CN107890870B

CN107890870B - Catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water, preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN107890870B
Application number: CN201711009457.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘勇军; 邓旋; 黄伟
Original assignee: Taiyuan University of Technology
Current assignee: Taiyuan University of Technology
Priority date: 2017-10-25
Filing date: 2017-10-25
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2037-10-25
Also published as: CN107890870A

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of chemical industry. The catalyst mainly comprises a metal simple substance and a supported nickel-based catalyst. The metal simple substance comprises Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Co and Mg, the nickel-based catalyst comprises Ni/C, wherein C is a carrier and contains Al₂O₃,SiO₂,TiO₂,ZrO₂,CeO₂,La₂O₃. Based on the total weight of the catalyst, the mass percent of the metal simple substance is 20-90%, and the mass percent of the nickel-based catalyst is 10-80%. The preparation process of the catalyst adopts the methods of dipping, sol-gel, precipitation or precipitation deposition, and then drying, roasting and reducing to obtain the catalyst. The reaction raw materials of the invention are carbon dioxide and water, the source is wide, the price is low, the preparation method of the catalyst is simple and easy to operate,low cost and has certain application prospect. The catalyst is mainly applied to thermal catalysis, not photocatalysis, and not electrocatalysis.

Description

Catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water, preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical industry, relates to methane preparation through carbon dioxide conversion, and particularly provides a novel catalytic process for preparing methane through thermocatalysis of carbon dioxide and water in a fixed bed reactor, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Technical Field

CO₂Is a main greenhouse gas, and in recent years, with CO₂The increase of emission and the global warming are intensified, which arouses the high attention of governments of various countries. To reduce CO₂Concentration in the atmosphere, how to limit CO₂Is an aspect. On the other hand, how to convert the carbon dioxide quickly is also important, so how to realize CO₂Are receiving increasing attention from researchers.

Methane is a high-quality, safe, efficient and clean hydrocarbon resource. With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the improvement of the living standard of people in recent years, the domestic natural gas production can not completely meet the market demand, and the contradiction between supply and demand is increasingly prominent, so that the natural gas synthesis technology developed by multiple ways and modes can not only effectively relieve the demand of China on natural gas, but also has good economic benefit and environmental benefit. Introducing CO₂Catalytic conversion to CH₄Is CO₂One of the important ways of recycling is not only solving CO₂Can synthesize new energy to realize CO₂The resource utilization is realized.

CO in the conventional sense₂Methanation refers to CO₂Direct hydromethanation needs four-molecule hydrogen for each molecule methane generated, so that a large amount of hydrogen is inevitably consumed, and the hydrogen energy is regarded as the most potential new energy in the 21 st century due to the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, safety, sustainability and the like. Patent CN 102091629A, CN 101773833A, CN 101757928A, CN 101773833A and the like disclose such CO₂Direct hydromethanation catalyst.

At present, the preparation of methane by the reaction of carbon dioxide and water is mainly realized by a photocatalysis and electrocatalytic reduction method. Although some research progress has been made in these two methods, some problems still remain to be solved. The photocatalysis efficiency is not high due to low quantum yield; electrocatalysis requires overcoming of CO under the condition of an external electric field₂/CO₂ ^-The two types of catalysts are complex in preparation process, high in cost and very poor in industrial amplification application.

It can be seen that the catalyst is developed for thermocatalysis of CO₂And H₂The O reaction for preparing methane is necessary for reducing the preparation cost of the catalyst and improving the efficiency of the catalyst.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention uses water to replace hydrogen for the reaction of preparing methane by the fixed bed thermal catalysis of carbon dioxide reduction, and aims to provide a catalyst for preparing methane by the reduction of carbon dioxide and water, which has the advantages of simple process, low investment and relatively high catalytic efficiency, and a preparation method and application thereof.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water consists of a metal simple substance and a supported nickel-based catalyst.

The metal simple substance is one or a mixture of several of Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Co and Mg, and can be directly purchased from the market, and the content of the metal simple substance in the catalyst is 20-90 wt.% calculated by the metal element.

The supported nickel-based catalyst comprises Ni/C, and the content of the supported nickel-based catalyst in the catalyst is 10-80 wt.%. Wherein the content of the active component Ni is 1-50 wt.%. The carrier component C is Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂,CeO₂, La₂O₃One or a mixture of several of them.

The preparation process of the catalyst is realized by a method of dipping, sol-gel, precipitation or precipitation deposition, and comprises the following specific steps:

(1) with Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, CeO₂, La₂O₃One or a mixture of more of them, adopting an impregnation method to prepare the nickel-containing suspension A.

Or taking aluminum nitrate, zirconium nitrate, cerium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate and nickel nitrate as raw materials, and adopting sodium carbonate/sodium hydroxide as a precipitator to prepare a nickel-containing precipitate B.

Or the nickel-containing sol C is prepared by taking ethyl orthosilicate, tetrabutyl titanate and nickel nitrate as raw materials through a sol-gel method.

Or adopting sodium carbonate/sodium hydroxide as a precipitator to deposit nickel nitrate on Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂,ZrO₂, CeO₂, La₂O₃On one or a mixture of several of them.

(2) And drying, roasting and reducing the nickel-containing suspension A or the precipitate B or the sol C or the deposit D to obtain the nickel-based catalyst.

(3) Mechanically grinding and mixing the nickel-based catalyst and one or more of metal simple substances of Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Co and Mg.

The catalyst is mainly applied to thermal catalysis, not photocatalysis, and not electrocatalysis. The method is used for the reaction of fixed bed thermocatalysis carbon dioxide and water, and the reaction space velocity is 150-2400 h^-1Water amount of 0.01-0.1 mL/min, reaction temperature of 300-700%^oC, the reaction pressure is 0.5-5 MPa.

The invention uses water to replace hydrogen to reduce carbon dioxide, compared with the traditional direct hydromethanation of carbon dioxide, the raw material source is wide and the price is low. Compared with the existing photoelectrocatalysis reduction of carbon dioxide, the preparation method of the catalyst is simple, high in catalysis efficiency, low in cost and easy to popularize. The reaction condition is mild, the whole process accords with the green chemical concept, and the industrial amplification prospect is realized.

Detailed Description

The following embodiments further describe the preparation and application of the catalyst for producing methane from carbon dioxide and water according to the present invention in detail.

Example 1

2.0 g of Ni (NO) are weighed₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 18g of Al was added₂O₃The immersion was carried out for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oC is reduced for 5 hours to obtain 2.5 wt. % Ni/Al₂O₃A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening.

The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 300 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.03mL/min, 300 ℃ and 2 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 3.5; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 94.6.

Example 2

Weigh 4.0 g of Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 9 g of TiO was added₂The immersion was carried out for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 10 wt.% Ni/TiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Mn powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening.

The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 600 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.05mL/min, 400 ℃ and 3 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 7.8; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 86.4.

Example 3

Weigh 4.0 g of Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 9 g of ZrO was added₂The immersion was carried out for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 10 wt.% Ni/ZrO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Al powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening.

The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1Water amount of 0.07 mL/min, 500 ℃ and 4 MPaThe activity evaluation was carried out under the reaction conditions, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 9.3; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 80.5.

Example 4

Weigh 8.0 g Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 9 g of SiO was added₂The immersion was carried out for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 20 wt.% Ni/SiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Ni powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening.

The catalyst particles were placed in a fixed bed reactor at a space velocity of 2400h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.03mL/min, 500 ℃ and 0.5 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 4.2; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 76.5.

Example 5

Weigh 4.0 g of Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂Dissolving O in distilled water, adding 9 g CeO₂The immersion was carried out for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 10 wt.% Ni/SiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Zn powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening.

The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 600 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.01mL/min, 400 ℃ and 5MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 4.7; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 83.5.

Example 6

2.0 g of Ni (NO) are weighed₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 9 g of La was added₂O₃The immersion was carried out for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oC is reduced for 5 hours to obtain 5 wt.% Ni/SiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Mg powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening.

The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 150 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.03mL/min, 500 ℃ and 5MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 4.7; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 73.5.

Example 7

Weigh 4.0 g of Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 9 g of SiO was added₂And Al₂O₃The composite oxide was immersed for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 10 wt.% Ni/SiO₂-Al₂O₃A catalyst.

The catalyst particles and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening. The catalyst is placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.01mL/min, 500 ℃ and 5MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 10.4; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 86.7.

Example 8

Weigh 4.0 g of Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 9 g of SiO was added₂And Al₂O₃The composite oxide was immersed for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oC reduction treatment for 5 hObtaining 10 wt.% Ni/SiO₂-Al₂O₃A catalyst.

The catalyst particles and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening. The catalyst is placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.05mL/min, 600 ℃ and 5MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 12.2; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 84.5.

Example 9

Weigh 4.0 g of Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O was dissolved in distilled water, and 9 g of SiO was added₂And Al₂O₃The composite oxide was immersed for 12 hours under magnetic stirring. Then put into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 10 wt.% Ni/SiO₂-Al₂O₃A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening.

The catalyst is placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.07 mL/min, 700 ℃ and 5MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 15.8; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 78.6.

Example 10

Weigh 20.0 g Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O and 36.8gAl (NO)₃)₃·6H₂Dissolving O in distilled water, and reacting with 1mol/L Na under mechanical stirring₂CO₃Co-current co-deposition of the solution, aging for half an hour, washing with deionized water for 3 times, and placing into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 50wt.% Ni/Al₂O₃A catalyst.

The catalyst particles are then driedAnd physically mixing the metal Fe powder and the metal Fe powder according to the mass ratio of 1:5, tabletting, crushing and screening to obtain the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes. The catalyst is placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.03mL/min, 500 ℃ and 3 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 20.4; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 86.6.

Example 11

Weigh 20.0 g Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O and 17.4 gZr (NO)₃)₄·5H₂Dissolving O in distilled water, co-flowing and co-precipitating with 1mol/L NaOH solution under mechanical stirring, aging for half an hour, washing with deionized water for 3 times, and placing into a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 50wt.% Ni/ZrO₂A catalyst.

The catalyst particles and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening. The catalyst is placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.1mL/min, 600 ℃ and 5MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 23.4; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 83.3.

Example 12

Weigh 10.0 g of Ni (NO)₃)₂·6H₂Dissolving O in distilled water, and mixing with 1mol/L Na under mechanical stirring₂CO₃Solution co-current co-precipitation deposition on commercial SiO₂And TiO₂Aging for half an hour, washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying in a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 25 wt.% Ni/TiO₂-SiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:8, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening. To make thisThe catalyst is placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.05mL/min, 500 ℃ and 4 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 16.3; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 90.3.

Example 13

5.0 g of Ni (NO) are weighed₃)₂·6H₂O is dissolved in distilled water and is co-current co-precipitated with 1mol/L NaOH solution under mechanical stirring to deposit on commercial SiO₂And Al₂O₃Aging for half an hour, washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying in a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 25 wt.% Ni/TiO₂-SiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:12, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening. The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.03mL/min, 500 ℃ and 3 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 21.3; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 93.5.

Example 14

5.0 g of Ni (NO) are weighed₃)₂·6H₂Dissolving O in distilled water, adding 31.1 g of ethyl orthosilicate at 70%^oHydrolyzing for 3 h under C, and placing into a blast drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 10 wt.% Ni/SiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:6, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening. The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.03mL/min, 500 ℃ and 3 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 14.3; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 90.5.

Example 15

5.0 g of Ni (NO) are weighed₃)₂·6H₂Dissolving O in distilled water, adding 38.3 g tetrabutyl titanate, hydrolyzing at room temperature for 4 h, and placing in a forced air drying oven 120^oC, drying for 10 h, and then putting into a muffle furnace 500^oCalcining C for 4H, then H₂450 in atmosphere^oReducing C for 5 hours to obtain 10 wt.% Ni/TiO₂A catalyst. The catalyst and metal Fe powder are physically mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:12, and the catalyst particles with the particle size of 40-60 meshes are obtained through tabletting, crushing and screening. The catalyst particles are placed in a fixed bed reactor and the space velocity is 1200 h^-1The activity was evaluated under the reaction conditions of water amount 0.03mL/min, 500 ℃ and 3 MPa, and the results were: CO 2₂The conversion (C-mol%) was 18.9; CH (CH)₄The selectivity (C-mol%) was 83.6.

Claims

1. A catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water, which consists of a metal simple substance and a supported nickel-based catalyst; wherein: the metal simple substance is one or a mixture of more of Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Co and Mg, and the content of the metal simple substance in the catalyst is 20-90 wt.% in terms of metal elements; the supported nickel-based catalyst comprises Ni/C, and the carrier component C is Al₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂、ZrO₂、CeO₂、La₂O₃The content of the supported nickel-based catalyst in the catalyst is 10-80 wt%; the method is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a nickel-containing suspension A by using a carrier component C through an impregnation method;

(2) drying, roasting and reducing the nickel-containing suspension A to obtain a nickel-based catalyst;

(3) mechanically grinding and mixing the nickel-based catalyst and the metal simple substance.

2. A catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water, which consists of a metal simple substance and a supported nickel-based catalyst; wherein: the metal simple substance is Zn, Fe, Al, MnOne or more of Ni, Co and Mg, wherein the content of a metal simple substance in the catalyst is 20-90 wt.% in terms of metal elements; the supported nickel-based catalyst comprises Ni/C, and the carrier component C is Al₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂、ZrO₂、CeO₂、La₂O₃The content of the supported nickel-based catalyst in the catalyst is 10-80 wt%; the method is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a nickel-containing precipitate B by using aluminum nitrate, zirconium nitrate, cerium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate and nickel nitrate as raw materials and using sodium carbonate/sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent;

(2) drying, roasting and reducing the precipitate B to obtain a nickel-based catalyst;

3. A catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water, which consists of a metal simple substance and a supported nickel-based catalyst; wherein: the metal simple substance is one or a mixture of more of Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Co and Mg, and the content of the metal simple substance in the catalyst is 20-90 wt.% in terms of metal elements; the supported nickel-based catalyst comprises Ni/C, and the carrier component C is Al₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂、ZrO₂、CeO₂、La₂O₃The content of the supported nickel-based catalyst in the catalyst is 10-80 wt%; the method is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) taking ethyl orthosilicate, tetrabutyl titanate and nickel nitrate as raw materials, and preparing nickel-containing sol C by a sol-gel method;

(2) drying, roasting and reducing the sol C to obtain a nickel-based catalyst;

(3) and mechanically grinding and mixing the nickel-based catalyst and the metal simple substance.

4. A catalyst for preparing methane from carbon dioxide and water is prepared from elementary metals anda supported nickel-based catalyst; wherein: the metal simple substance is one or a mixture of more of Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Co and Mg, and the content of the metal simple substance in the catalyst is 20-90 wt.% in terms of metal elements; the supported nickel-based catalyst comprises Ni/C, and the carrier component C is Al₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂、ZrO₂、CeO₂、La₂O₃The content of the supported nickel-based catalyst in the catalyst is 10-80 wt%; the method is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) depositing nickel nitrate on the mixture of the carrier component C by using sodium carbonate/sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent to prepare a deposit D;

(2) drying, roasting and reducing the deposit D to obtain a nickel-based catalyst;

5. The catalyst for producing methane from carbon dioxide and water according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the content of the active component nickel in the nickel-based catalyst is 1-50 wt.%.

6. The catalyst for producing methane from carbon dioxide and water according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the catalyst is applied to thermal catalysis.

7. The catalyst for producing methane from carbon dioxide and water according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the catalyst is directly used for the reaction of fixed bed thermal catalysis carbon dioxide and water, and the reaction space velocity is 150-2400 h^-1The amount of water is 0.01-0.1 mL/min, and the reaction temperature is 300-700%^oC, the reaction pressure is 0.5-5 MPa.