CN107894182A - A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger - Google Patents
A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107894182A CN107894182A CN201711239263.8A CN201711239263A CN107894182A CN 107894182 A CN107894182 A CN 107894182A CN 201711239263 A CN201711239263 A CN 201711239263A CN 107894182 A CN107894182 A CN 107894182A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- perforated plate
- carborundum
- bore
- exchanger tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2230/00—Sealing means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger, including an overcoat, including upper cover, intermediate sleeve and the low head being from top to bottom sequentially connected；One coordinates the graphite liner for being collectively forming heat exchanger channels with overcoat, including the lower perforated plate between the upper perforated plate, low head and intermediate sleeve that are arranged between upper cover and intermediate sleeve, the carborundum heat exchanger tube being disposed in parallel between upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate, and connected between carborundum heat exchanger tube and upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate using static seal.The advantage of the invention is that：By using carborundum heat exchanger tube, the stable chemical performance possessed using carborundum, thermal conductivity factor are high, the characteristic that thermal coefficient of expansion is small, anti-wear performance is good so that heat exchanger tube possesses good high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, is exchanged heat suitable for high temperature, high-pressure medium.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat exchanger, more particularly to a kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger.
Background technology
Graphite heat exchanger has excellent corrosion resistance and heat transfer property, is used in the diabatic process of Korrosionsmedium, more
The superiority of graphite equipment can be played.In order to save stainless steel and valuable nonferrous materials, graphite heat exchanger is widely used
In Korrosionsmediums such as processing hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and phosphoric acid.
Tube-type graphite heat exchanger is simple in construction, and graphite material utilization rate is high, the equipment that can be made into larger heat transfer area, single
Position heat exchange area cost is less than other structures form.
For example, just refer to tube-type graphite heat exchanger in patent CN104180688A, the interior graphite tube is by upper tube
Plate, heat exchanger tube and lower perforated plate are from top to bottom connected in sequence, and the heat exchanger tube is disposed in parallel between upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate,
Its both ends is separately fixed in upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate；The bottom of the upper perforated plate is enclosed in outer steel sleeve with lower perforated plate,
And it is connected with upper cover and upper cover plate above upper perforated plate in turn, it is connected with low head and lower cover below lower perforated plate in turn；
Installation one is used for the lower supporting mechanism for supporting interior graphite tube, the upper cover plate and outer steel between the outer steel sleeve bottom and lower cover
Installation one is used to make the upper relocation mechanism that outer steel sleeve freely stretches between set upper side.The advantage of the invention is that：The heat exchanger knot
Structure is simple, is easy to safeguard, improves good effect of heat exchange, enhances the service life of equipment.
And it is current, staff has found during use, and during use, its heat exchanger tube makes above-mentioned heat exchanger tube
Common heat exchanger tube, do not have the characteristic of high temperature resistant inner high voltage, therefore, for some high temperature, high pressure medium not
It can be applicable.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of carborundum graphite tubulation heat exchange with high-temperature-resistant high-pressure-resistant
Device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger, it is innovated
Point is：Including
One overcoat, including upper cover, intermediate sleeve and the low head being from top to bottom sequentially connected；
One coordinates the graphite liner for being collectively forming heat exchanger channels with overcoat, including is arranged on upper between upper cover and intermediate sleeve
Lower perforated plate between tube sheet, low head and intermediate sleeve, the carborundum heat exchanger tube being disposed in parallel between upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate,
And connected between carborundum heat exchanger tube and upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate using static seal.
Connection between the carborundum heat exchanger tube and upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate is：Appearance is respectively provided with upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate
The mounting hole of carborundum heat exchanger tube installation, the side at the both ends of carborundum heat exchanger tube be set with successively from inside to outside fluorine glue gasket,
Tetrafluoro inner sleeve, external fiber tube, the fluorine glue gasket, tetrafluoro inner sleeve, which are respectively provided with, holds the through hole that carborundum heat exchanger tube passes through, tetrafluoro
Inner sleeve is a circular ring, and fluorine glue gasket is a T-shaped structure collectively formed by spacing section with being embedded in section, and its spacing section
The side wall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve is bonded, embedded section is embedded in tetrafluoro inner sleeve, has in the side of external fiber tube and hold carborundum heat exchanger tube
The groove of side insertion, opposite side have the through hole of an appearance flow of media being connected with the groove, on the external fiber tube is embedded in
In mounting hole on tube sheet or lower perforated plate.
Further, the bore of the inwall of the fluorine glue gasket is consistent with the bore of silicon carbide heat exchanger outer wall, and it is embedded in
Section is in round table-like, and the bore of the outer wall of the small one end of bore is consistent with the bore of the inwall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve, bore greatly one
The bore of the outer wall at end is more than the bore of the bore of the inwall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve and the outer wall less than tetrafluoro inner sleeve.
The advantage of the invention is that：In the present invention, by using carborundum heat exchanger tube, the chemistry possessed using carborundum
Stable performance, thermal conductivity factor are high, the characteristic that thermal coefficient of expansion is small, anti-wear performance is good so that heat exchanger tube possesses good resistance to height
It is warm, high pressure resistant, exchanged heat suitable for high temperature, high-pressure medium；And in order to coordinate this special heat exchanger tube, abandoning tradition
The mode of mechanical connection, using the connected mode of static seal so that process, be easy to assembly.
For the connection between carborundum heat exchanger tube and upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate, using fluorine glue gasket, tetrafluoro inner sleeve, outer
Heat exchanger tube, is directly sleeved in external fiber tube by the cooperation between fiber tube three, and is formed by fluorine glue gasket and tetrafluoro inner sleeve
Sealing so that between heat exchanger tube and upper and lower tube sheet and need not use any mechanical connection manner that connection can be achieved, very
It is convenient.
By the bore to fluorine glue gasket, the elasticity having in itself using fluorine glue gasket, tetrafluoro inner sleeve is fixed on carbon
The outer wall of SiClx heat exchanger tube, avoid occurring the phenomenon loosened during use, and ensure sealing effectiveness.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the connection diagram of carborundum heat exchanger tube and upper perforated plate or lower perforated plate in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of fluorine glue gasket in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of tetrafluoro inner sleeve in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of external fiber tube in the present invention.
Embodiment
The following examples can make professional and technical personnel that the present invention be more fully understood, but therefore not send out this
It is bright to be limited among described scope of embodiments.
A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger as Figure 1-Figure 5, including
One overcoat, including upper cover 1, intermediate sleeve 2 and the low head 3 being from top to bottom sequentially connected, have one on upper cover 1
Material inlet, has a material outlet on low head 3, and intermediate sleeve diagonally has one to follow in both sides respectively about 2
Ring water inlet, a circulating water outlet.
One coordinates with overcoat and is collectively forming the graphite liners of heat exchanger channels, including be arranged on upper cover 1 and intermediate sleeve 2 it
Between upper perforated plate 4, the lower perforated plate 5 between low head 3 and intermediate sleeve 2, be disposed in parallel between upper perforated plate 4 and lower perforated plate 5
Carborundum heat exchanger tube 6, and connected between carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 and upper perforated plate 4, lower perforated plate 5 using static seal.
Schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2 understands that the connection between carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 and upper perforated plate 4, lower perforated plate 5 is：Upper
Be respectively provided with the mounting hole 7 for holding the installation of carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 on tube sheet 4, lower perforated plate 5, the side at the both ends of carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 by
It is set with fluorine glue gasket 8, tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9, external fiber tube 10 successively from inside to outside, fluorine glue gasket 8, tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9 are respectively provided with appearance
The through hole that carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 passes through, tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9 are a circular ring, as shown in figure 4, fluorine glue gasket 8 is one by limiting
The T-shaped structure that position section collectively forms with embedded section, as shown in figure 3, and its spacing section fitting tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9 side wall, it is embedded
In the embedded tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9 of section, there is the groove for holding the side insertion of carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 in the side of external fiber tube 10, such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show, opposite side has the through hole of an appearance flow of media being connected with the groove, and external fiber tube 10 is embedded in upper perforated plate 4 or lower perforated plate 5
On mounting hole 7 in.For the connection between carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 and upper perforated plate 4, lower perforated plate 5, using fluorine glue gasket 8, tetrafluoro
Cooperation between inner sleeve 9, the three of external fiber tube 10, directly carborundum heat exchanger tube 6 is sleeved in external fiber tube 10, and passes through fluorine glue
Pad 8 is formed with tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9 and sealed, then external fiber tube 10 is embedded in upper perforated plate 4 or lower perforated plate 5 so that carborundum exchanges heat
Between pipe 6 and upper perforated plate 4, lower perforated plate 5 and it need not use any mechanical connection manner that connection can be achieved, it is very convenient.
The bore of the inwall of fluorine glue gasket 8 is consistent with the bore of the outer wall of silicon carbide heat exchanger 6, and it is embedded in section in round table-like,
And the bore of the outer wall of the small one end of bore is consistent with the bore of the inwall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9, the outer wall of the big one end of bore
Bore is more than the bore of the bore of the inwall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9 and the outer wall less than tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9.By to fluorine glue gasket 8
Bore, the elasticity having in itself using fluorine glue gasket 8, tetrafluoro inner sleeve 9 is fixed on to the outer wall of carborundum heat exchanger tube 6, kept away
Exempt from occur the phenomenon loosened during use, and ensure sealing effectiveness.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, above-described embodiment and explanation
Merely illustrating the principles of the invention described in book, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also have
Various changes and modifications, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention
By appended claims and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger, it is characterised in that：IncludingOne overcoat, including upper cover, intermediate sleeve and the low head being from top to bottom sequentially connected；One coordinates the graphite liner for being collectively forming heat exchanger channels with overcoat, including is arranged on upper between upper cover and intermediate sleeve Lower perforated plate between tube sheet, low head and intermediate sleeve, the carborundum heat exchanger tube being disposed in parallel between upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate, And connected between carborundum heat exchanger tube and upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate using static seal.
- 2. carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The carborundum heat exchanger tube with it is upper Connection between tube sheet, lower perforated plate is：The mounting hole for holding the installation of carborundum heat exchanger tube, carbon are respectively provided with upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate The side at the both ends of SiClx heat exchanger tube is set with fluorine glue gasket, tetrafluoro inner sleeve, external fiber tube, the fluorine rubber cushion successively from inside to outside Piece, tetrafluoro inner sleeve, which are respectively provided with, holds the through hole that passes through of carborundum heat exchanger tube, and tetrafluoro inner sleeve is a circular ring, fluorine glue gasket For one by the spacing section of T-shaped structure collectively formed with embedded section, and the side wall of its spacing section fitting tetrafluoro inner sleeve, embedded section are embedding Enter in tetrafluoro inner sleeve, there is the groove for holding the insertion of carborundum heat exchanger tube side in the side of external fiber tube, opposite side have one with The through hole for the appearance flow of media that the groove is connected, the external fiber tube are embedded in the mounting hole on upper perforated plate or lower perforated plate.
- 3. carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The inwall of the fluorine glue gasket Bore is consistent with the bore of silicon carbide heat exchanger outer wall, and it is embedded in section in round table-like, and the bore of the outer wall of the small one end of bore Consistent with the bore of the inwall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve, the bore of the outer wall of the big one end of bore is more than the mouth of the inwall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve Footpath and the bore for being less than the outer wall of tetrafluoro inner sleeve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711239263.8A CN107894182A (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711239263.8A CN107894182A (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107894182A true CN107894182A (en) | 2018-04-10 |
Family
ID=61807061
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711239263.8A Pending CN107894182A (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107894182A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108869926A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-11-23 | 无锡英罗唯森科技有限公司 | A kind of heat exchanger tube jointing and silicon carbide heat exchanger tube |
| CN112414177A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-02-26 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Tubular heat exchange device, heat exchange method and application |
| CN118129511A (en) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-06-04 | 江苏赛理德新材料科技有限公司 | Silicon carbide preheater, assembly press for production and use method thereof |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2536423A1 (en) * | 1975-08-16 | 1977-02-24 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Cast resin seals for heat exchanger tube joints - comprising PVC or epoxy seals about each tube end |
| DE4319481C1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-09-08 | Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh | Connection of heat exchange (transfer) tubes, consisting of fluoroplastic, of a heat exchanger to a tube plate (sheet) |
| CN103968704A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-08-06 | 张家港市科华化工装备制造有限公司 | Heat exchanger capable of improving installation sealing performance of heat tubes |
| CN104180688A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 南通星球石墨设备有限公司 | Tube nest type graphite heat exchanger |
| CN105547018A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-05-04 | 徐鹏飞 | Double-tube-plate heat exchanger |
| CN205980874U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 济南擎雷换热科技有限公司 | Carborundum shell and tube heat exchanger |
| CN207741624U (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-08-17 | 南通星球石墨设备有限公司 | A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger |
-
2017
- 2017-11-30 CN CN201711239263.8A patent/CN107894182A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2536423A1 (en) * | 1975-08-16 | 1977-02-24 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Cast resin seals for heat exchanger tube joints - comprising PVC or epoxy seals about each tube end |
| DE4319481C1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-09-08 | Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh | Connection of heat exchange (transfer) tubes, consisting of fluoroplastic, of a heat exchanger to a tube plate (sheet) |
| CN103968704A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-08-06 | 张家港市科华化工装备制造有限公司 | Heat exchanger capable of improving installation sealing performance of heat tubes |
| CN104180688A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 南通星球石墨设备有限公司 | Tube nest type graphite heat exchanger |
| CN105547018A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-05-04 | 徐鹏飞 | Double-tube-plate heat exchanger |
| CN205980874U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 济南擎雷换热科技有限公司 | Carborundum shell and tube heat exchanger |
| CN207741624U (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-08-17 | 南通星球石墨设备有限公司 | A kind of carborundum graphite tubular heat exchanger |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108869926A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-11-23 | 无锡英罗唯森科技有限公司 | A kind of heat exchanger tube jointing and silicon carbide heat exchanger tube |
| CN112414177A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-02-26 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Tubular heat exchange device, heat exchange method and application |
| CN118129511A (en) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-06-04 | 江苏赛理德新材料科技有限公司 | Silicon carbide preheater, assembly press for production and use method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180410 |