWhen, take a=Xa, while return to step (4) continues to calculate, until I.e. two A boundary values difference is sufficiently small, takes Pi-bat=(Xa+Xb)/2 are that composite power source demand power is PiWhen distribute to the power of storage battery Value, i.e., as k+1 composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1)When, storage battery output power P under optimizing output modei-bat =(Xa+Xb)/2；
(6) it is P that repeat step 5, which can calculate composite power source demand power,1, P2, P3……PnIn the case of, storage should be distributed to The optimal power P of battery1-bat, P2-bat, P3-bat……Pn-bat, and made two-dimemsional number table；
(7) under optimizing pattern, for different k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1), pass through Travel through the bivariate table or the optimal power P for distributing to storage battery is obtained by interpolation calculationi-bat, i.e. k+1 moment storage battery reference Output power Pbatref(k+1)=Pi_bat, the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsi_sc=Pbat-scref(k+1)-Pi_bat；
d：If storage battery SOC is less than 0.2, when super capacitor SOC is less than 0.2, entire car controller is to fuel cell control at this time Device processed sends power-on command, while composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system stops external output power, while fuel electricity Pond is used to charge to composite power source.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have the beneficial effect that：
1. the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system described in this patent, storage battery and super capacitor are composed in parallel Composite power source, composite power source is in parallel with fuel cell to provide power for vehicle, and in this configuration, fuel battery energy gives full play to The characteristics of its energy density is high, improves the continual mileage of vehicle, and composite power source plays the fast advantage of its dynamic response, meets vehicle Dynamic property requirement；
2. the fuel battery power shunt method of the present invention based on prediction model, by being developed based on prediction model Model prediction unit can obtain fuel cell and compound by gathering electric current and the voltage of fuel cell and composite power source The current state of power supply, the fuel cell reference output power of subsequent time is calculated by current state so that fuel cell The high efficient district to work to greatest extent, on the other hand compensate for the slow deficiency of fuel cell dynamic response；
3. the composite power source power dividing method of the present invention based on instantaneous optimal control algorithm, can greatly be reduced multiple Power loss is closed, improves composite power source work efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 be this method based on electric automobile composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system topological structure signal Figure；
Fig. 2 is the composite power source fuel battery power shunt method schematic diagram based on model prediction；
Fig. 3 is optimizing FB(flow block) of the composite power source in destination layer；
Fig. 4 is emulated for the pure electric vehicle composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system in Typical Cities in China operating mode When the SOC curves that change with operating mode of super capacitor；
Fig. 5 is emulated for the pure electric vehicle composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system in Typical Cities in China operating mode When the SOC curves that change with operating mode of storage battery；
Embodiment
Below by attached drawing, the invention will be further described：
Fig. 1 gives composite power source fuel cell car energy composite energy system topological structure schematic diagram, this kind of energy composite energy System, including cell of fuel cell, supercapacitive cell, secondary battery unit, since storage battery and super capacitor are respectively provided with preferably Dynamic response characteristic, therefore storage battery and super capacitor are composed in parallel into composite power source, composite power source is in parallel with fuel cell Power is provided for vehicle, this kind of storage battery-super capacitor-fuel cell energy composite energy system that this patent proposes is in this patent It is defined as composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system.Composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system further includes fuel cell Controller and composite power source controller, fuel cell controller realize the power dividing of fuel cell and composite power source, due to multiple Close power supply power provided jointly by storage battery and super capacitor, therefore also need to by composite power source controller realize storage battery and The power dividing of super capacitor, while fuel cell controller and the voltage and current signal of composite power source controller and electric power storage The signal of the SOC of pond and super capacitor can be input to entire car controller, realize the coordination control of composite power source and fuel cell.
In this configuration, three kinds of operating modes are proposed, it is compound that pattern, fuel cell is operated alone in respectively fuel cell Power supply combines drive pattern and pattern is operated alone in composite power source.Fuel cell is operated alone fuel cell under pattern and provides vehicle The required energy of form, meanwhile, fuel cell may multi output part energy be used for give composite power source charging, the pattern In charging process, fuel cell can preferentially give super capacitor charging, charge the battery again after super capacitor is fully charged；Fuel electricity Under the composite power source joint drive pattern of pond, fuel cell exports energy jointly with composite power source, meets the dynamic property demand of vehicle. Composite power source is operated alone under pattern, and fuel cell is in off-mode, and composite power source individually exports energy to drive vehicle row Sail.Fuel battery energy gives full play to the characteristics of its energy density is high, improves the continual mileage of vehicle, and composite power source plays its dynamic The characteristics of response characteristic is good, meets power performance demand.
On the basis of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system configuration and operating mode is proposed, its key problem is just It is how to realize the power dividing of composite power source and fuel cell.Since the power of composite power source is total to by storage battery and super capacitor With offer, therefore also need to realize the power dividing of storage battery and super capacitor.
The framework of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method mainly includes being based on model prediction control The fuel battery power diverter module of system and the instantaneous optimal composite power source power dividing mould for taking into account power loss and electric quantity balancing Block.Fuel cell controller based on model prediction algorithm can make up the slow deficiency of its dynamic response；Based on instantaneous optimal calculation The composite power source controller of method can make composite power source be operated in high efficient district.
Fig. 2 gives the composite power source fuel battery power based on prediction model proposed for exploitation fuel cell controller Branching process.
Step 1, fuel cell controller gather the fuel battery voltage V of initial time when fuel cell is started shootingfc(0)With The fuel cell current I of initial timefc(0), and in ensuing each moment k, the fuel battery voltage at collection k moment Vfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)；
Step 2, establishes the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system, composite power source fuel The discretization prediction model state-space expression of battery hybrid energy system is as follows：
X (k+1)=Ax (k)+Bu (k)
Y (k)=Cx (k)+Du (k)
Sytem matrix A and control matrix B difference are as follows：
Wherein：
CfcFor fuel cell capacity；
Cbat-scFor composite power source capacity；
tsFor time constant, i.e., the sampling time of used fuel cell controller；
Vdcbusref(k)For k moment bus reference voltages；
Vfcref(k)For k moment fuel cell reference voltages；
Vbat-scref(k)For k moment composite power source reference voltages；
Output matrix C and direct transfer matrix D difference is as follows：
The k moment fuel electricity being calculated by the discretization prediction model of the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system Pond reference current Ifcref(k)With k moment fuel cell reference voltages Vfcref(k)As controlled quentity controlled variable, i.e. the composite power source fuel cell Control quantity space u (k) of the discretization prediction model of hybrid energy system at the k moment includes k moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k)With k moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k)；The discretization of the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system Control quantity space u (k) of the prediction model at the k moment be：
State space x (k) includes the fuel battery voltage V at k momentfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)And The fuel cell reference current I at k-1 moment is calculated at the k-1 momentfcref(k-1)With k-1 moment composite power source reference currents Ibat-scref(k-1), state space x (k+1) is the fuel battery voltage V at k+1 momentfc(k+1), k+1 moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k+1)And the fuel cell reference current I at k moment is calculated at the k momentfcref(k)Referred to k moment composite power source Electric current Ibat-scref(k)；It is in the state space x (k) at k moment：
The state space x (k+1) at k+1 moment is：
Middle quantity space y (k) of the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system at the k moment is wrapped Include k moment fuel battery voltages Vfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)With composite power source fuel cell mixed tensor system The k moment fuel cell reference currents I that the discretization prediction model of system is calculatedfcref(k)Differential dIfcref(k)With the k moment Composite power source reference current Ibat-scref(k)Differential dIbat-scref(k)And the differential dI of k moment bus reference currentsdcbus(k), k Moment bus reference current Ifcref(k)Differential dIdcbus(k)It is fuel cell reference current Ifcref(k)Differential dIfcref(k)With it is multiple Close power source reference electric current Ibat-scref(k)Differential dIbat-scref(k)Sum, i.e. dIdcbus(k)=dIfcref(k)+dIbat-scref(k)；
Middle quantity space y (k) of the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system at the k moment For：
The discretization prediction model of above-mentioned composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is carried out line solver to obtain To the controlled quentity controlled variable at k+1 moment：K+1 moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k+1)With k+1 moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k+1)；
The discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is to roll the process calculated forward, i.e., just The fuel battery voltage V at moment beginningfc(0)With the fuel cell current I of initial timefc(0)In the case of having determined, Ke Yigen Subsequent time fuel cell is obtained according to current time, that is, initial time composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system state space Reference current Ifcref(1)With subsequent time fuel cell reference voltage Vbat-scref(1), further, when which can be by k Carve fuel cell reference current Ifcref(k)Fuel cell reference voltage V is carved with kfcref(k), it is compound according to current time, that is, k moment Power supply fuel cell hybrid energy system state space obtains k+1 moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k+1)With the k+1 moment Fuel cell reference voltage Vbat-scref(k+1)；
Obtain k+1 and carve fuel cell reference current Ifcref(k+1)With k+1 moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k+1) Afterwards, k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers P is thereby determined thatfcref(k+1)With k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1), the fuel cell reference output power P at k+1 momentfcref(k+1)For：
Pfcref(k+1)=Ifcref(k+1)×Vfcref(k+1)
K moment vehicle demand powers P is read from entire car controller(k), vehicle is in the process of moving, it is assumed that when using Between interval in vehicle demand power it is constant, i.e. k+1 moment vehicle demand powers P(k+1)=P(k), this method mesh finally to be reached Be to k+1 moment vehicle demand powers P to pure electric automobile energy composite energy system(k+1)Shunted, above-mentioned composite power source combustion The discretization prediction model of material battery hybrid energy system can calculate the fuel cell output power at k+1 moment, and during k+1 Carve vehicle demand power P(k+1)It is by k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers Pfcref(k+1)Join with k+1 moment composite power source Examine output power Pbat-scref(k+1)It is common to provide, and fuel cell and composite power source are in parallel, i.e. P(k+1)=Pfcref(k+1)+ Pbat-scref(k+1), so the reference power P of k+1 moment composite power sourcesbat-scref(k+1)For：
Pbat-scref(k+1)=P(k+1)-Ifcref(k+1)×Vfcref(k+1), wherein：
P(k+1)=P(k)；
Step 3, determines k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers P in step 2fcref(k+1)It is compound with the k+1 moment Power source reference output power Pbat-scref(k+1), due to k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1)By storage battery There is provided jointly with super capacitor, composite power source is in parallel by storage battery and super capacitor, i.e., k+1 moment composite power source refers to output work Rate Pbat-scref(k+1)=Pbatref(k+1)+Pscref(k+1), therefore also need to further determine that k+1 moment storage battery reference output powers Pbatref(k+1)With the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsscref(k+1)；
Further determine that k+1 moment storage battery reference output powers Pbatref(k+1)It is defeated with the reference of k+1 moment super capacitors Go out power Pscref(k+1)Process it is as follows：
Composite power source controller reads the k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers that fuel cell controller obtains Pbat-scref(k+1), and refer to output work from entire car controller reading super capacitor SOC and storage battery SOC, k+1 moment composite power source Rate Pbat-scref(k+1)Power distribution principle it is specific as follows：
a：If super capacitor SOC is more than 0.8, storage battery SOC is less than 0.2, illustrates super capacitor storing electricity abundance, electric power storage Pond storing electricity deficiency, at this time, k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers are all provided by super capacitor, i.e. the k+1 moment stores Battery reference output power Pbatref(k+1)The reference output power P of=0, k+1 moment super capacitorscref(k+1)= Pbat-scref(k+1)；
b：If super capacitor SOC is less than 0.2, storage battery SOC is more than 0.8, illustrates accumulator electric-quantity abundance, super capacitor electricity Amount deficiency, at this time, k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers are all provided by storage battery, i.e., k+1 moment storage battery is with reference to defeated Go out power Pbatref(k+1)=Pbat-scref(k+1), the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsscref(k+1)=0；
c：If storage battery SOC is more than 0.2, super capacitor SOC is more than 0.2, and at this time, the electricity of storage battery and super capacitor is equal In sufficient state, k+1 moment composite power source demand powers are by storage battery and super capacitor joint offer at this time, by based on wink When optimal algorithm composite power source controller optimization storage battery and super capacitor power distribute so as to fulfill composite power source lose Power is minimum, as follows refering to optimizing FB(flow block) of the composite power source in destination layer of Fig. 3, process：
(1) power loss model and instantaneous optimal optimizing function are established：
Composite power source overall power loss：
Wherein：Battery power loses：
Wherein：EbatFor the open terminal voltage of storage battery；
IbatFor the electric current of internal storage battery；
RbatFor the equivalent resistance of internal storage battery；
PbatFor the output power of storage battery；
Super capacitor power loss：
Wherein：EscFor the open terminal voltage of super capacitor；
IscFor the electric current inside super capacitor；
RscFor the equivalent resistance inside super capacitor；
PscFor the external output power of super capacitor；
DC-DC power losses：Wherein：η is DC-DC efficiency；
Realize the instantaneous optimal optimizing function of composite power source power loss minimum：
(2) the maximum P of composite power source output power is chosenmax, define PmaxFor composite power source rated power Pm1.25 Times, i.e. Pmax=1.25Pm, in 0 and the maximum P of composite power source output powermaxBetween the equidistant n point that shed, be respectively P1, P2, P3……Pn, i=0 is initialized, wherein, i is as counting variable；
(3) a=0, b=P are initializedi, the boundary values as optimizing；
(4) distribution coefficient X is setaAnd Xb, wherein：
Xa=a+0.382 (b-a)
Xb=a+0.618 (b-a)
And according to the composite power source overall power loss model of foundationCalculate When the power that composite power source distributes to storage battery is respectively Xa、XbWhen, the overall power loss of composite power source
(5) ifThen show that two boundary values differences are sufficiently small, i.e. optimizing boundary values selection is closed Reason, takes Pi_bat=(Xa+Xb)/2 are P as composite power source demand poweriWhen distribute to the performance number of storage battery, i.e., when k+1 is compound Power source reference output power Pbat-scref(k+1)=PiWhen, storage battery output power P under destination layer optimizing output modei_bat=(Xa+ Xb)/2；
IfThe boundary values of optimizing need to be updated, whenWhen, take b=Xb；WhenWhen, take a=Xa, while return to step (4) continues to calculate, until I.e. two A boundary values difference is sufficiently small, takes Pi-bat=(Xa+Xb)/2 are that composite power source demand power is PiWhen distribute to the power of storage battery Value, i.e., as k+1 composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1)When, storage battery output power P under optimizing output modei-bat =(Xa+Xb)/2；
(6) it is P that repeat step 5, which can calculate composite power source demand power,1, P2, P3……PnIn the case of, storage should be distributed to The optimal power P of battery1-bat, P2-bat, P3-bat……Pn-bat, and made two-dimemsional number table；
(7) under optimizing pattern, for different k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1), pass through Travel through the bivariate table or the optimal power P for distributing to storage battery is obtained by interpolation calculationi-bat, i.e. k+1 moment storage battery reference Output power Pbatref(k+1)=Pi_bat, the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsi_sc=Pbat-scref(k+1)-Pi_bat；
d：If storage battery SOC is less than 0.2, when super capacitor SOC is less than 0.2, entire car controller is to fuel cell control at this time Device processed sends power-on command, while composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system stops external output power, and fuel cell is used Charge in composite power source.
The pure electric vehicle composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is emulated in Typical Cities in China operating mode, is schemed 4 and Fig. 5 is respectively the SOC curves that the SOC curves that super capacitor changes with operating mode and storage battery change with operating mode, it can be found that its SOC is fluctuated in the reasonable scope；Battery SOC change is gentle, it is opposite maintain efficiency SOC it is medium in the case of, both work shape State is reasonable, illustrates that the composite power source fuel battery power shunt method that this patent proposes can ensure storage battery and super capacitor The state of SOC is changed in reasonable interval.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of electric automobile composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system power dividing method, based on electric automobile compound electric Source fuel cell hybrid energy system, the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system include cell of fuel cell, super electricity Hold unit, secondary battery unit, storage battery and super capacitor are composed in parallel into composite power source, composite power source is in parallel with fuel cell to be Vehicle provides power；The composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system further includes fuel cell controller and composite power source control Device, fuel cell controller realize the power dividing of fuel cell and composite power source, since the power of composite power source is by storage battery There is provided jointly with super capacitor, therefore also need to be realized the power dividing of storage battery and super capacitor by composite power source controller, It is characterized in that, this method comprises the following steps that：
Step 1, fuel cell controller gather the fuel battery voltage V of initial time when fuel cell is started shootingfc(0)With it is initial The fuel cell current I at momentfc(0), and in ensuing each moment k, the fuel battery voltage V at collection k momentfc(k), k when Carve composite power source voltage Vbat-sc(k)；
Step 2, establishes the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system, composite power source fuel cell The discretization prediction model state-space expression of hybrid energy system is as follows：
X (k+1)=Ax (k)+Bu (k)
Y (k)=Cx (k)+Du (k)
Sytem matrix A and control matrix B difference are as follows：
<mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mi>B</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow>
Wherein：
CfcFor fuel cell capacity；
Cbat-scFor composite power source capacity；
tsFor time constant, i.e., the sampling time of used fuel cell controller；
Vdcbusref(k)For k moment bus reference voltages；
Vfcref(k)For k moment fuel cell reference voltages；
Vbat-scref(k)For k moment composite power source reference voltages；
Output matrix C and direct transfer matrix D difference is as follows：
<mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow>
The k moment fuel cell being calculated by the discretization prediction model of the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is joined Examine electric current Ifcref(k)With k moment fuel cell reference voltages Vfcref(k)As controlled quentity controlled variable, i.e. the composite power source fuel cell mixes Control quantity space u (k) of the discretization prediction model of energy system at the k moment includes k moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k)With k moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k)；The discretization of the composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system Control quantity space u (k) of the prediction model at the k moment be：
<mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow>
State space x (k) includes the fuel battery voltage V at k momentfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)And in k-1 The fuel cell reference current I at k-1 moment is calculated in momentfcref(k-1)With k-1 moment composite power source reference currents Ibat-scref(k-1), state space x (k+1) is the fuel battery voltage V at k+1 momentfc(k+1), k+1 moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k+1)And the fuel cell reference current I at k moment is calculated at the k momentfcref(k)Referred to k moment composite power source Electric current Ibat-scref(k)；It is in the state space x (k) at k moment：
<mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow>
The state space x (k+1) at k+1 moment is：
<mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow>
Middle quantity space y (k) of the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system at the k moment includes k Moment fuel battery voltage Vfc(k), k moment composite power source voltages Vbat-sc(k)With composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system The k moment fuel cell reference currents I that discretization prediction model is calculatedfcref(k)Differential dIfcref(k)It is compound with the k moment Power source reference electric current Ibat-scref(k)Differential dIbat-scref(k)And the differential dI of k moment bus reference currentsdcbus(k), the k moment Bus reference current Ifcref(k)Differential dIdcbus(k)It is fuel cell reference current Ifcref(k)Differential dIfcref(k)And compound electric Source reference electric current Ibat-scref(k)Differential dIbat-scref(k)Sum, i.e. dIdcbus(k)=dIfcref(k)+dIbat-scref(k)；
Middle quantity space y (k) of the discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system at the k moment be：
<mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>dI</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>dI</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>dI</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow>
The discretization prediction model of above-mentioned composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is subjected to line solver and can obtain k+1 The controlled quentity controlled variable at moment：K+1 moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k+1)With k+1 moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k+1)；
The discretization prediction model of composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system is to roll the process calculated forward, i.e., when initial The fuel battery voltage V at quarterfc(0)With the fuel cell current I of initial timefc(0)In the case of having determined, can according to work as Preceding moment, that is, initial time composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system state space obtains the reference of subsequent time fuel cell Electric current Ifcref(1)With subsequent time fuel cell reference voltage Vbat-scref(1), further, which can be fired by the k moment Expect battery reference current Ifcref(k)Fuel cell reference voltage V is carved with kfcref(k), according to current time, that is, k moment composite power sources Fuel cell hybrid energy system state space obtains k+1 moment fuel cell reference currents Ifcref(k+1)With k+1 moment fuel Battery reference voltage Vbat-scref(k+1)；
Obtain k+1 and carve fuel cell reference current Ifcref(k+1)With k+1 moment fuel cell reference voltages Vbat-scref(k+1)Afterwards, by This determines k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers Pfcref(k+1)With k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1), the fuel cell reference output power P at k+1 momentfcref(k+1)For：
Pfcref(k+1)=Ifcref(k+1)×Vfcref(k+1)
K moment vehicle demand powers P is read from entire car controller(k), vehicle is in the process of moving, it is assumed that between using the time It is constant every interior vehicle demand power, i.e. k+1 moment vehicle demand powers P(k+1)=P(k), this method purpose finally to be reached is To pure electric automobile energy composite energy system to k+1 moment vehicle demand powers P(k+1)Shunted, above-mentioned composite power source fuel electricity The discretization prediction model of pond hybrid energy system can calculate the fuel cell output power at k+1 moment, and the k+1 moment is whole Car demand power P(k+1)It is by k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers Pfcref(k+1)With k+1 moment composite power source with reference to defeated Go out power Pbat-scref(k+1)It is common to provide, and fuel cell and composite power source are in parallel, i.e. P(k+1)=Pfcref(k+1)+ Pbat-scref(k+1), so the reference power P of k+1 moment composite power sourcesbat-scref(k+1)For：
Pbat-scref(k+1)=P(k+1)-Ifcref(k+1)×Vfcref(k+1), wherein：
P(k+1)=P(k)；
Step 3, determines k+1 moment fuel cell reference output powers P in step 2fcref(k+1)With k+1 moment composite power sources Reference output power Pbat-scref(k+1), due to k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1)By storage battery and surpass Level capacitance provides jointly, and composite power source is in parallel by storage battery and super capacitor, i.e. k+1 moment composite power sources reference output power Pbat-scref(k+1)=Pbatref(k+1)+Pscref(k+1), therefore also need to further determine that k+1 moment storage battery reference output powers Pbatref(k+1)With the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsscref(k+1)；
Further determine that k+1 moment storage battery reference output powers Pbatref(k+1)With the reference output work of k+1 moment super capacitors Rate Pscref(k+1)Process it is as follows：
Composite power source controller reads the k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers that fuel cell controller obtains Pbat-scref(k+1), and refer to output work from entire car controller reading super capacitor SOC and storage battery SOC, k+1 moment composite power source Rate Pbat-scref(k+1)Power distribution principle it is specific as follows：
a：If super capacitor SOC is more than 0.8, storage battery SOC is less than 0.2, illustrates super capacitor storing electricity abundance, and storage battery is deposited Reserve of electricity deficiency, at this time, k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers are all provided by super capacitor, i.e. k+1 moment storage batteries Reference output power Pbatref(k+1)The reference output power P of=0, k+1 moment super capacitorscref(k+1)=Pbat-scref(k+1)；
b：If super capacitor SOC is less than 0.2, storage battery SOC is more than 0.8, illustrates accumulator electric-quantity abundance, super capacitor electricity is not Foot, at this time, k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers are all provided by storage battery, i.e., k+1 moment storage battery refers to output work Rate Pbatref(k+1)=Pbat-scref(k+1), the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsscref(k+1)=0；
c：If storage battery SOC is more than 0.2, super capacitor SOC is more than 0.2, and at this time, the electricity of storage battery and super capacitor is in Sufficient state, at this time k+1 moment composite power source demand powers provided by storage battery and super capacitor joint, by based on instantaneously most The composite power source controller optimization storage battery of excellent algorithm and the power of super capacitor are distributed so as to fulfill composite power source wasted power Minimum, process are as follows：
(1) power loss model and instantaneous optimal optimizing function are established：
Composite power source overall power loss：
Wherein：Battery power loses：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow>
Wherein：EbatFor the open terminal voltage of storage battery；
IbatFor the electric current of internal storage battery；
RbatFor the equivalent resistance of internal storage battery；
PbatFor the output power of storage battery；
Super capacitor power loss：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow>
Wherein：EscFor the open terminal voltage of super capacitor；
IscFor the electric current inside super capacitor；
RscFor the equivalent resistance inside super capacitor；
PscFor the external output power of super capacitor；
DC-DC power losses：Wherein：η is DC-DC efficiency；Realize composite power source power loss Minimum instantaneous optimal optimizing function：
(2) the maximum P of composite power source output power is chosenmax, define PmaxFor composite power source rated power Pm1.25 times, i.e., Pmax=1.25Pm, in 0 and the maximum P of composite power source output powermaxBetween the equidistant n point that shed, be respectively P1, P2, P3……Pn, i=0 is initialized, wherein, i is as counting variable；
(3) a=0, b=P are initializedi, the boundary values as optimizing；
(4) distribution coefficient X is setaAnd Xb, wherein：
Xa=a+0.382 (b-a)
Xb=a+0.618 (b-a)
And according to the composite power source overall power loss model of foundationCalculate when multiple It is respectively X that power distribution, which is closed, to the power of storage batterya、XbWhen, the overall power loss of composite power source
(5) ifThen show that two boundary values differences are sufficiently small, i.e. optimizing boundary values selection is reasonable, takes Pi_bat=(Xa+Xb)/2 are P as composite power source demand poweriWhen distribute to the performance number of storage battery, i.e., when k+1 composite power sources Reference output power Pbat-scref(k+1)=PiWhen, storage battery output power P under destination layer optimizing output modei_bat=(Xa+Xb)/ 2；
IfThe boundary values of optimizing need to be updated, whenWhen, take b=Xb；WhenWhen, take a=Xa, while return to step (4) continues to calculate, until I.e. two A boundary values difference is sufficiently small, takes Pi-bat=(Xa+Xb)/2 are that composite power source demand power is PiWhen distribute to the power of storage battery Value, i.e., as k+1 composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1)When, storage battery output power P under optimizing output modei-bat =(Xa+Xb)/2；
(6) it is P that repeat step 5, which can calculate composite power source demand power,1, P2, P3……PnIn the case of, storage battery should be distributed to Optimal power P1-bat, P2-bat, P3-bat……Pn-bat, and made two-dimemsional number table；
(7) under optimizing pattern, for different k+1 moment composite power source reference output powers Pbat-scref(k+1), pass through traversal The bivariate table obtains the optimal power P for distributing to storage battery by interpolation calculationi-bat, i.e., k+1 moment storage battery is with reference to output Power Pbatref(k+1)=Pi_bat, the reference output power P of k+1 moment super capacitorsi_sc=Pbat-scref(k+1)-Pi_bat；
d：If storage battery SOC is less than 0.2, when super capacitor SOC is less than 0.2, entire car controller is to fuel cell controller at this time Power-on command is sent, while composite power source fuel cell hybrid energy system stops external output power, fuel cell is used to give Composite power source charges.
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