CN107890874B - A kind of coal based solid acid catalyst of catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of coal based solid acid catalyst of catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
- B01J31/0225—Sulfur-containing compounds comprising sulfonic acid groups or the corresponding salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/084—Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/49—Esterification or transesterification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses coal based solid acid catalysts of a kind of catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil and preparation method thereof to cross 200 meshes for quasi- eastern coal grinding, then dry by first step drying, low-temperature carbonization, sulfonation, flushing, second step, obtains coal based solid acid catalyst;Low-temperature carbonization carries out in protective atmosphere, and the temperature of low-temperature carbonization is 300-400 DEG C, carbonization time 1.8-2.2h;In sulfonation process, every gram of carbide is equipped with the concentrated sulfuric acid that 19-25ml mass fraction is greater than 98%.For the catalyst in catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil, rate of catalysis reaction with higher greatly improves the conversion ratio of raw material, improves the yield of biodiesel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalyst preparation technologies, and in particular to a kind of coal based solid acid catalysis of catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil
Agent and preparation method thereof.
Technical background
Biodiesel mainly with vegetable fat, animal tallow, waste edible oil from catering trade etc. for raw material, hand over by hot cracked, ester
The fatty acid alkyl class ester obtained such as change, it is close with the dynamics viscosity, boiling range, condensation point of petrifaction diesel etc., be it is a kind of it is nontoxic, can
The few renewable energy of biodegrade, burning pollutant.Biodiesel technology is greatly developed, for environmental improvement, economic development,
Even energy security, there is important strategic importance.Currently, the ester exchange reaction of the base catalysis such as NaOH, KOH is biodiesel system
Standby common method.But ester-interchange method preparing biological diesel oil requirement feedstock oil is anhydrous and acid value is necessarily less than 1mgKOH/g, if
Common grease dining in raw material is drunk into the cheap acidification oil substitution such as industry waste oil, biodiesel totle drilling cost can be substantially reduced.
Relative to base catalysis method, acid catalysis technique is not influenced by free fatty acids content in feedstock oil, is more suitable for waste cooking oils
Rouge is that raw material prepares biodiesel process.The concentrated sulfuric acid is widely used liquid phase acid in industrial application, but exists and separate with product
Difficult, equipment corrodes the problems such as strong and waste liquor contamination environment.The introducing of solid acid catalyst successfully solves the above problem, when
The more solid acid catalyst of preceding research mainly has heteropoly acid, inorganic acid salt, cation exchange resin, zeolite molecular sieve etc., but
Obvious deficiency is exposed in use.Heteropoly acid research in recent years is more, but focuses primarily upon lower level aliphatic ester and its spread out
In the preparation of biology, obvious loss of active component and higher catalyst preparation cost are the main bottles of such catalyst
Neck.Inorganic acid salt in use, repeat performance is not good enough, and can be partially dissolved in methanol isopolarity solvent as catalyst
In, cause inorganic acid salt not recycle completely, not only increases catalysis reaction cost, but also the inorganic acid salt dissolved influences biological bavin
The quality of oil.When ion exchange resin is as catalyst carrier, although biodiesel yield is higher, active sites are easy to fall off,
Repeat performance is poor.Zeolite molecular sieve catalysis reaction rate is lower, mainly by zeolite pore, the lesser restriction of acidity.Though
It so can improve reaction rate by increasing aperture and acidity, but increase catalyst preparation cost.
With-SO3H is that the carbon-based solid acid of active sites realizes carbon based material to the immobilized of the liquid such as sulfuric acid acid, is not only catalyzed
Performance is strong, thermal stability is good, and high recycling rate, environmental-friendly, while raw material selection is extensive, preparation process is simple.Charcoal
Based solid acid further enhances the reproducibility and acid active sites of catalyst carrier on the basis of feedstock oil is reproducible
Recycling is greatly facilitated the greenization production of biodiesel, is the hot spot of Recent study.And coal is mainly had by carbon containing
Machine compound is constituted, and in addition to for combustion power generation, heat supply and gasification, liquefaction, is had as solid acid carrier for catalyst
The potential quality of research and development.Carbon-based solid acid catalyst is prepared by modified, carbonization, sulfonation using coal although having at present, is used for
The report of catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil is less, and catalytic reaction activity is relatively low, and the yield of biodiesel is lower.
In conclusion existing biodiesel yield when solid acid catalyst catalyzed production biodiesel in the prior art
Lower, catalyst is difficult to the problem that recycling, rate of catalysis reaction are lower completely, still shortage effective solution scheme.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of catalysis preparation biologies
Coal based solid acid catalyst of diesel oil and preparation method thereof.The catalyst is with higher to urge in catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil
Change reaction rate, greatly improves the conversion ratio of raw material, improve the yield of biodiesel.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of the coal based solid acid catalyst of catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil, includes the following steps:
By quasi- eastern coal grinding, 200 meshes are crossed, it is then dry by first step drying, low-temperature carbonization, sulfonation, flushing, second step
It is dry, obtain coal based solid acid catalyst;Low-temperature carbonization carries out in protective atmosphere, and the temperature of low-temperature carbonization is 300-400 DEG C, carbon
The change time is 1.8-2.2h;In sulfonation process, every gram of carbide is equipped with the concentrated sulfuric acid that 19-25ml mass fraction is greater than 98%, sulphur
Changing temperature is 90-150 DEG C, sulfonation time 3.5-4.5h.
Eastern Junggar coalfield is to be located at self-contained coalfield at Xinjiang current maximum one, and ash content is low, nitrogen sulfur content is low, and calorific value is high, coal
Matter is preferable.It is directed at eastern coal and carries out structural analysis discovery, the aromatic rings of condensation is linked by minibridge key, and what is be connected with aromatic rings is main
It is oxygen-containing functional group and alkyl side chain, is ideal solid acid carrier.
Preferably, the dry temperature of the first step is 100-110 DEG C, preferably 105 DEG C.
Preferably, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere.
Preferably, the temperature of the low-temperature carbonization is 350 DEG C, and the time of low-temperature carbonization is 2h.
Preferably, in sulfonation process, every gram of carbide is equipped with the concentrated sulfuric acid that 20ml mass fraction is greater than 98%.
Preferably, sulfonation temperature is 90 DEG C, sulfonation time 4h.
Preferably, the flushing is that use temperature be 80-100 DEG C of deionized water repeated flushing to neutrality, and there is no
SO4 2-Ion detection.
It is further preferred that the temperature for the deionized water rinsed is 80-90 DEG C.
Preferably, the dry temperature of second step is 100-110 DEG C, and the dry time is 4-6h.
The coal based solid acid catalyst for the catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil that above-mentioned preparation method is prepared.
Application of the above-mentioned coal based solid acid catalyst in catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil.
Using the method for above-mentioned coal based solid acid catalyst catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil, include the following steps:
Esterification occurs under the catalytic action of above-mentioned coal based solid acid catalyst for methanol and oleic acid mixture, methanol and
The molar ratio of oleic acid is 8:1-12:1, and the addition quality of the coal based solid acid catalyst is the 8-12% of oleic acid quality;Esterification
The temperature of reaction is 60-70 DEG C, and the time of esterification is 3-5h.
Preferably, the molar ratio of methanol and oleic acid is 10:1, and the addition quality of the coal based solid acid catalyst is oleic acid
The 10% of quality, the temperature of esterification are 64 DEG C, and the time of esterification is 4h.
Preferably, the recovery method of the coal based solid acid catalyst includes the following steps: after reaction, to pass through pumping
The separation of catalyst and esterification products is realized in filter, and gained esterification products are used for next step esterifying efficiency by methanol and moisture evaporation
Measurement, gained catalyst three times, is used for esterification next time by ethanol washing after 105 DEG C of dry 4h.
Advantageous effects of the invention are as follows:
In catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil, rate of catalysis reaction with higher mentions catalyst prepared by the present invention significantly
The conversion ratio of high raw material improves the yield of biodiesel.
Preparation method of the invention is simple, is pre-processed without being directed at eastern coal, and carbonization and sulfonation procedure are also relatively simple.Only
Control reaction condition, so that it may the coal based solid acid for catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil with superperformance be prepared
Catalyst.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
Embodiment 1
Quasi- eastern coal grinding is sized to 200 mesh and is placed in drying for standby at 105 DEG C of air dry oven;By dried coal dust
It is put into carbide furnace, be carbonized at 300 DEG C 2h in a nitrogen atmosphere;Then it takes 2.5g carbonized samples to mix with the 50ml concentrated sulfuric acid, fills
Into being placed in 135 DEG C of progress sulfonation 4h in air dry oven in 100ml polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) autoclave;By the mixing after sulfonation
Object is cooled to room temperature, filtering, with the deionized water repeated flushing higher than 80 DEG C to there is no SO4 2-Ion detection;Filter cake is placed in
5h is dried at 105 DEG C of drying box to constant weight, obtains coal based solid acid catalyst, measuring sour density is 1.04mmol/g.
In normal pressure water-bath esterifier, 20g oleic acid and 22.69g methanol are added according to molar ratio of alcohol to acid 10:1, then
2g (accounting for oleic acid quality 10%) coal based solid acid catalyst is added in reaction system, at 64 DEG C of reaction temperature, is condensed back to
After stream reaction 4h, decompression, which filters, isolates solid catalyst, and rotary evaporation removes unreacted methanol and generation in esterification products
Water, pass through GB 5009.229-2016 " measurement of acid value in national food safety standard food " measurement reaction front and back oleic acid
It is 96.67% that acid value variation, which calculates catalytic efficiency,.
Embodiment 2
Quasi- eastern coal grinding is sized to 200 mesh and is placed in drying for standby at 105 DEG C of air dry oven;By dried coal dust
It is put into carbide furnace, be carbonized at 350 DEG C 2h in a nitrogen atmosphere;Then it takes 2.5g carbonized samples to mix with the 50ml concentrated sulfuric acid, fills
Into being placed in 90 DEG C of progress sulfonation 4h in air dry oven in 100ml polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) autoclave;By the mixing after sulfonation
Object is cooled to room temperature, filtering, with the deionized water repeated flushing higher than 80 DEG C to there is no SO4 2-Ion detection;Filter cake is placed in
5h is dried at 105 DEG C of drying box to constant weight, obtains coal based solid acid catalyst, measuring sour density is 1.14mmol/g.
In normal pressure water-bath esterifier, 20g oleic acid and 22.72g methanol are added according to molar ratio of alcohol to acid 10:1, then
2g (accounting for oleic acid quality 10%) coal based solid acid catalyst is added in reaction system, at 64 DEG C of reaction temperature, is condensed back to
After stream reaction 4h, decompression, which filters, isolates solid catalyst, and rotary evaporation removes unreacted methanol and generation in esterification products
Water, pass through GB 5009.229-2016 " measurement of acid value in national food safety standard food " measurement reaction front and back oleic acid
It is 97.80% that acid value variation, which calculates catalytic efficiency,.
Embodiment 3
Quasi- eastern coal grinding is sized to 200 mesh and is placed in drying for standby at 105 DEG C of air dry oven;By dried coal dust
It is put into carbide furnace, be carbonized at 400 DEG C 2h in a nitrogen atmosphere;Then it takes 2.5g carbonized samples to mix with the 50ml concentrated sulfuric acid, fills
Into being placed in 135 DEG C of progress sulfonation 4h in air dry oven in 100ml polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) autoclave;By the mixing after sulfonation
Object is cooled to room temperature, filtering, with the deionized water repeated flushing higher than 80 DEG C to there is no SO4 2-Ion detection;Filter cake is placed in
5h is dried at 105 DEG C of drying box to constant weight, obtains coal based solid acid catalyst, measuring sour density is 0.88mmol/g.
In normal pressure water-bath esterifier, 20g oleic acid and 22.67g methanol are added according to molar ratio of alcohol to acid 10:1, then
2g (accounting for oleic acid quality 10%) coal based solid acid catalyst is added in reaction system, at 64 DEG C of reaction temperature, is condensed back to
After stream reaction 4h, decompression, which filters, isolates solid catalyst, and rotary evaporation removes unreacted methanol and generation in esterification products
Water, pass through GB 5009.229-2016 " measurement of acid value in national food safety standard food " measurement reaction front and back oleic acid
It is 95.51% that acid value variation, which calculates catalytic efficiency,.
Embodiment 4
Quasi- eastern coal grinding is sized to 200 mesh and is placed on drying for standby at 105 DEG C of air dry oven;By dried coal
Powder is put into carbide furnace, and be carbonized at 350 DEG C 2h in a nitrogen atmosphere;Then 2.5g carbonized samples is taken to mix with the 50ml concentrated sulfuric acid,
It puts into 100ml polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) autoclave and is placed in 150 DEG C of progress sulfonation 4h in air dry oven;It will be mixed after sulfonation
It closes object to be cooled to room temperature, filter, with the deionized water repeated flushing higher than 80 DEG C to there is no SO4 2-Ion detection;Filter cake is set
5h is dried at 105 DEG C of drying box to constant weight, obtains coal based solid acid catalyst, measuring sour density is 1.13mmol/g.
In normal pressure water-bath esterifier, 20g oleic acid and 22.68g methanol are added according to molar ratio of alcohol to acid 10:1, then
2g (accounting for oleic acid quality 10%) coal based solid acid catalyst is added in reaction system, at 64 DEG C of reaction temperature, is condensed back to
After stream reaction 4h, decompression, which filters, isolates solid catalyst, and rotary evaporation removes unreacted methanol and generation in esterification products
Water, pass through GB 5009.229-2016 " measurement of acid value in national food safety standard food " measurement reaction front and back oleic acid
It is 97.27% that acid value variation, which calculates catalytic efficiency,.
Comparative example 1
In normal pressure water-bath esterifier, 20g oleic acid and 22.69g methanol are added according to molar ratio of alcohol to acid 10:1, then
2g (accounting for oleic acid quality 10%) is commercially added in reaction system with Amberlyst-15 catalyst, at 64 DEG C of reaction temperature
Under, after being condensed back reaction 4h, decompression, which filters, isolates solid catalyst, and rotary evaporation removes unreacted first in esterification products
The water of pure and mild generation, before GB 5009.229-2016 " measurement of acid value in national food safety standard food " measurement reaction
It is only 64.25% that the acid value variation of oleic acid, which calculates catalytic efficiency, afterwards.
Comparative example 2
With the difference of embodiment 2 are as follows: carburizing temperature is 450 DEG C, and other parameters are constant, pass through GB 5009.229-2016
The acid value variation of " measurement of acid value in national food safety standard food " measurement reaction front and back oleic acid calculates catalytic efficiency only
It is 93.0%.
Comparative example 3
With the difference of embodiment 2 are as follows: carburizing temperature is 550 DEG C, and other parameters are constant, pass through GB 5009.229-2016
The acid value variation of " measurement of acid value in national food safety standard food " measurement reaction front and back oleic acid calculates catalytic efficiency only
It is 44.6%.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of the coal based solid acid catalyst of catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil, it is characterised in that: including walking as follows
It is rapid:
By quasi- eastern coal grinding, 200 meshes are crossed, it is then dry by first step drying, low-temperature carbonization, sulfonation, flushing, second step,
Obtain coal based solid acid catalyst;Low-temperature carbonization carries out in protective atmosphere, and the temperature of low-temperature carbonization is 300-400 DEG C, carbonization
Time is 1.8-2.2h;In sulfonation process, every gram of carbide is equipped with the concentrated sulfuric acid that 19-25ml mass fraction is greater than 98%;
Sulfonation temperature is 90-150 DEG C, sulfonation time 3.5-4.5h;
The dry temperature of the first step is 100-110 DEG C;
The flushing is that use temperature be 80-100 DEG C of deionized water repeated flushing to neutrality, and there is no SO42-Ion inspection
Out;
The dry temperature of second step is 100-110 DEG C.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the temperature of the low-temperature carbonization is 350 DEG C, cryogenic carbon
The time of change is 2h.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the dry temperature of the first step is 105 DEG C.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in sulfonation process, every gram of carbide is equipped with 20ml matter
Measure the concentrated sulfuric acid that score is greater than 98%.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sulfonation temperature is 90 DEG C, sulfonation time 4h.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the second step dry time is 4-6h.
7. the coal based solid acid for the catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil that any preparation method of claim 1-6 is prepared is catalyzed
Agent.
8. application of the coal based solid acid catalyst in catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil described in claim 7.
9. being included the following steps: using the method for coal based solid acid catalyst catalysis for preparing biodiesel oil described in claim 7
Under the catalytic action of coal based solid acid catalyst described in claim 7 esterification occurs for methanol and oleic acid mixture,
The molar ratio of methanol and oleic acid is 8:1-12:1, and the addition quality of the coal based solid acid catalyst is the 8- of oleic acid quality
12%;The temperature of esterification is 60-70 DEG C, and the time of esterification is 3-5h.
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