CN107886073A - A kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks - Google Patents

A kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks Download PDF

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CN107886073A
CN107886073A CN201711107713.8A CN201711107713A CN107886073A CN 107886073 A CN107886073 A CN 107886073A CN 201711107713 A CN201711107713 A CN 201711107713A CN 107886073 A CN107886073 A CN 107886073A
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CN107886073B (en
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唐伦
王耀玮
杨恒
刘云龙
陈前斌
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Jilin Province contemporary Zhide Electronic Information Technology Co.,Ltd.
Shenzhen Wanzhida Technology Transfer Center Co ltd
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks, belong to Computer Vision Recognition technical field.This method comprises the following steps:Neural network structure, including convolutional layer, pond layer and full articulamentum are designed, wherein convolutional layer is responsible for feature extraction with pond layer, in the full articulamentum of last layer by calculating target loss function output category result;The training of neutral net is carried out using fine granularity vehicle data collection and label data collection, training method is supervised learning, and the adjustment of weight matrix and offset is carried out using stochastic gradient descent algorithm;The neural network model trained, for carrying out vehicle attribute identification.Present embodiments can apply to more Attribute Recognitions of vehicle, using fine granularity vehicle data collection and more attribute tags data sets the more abstract high-rise expression of vehicle is obtained by convolutional neural networks, from a large amount of training sample learnings to the stealth characteristics for reflecting vehicle essence to be identified, scalability is stronger, and accuracy of identification is also higher.

Description

A kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks
Technical field
The invention belongs to Computer Vision Recognition technical field, is related to a kind of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks More attribute recognition approaches.
Background technology
Economic development therewith, automobile turn into the most important vehicles of people, and incident urban traffic blocking is asked Topic is even more getting worse, is occurred in increasing " stifled city ".Intelligent transportation system is considered as that current alleviation traffic pressure is optimal Scheme, and a part of the intelligent transportation system as smart city, digital city, it is mainly used in magnitude of traffic flow monitoring, car Monitoring, freeway toll station management, cell intelligent management, parking lot management, traffic police, police criminal detection investigation etc., its Middle vehicle detection identification is the most key part of intelligent transportation system, is to realize the intelligentized important step of traffic administration, is The important subject of computer vision and pattern-recognition in intelligent transportation system.
Vehicle recongnition technique measures in the full-automatic non-parking charge of vehicle, magnitude of traffic flow Con trolling index, automatic vehicle identification, Accident automatic telemetry on highway, onstream inspection, vehicle location, automobile burglar, inspection and tracking rule-breaking vehicle, illegal row To safeguard traffic safety and urban public security, preventing traffic jam, improve the service rate of charge road and bridge, alleviate traffic anxiety shape Condition etc. all has positive role.
In recent years, because powerful feature representation ability, deep learning have caused extensive concern, solve traditional The bottleneck of linear classifier feature extraction.Convolutional neural networks are applied to vehicle classification identification mission.However, this It is all very preliminary for original convolution neutral net framework to work a bit, and many important practical problems are not begged for By more particularly, to the more Attribute Recognition problems of vehicle.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of more attributes of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks to know Other method.This method is based on convolutional neural networks structure, and using multitask, study mechanism, introducing spatial measure learn, carried simultaneously Vehicle image higher level of abstraction is taken to express.By obtaining image tripletloss and softmaxloss, and then two kinds of combination learning Loss carrys out training network.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks, this method comprise the following steps:
S1:Build the neutral net hierarchical structure of multi-task learning;
S2:Using the vehicle data collection of the fine granularity image classification comprising different vehicle attribute, neutral net, study are trained Triplet Loss and Softmax Loss associated losses are so as to carrying out the adjustment of weight parameter matrix and bias;
S3:By the weight parameter matrix and bias in the obtained each layer trained, neutral net is accordingly assigned to In each layer, for vehicle characteristics extraction and the more Attribute Recognitions of vehicle.
Further, the neutral net hierarchical structure includes input layer, convolutional layer, activation primitive layer, normalization layer, Chi Hua Layer, full articulamentum, slicing layer and classification output layer, wherein, input layer includes original image input layer and label data input layer; Convolutional layer, activation primitive layer, normalization layer, pond layer and full articulamentum are responsible for vehicle characteristics extraction;Slicing layer is responsible for number of tags According to section;Classification layer is responsible for output category result.
Further, the step 2 is specially:Cutting is carried out to label data using slicing layer, label data is special with image Levy data and carry out classification learning, different attribute tasks is completed by the associated losses for learning different attribute;Each learning tasks Shared hidden layer, that is, excavate the inner link of different attribute study, distinguishes the difference between learning tasks again;For the difference of vehicle Attribute, different learning tasks are determined, each learning tasks learns an attribute of vehicle, and vehicle attribute is known Not;Row label mark is entered to each attribute of vehicle, obtains more attribute tags data;
The multi-task learning multiple tasks collateral learning, as a result influences each other once to learn multiple tasks;
The vehicle attribute includes vehicle brand, vehicle, the vehicle adeditive attribute of color;
The training method of the training neutral net is the supervised learning of the data of tape label;
The output that the Triplet Loss are triple network structure Triplet Network is lost, the Softmax Loss is the output loss of Softmax regression functions;Wherein triple network structure belongs to metric learning, is by training and learning Practise, reduce the distance between similar sample, while increase the distance between different classes of sample;
The fine granularity image classification be for coarseness is classified, for identify under similar categorization different subclasses it Between nuance.
Further, the neutral net hierarchical structure includes 2 input layers, 5 convolutional layers, 5 activation primitive layers, 2 Normalize layer, 3 pond layers, 3 full articulamentums, 1 slicing layer and some classification output layers;
Wherein, first convolutional layer is 11x11x3 using 96 sizes, and step-length is the convolution kernel of 4 pixels, is to size 224x224x3 input picture carries out convolutional filtering;
Second layer convolutional layer is in response to normalization and Chi Huahou knot using the output of first convolutional layer as input Fruit, and be filtered using the convolution kernel that 256 sizes are 5x5x48;
Three, the 4th and the 5th convolutional layers are connected with each other, not between any pond layer with normalizing among layer;
The convolution kernel that 3rd convolutional layer has 384 sizes to be 3x3x256 is connected to the output of second convolutional layer, is to return One is changing, Chi Huahou result;
4th convolutional layer possesses the core that 384 sizes are 3x3x192;
5th convolutional layer possesses the core that 256 sizes are 3x3x192;
Pond layer uses size as 3, and step-length is 2 pond window, using overlapping pool strategy;
Activation primitive layer is applied to the output of each convolutional layer and full articulamentum, using unsaturated nonlinear function f (x)= Max (0, x) solves nonlinear problem;The output of each hidden neuron is arranged to zero by dropout layers with 0.5 probability, is kept away Exempt from the generation of over-fitting;
Full articulamentum has 4096 neurons, for the classification in whole convolutional neural networks.
Further, in the neutral net hierarchical structure, the input of input layer includes raw image data and more attributes Label data, wherein raw image data input raw image data, more more attribute tags data of attribute tags data input;
This layer of input data is split into N number of branch in the full articulamentum of last layer, wherein N is the vehicle category for needing to learn Property number;
There is data slicer layer after more attribute tags data input layers, label data cutting is cut into slices for N number of label, each Label section possesses an attribute mark, and wherein N is the vehicle attribute number for needing to learn;
By the raw image data after division and label section combination learning, the classification results of each attribute of final output.
Further, the learning method of the associated losses is:
It is N to define for the data image number of training, and classification number is C, and note image ri label classification is li, it is designated asWherein i=1 ... N, f (ri, c) and it is classification c in the output of last layer of full articulamentum, c=1 ..., C, then all instructions Practice image { ri}iNegative log-likelihood sum is defined as in the Softmax loss outputs of last layer of full articulamentum:
The metric learning is:
A triple is formed using three images, is designated as, wherein beingReference sample,Be withTogether The image of classification, referred to as positive sample,Be withDifferent classes of image, referred to as negative sample;Note image feature representation is f (x), F (x) needs to standardize by L2, that is, meets | | f (x) | |2=1, then the feature expression of sample is respectively in tripleWithα is predetermined threshold value, and triple loss Triplet Loss are expressed as:
The weighing apparatus of final classification result is carried out using the associated losses of two kinds of losses of Softmax Loss and Triplet Loss Amount, associated losses are expressed as:
L=ω Ltriplet+(1-ω)Lsoftmax
Wherein, parameter ω represents Triplet Loss proportions.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) present invention learns more with the vehicle attributes of convolutional neural networks to combine, be pointedly designed, Training, improve, while learn and export more attribute of vehicle;
(2) present invention is represented using deep learning extraction vehicle characteristics, reduces human intervention.
Brief description of the drawings
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below and carried out Explanation:
Fig. 1 is implementation method schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is based on LsoftmaxAnd LtripletCombination learning network structure model;
Fig. 3 is the neural network structure model suitable for multi-task learning;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the convolutional neural networks of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, Fig. 1 is implementation method schematic diagram of the present invention.Including two modules:Training module and test module. Training module is the training process of neutral net, and training dataset and label data obtain neural mould by multitask neutral net Type, test module are neutral net test process, and test data set passes through characteristic extraction procedure, passes through the neural model trained Obtain final output.
As shown in Fig. 2 Fig. 2 is LsoftmaxAnd LtripletCombination learning network structure model, step is as follows:
Step 201:Fine granularity vehicle data collection is obtained, vehicle image is divided into trigram modelsWherein it isReference sample,Be withGeneric image, referred to as positive sample,Be withDifferent classes of image, referred to as negative sample, I is image label,
Step 202:Triple picture is sent into neutral net and carries out feature learning, learns to share same hidden layer;
Step 203:Output is normalized in last layer of full articulamentum;
Step 204:Structuring study is carried out with label data;
Step 205:L is obtained using the output of step 203softmax
Step 206:L is calculated using the output of step 204triplet
Step 207:To LtripletAnd LsoftmaxCombination learning is carried out, obtains associated losses.
As shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is multi-task learning network structure model, step is as follows:
Step 301:Raw image data is inputted to neutral net, image reaches after convolution, pond etc. are handled to be connected entirely Connect a layer layer 7;
Step 302:Input label data, come in and gone out after slicing treatment and arrive full articulamentum layer 7, wherein slicing treatment Carry out, cut into slices according to attribute classification, and carry out attribute mark in slicing layer;
Step 303:Division processing is done in characteristics of image input to last layer of full articulamentum, wherein divided number is category Property number, then image feature data respectively learnt with label data;
Step 304:Output obtains the learning outcome of different attribute.
As shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 is the specific neural network structure schematic diagram of the present invention, step is as follows:
Step 401:An input of the original image as neutral net;
Step 402:Another input of label data as neutral net;
Step 403:The convolutional layer of neutral net, wherein 403_1 represent first convolutional layer, and 403_2 represents second volume Lamination, by that analogy, 5 convolutional layers, convolutional layer do process of convolution to this layer of input altogether;
Step 404:The activation primitive layer of neutral net, 404_1 represent first activation primitive, and 404_2 represents second Activation primitive layer, by that analogy, 7 activation primitive layers altogether, respectively after convolutional layer and full articulamentum, wherein activation primitive For f (x)=max (0, x);
Step 405:The normalization layer of neutral net, 405_1 represent first normalization layer, and 405_2 represents second and returned One changes layer, and by that analogy, 2 normalization layers, the input to this layer altogether is normalized;
Step 406:The pond layer of neutral net, 406_1 represent first pond layer, and 406_2 represents second pond layer, By that analogy, three pond layers altogether;
Step 407:The full articulamentum of neutral net, 407_1 represent the full articulamentum of first layer, and 407_2 represents second and connected entirely Layer is connect, by that analogy, three full articulamentums altogether;
Step 407_3:Last layer of the full articulamentum of neutral net, the image feature data of this layer of input is done at division Reason, division number is is learned attribute number;
Step 408:Neutral net dropout layers, 408_1 represent first dropout layer, and 408_2 represents second The output of neuron is arranged to 0 by dropout layers, dropout layers at random according to 0.5 probability;
Step 409:Neutral net slicing layer, slicing treatment is done to label data input, cut according to different attributes Piece;
Step 410:By step 407_3 output and the output combination learning of step 409, associated losses are calculated.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks, it is characterised in that:This method include with Lower step:
    S1:Build the neutral net hierarchical structure of multi-task learning;
    S2:Using the vehicle data collection of the fine granularity image classification comprising different vehicle attribute, neutral net, study are trained Triplet Loss and Softmax Loss associated losses are so as to carrying out the adjustment of weight parameter matrix and bias;
    S3:By the weight parameter matrix and bias in the obtained each layer trained, accordingly it is assigned in neutral net Each layer, for vehicle characteristics extraction and the more Attribute Recognitions of vehicle.
  2. 2. a kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks according to claim 1, it is special Sign is:
    The neutral net hierarchical structure includes input layer, convolutional layer, activation primitive layer, normalization layer, pond layer, full connection Layer, slicing layer and classification output layer, wherein, input layer includes original image input layer and label data input layer;Convolutional layer, swash Function layer, normalization layer, pond layer and full articulamentum living are responsible for vehicle characteristics extraction;Slicing layer is responsible for label data section;Point Class layer is responsible for output category result.
  3. 3. a kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks according to claim 1, it is special Sign is:The step 2 is specially:Cutting is carried out to label data using slicing layer, label data enters with image feature data Row classification learning, different attribute tasks is completed by the associated losses for learning different attribute;Each learning tasks share hidden layer, The inner link of different attribute study is excavated, distinguishes the difference between learning tasks again;For the different attribute of vehicle, it is determined that Different learning tasks, each learning tasks learn an attribute of vehicle, and vehicle attribute is identified;To vehicle Each attribute enters row label mark, obtains more attribute tags data;
    The multi-task learning multiple tasks collateral learning, as a result influences each other once to learn multiple tasks;
    The vehicle attribute includes vehicle brand, vehicle, the vehicle adeditive attribute of color;
    The training method of the training neutral net is the supervised learning of the data of tape label;
    The output that the Triplet Loss are triple network structure Triplet Network is lost, the Softmax Loss is the output loss of Softmax regression functions;Wherein triple network structure belongs to metric learning, is by training and learning Practise, reduce the distance between similar sample, while increase the distance between different classes of sample;
    The fine granularity image classification is for coarseness is classified, for identifying under similar categorization between different subclasses Nuance.
  4. 4. a kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks according to claim 1 or 2, its It is characterised by:
    The neutral net hierarchical structure includes 2 input layers, 5 convolutional layers, 5 activation primitive layers, 2 normalization layers, 3 Pond layer, 3 full articulamentums, 1 slicing layer and some classification output layers;
    Wherein, first convolutional layer is 11x11x3 using 96 sizes, and step-length is the convolution kernel of 4 pixels, is to size 224x224x3 input picture carries out convolutional filtering;
    Second layer convolutional layer is in response to normalization and Chi Huahou result using the output of first convolutional layer as inputting, and It is filtered using the convolution kernel that 256 sizes are 5x5x48;
    Three, the 4th and the 5th convolutional layers are connected with each other, not between any pond layer with normalizing among layer;
    The convolution kernel that 3rd convolutional layer has 384 sizes to be 3x3x256 is connected to the output of second convolutional layer, is normalization , Chi Huahou result;
    4th convolutional layer possesses the core that 384 sizes are 3x3x192;
    5th convolutional layer possesses the core that 256 sizes are 3x3x192;
    Pond layer uses size as 3, and step-length is 2 pond window, using overlapping pool strategy;
    Activation primitive layer is applied to the output of each convolutional layer and full articulamentum, using unsaturated nonlinear function f (x)=max (0, x) solves nonlinear problem;The output of hidden neuron is arranged to zero by dropout layers with 0.5 probability, wherein Dropout layers are that it is temporarily abandoned neutral net unit to according to certain probability from network, avoid training plan with this Close the mechanism that phenomenon occurs and design;
    Full articulamentum has 4096 neurons, for the classification in whole convolutional neural networks.
  5. 5. a kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks according to claim 4, it is special Sign is:In the neutral net hierarchical structure, the input of input layer includes raw image data and more attribute tags data, Wherein raw image data input raw image data, more more attribute tags data of attribute tags data input;
    This layer of input data is split into N number of branch in the full articulamentum of last layer, wherein N is the vehicle attribute for needing to learn Number;
    There is data slicer layer after more attribute tags data input layers, label data cutting is cut into slices for N number of label, each label Section possesses an attribute mark, and wherein N is the vehicle attribute number for needing to learn;
    By the raw image data after division and label section combination learning, the classification results of each attribute of final output.
  6. 6. a kind of more attribute recognition approaches of fine granularity vehicle based on convolutional neural networks according to claim 3, it is special Sign is:The learning method of the associated losses is:
    It is N to define for the data image number of training, and classification number is C, note image riLabel classification be li, it is designated as Wherein i=1 ... N, f (ri, c) and it is classification c in the output of last layer of full articulamentum, c=1 ..., C, then all training images {ri}iNegative log-likelihood sum is defined as in the Softmax loss outputs of last layer of full articulamentum:
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </munderover> <mo>-</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>C</mi> </msubsup> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>
    The metric learning is:
    A triple is formed using three images, is designated asWherein it isReference sample,Be withIt is generic Image, referred to as positive sample,Be withDifferent classes of image, referred to as negative sample;Note image feature representation is f (x), f (x) Need to standardize by L2, that is, meet | | f (x) | |2=1, then the feature expression of sample is respectively in tripleWithα is predetermined threshold value, and triple loss Triplet Loss are expressed as:
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;Sigma;</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>|</mo> <mo>|</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msubsup> <mo>|</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>|</mo> <mo>|</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msubsup> <mo>|</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> <mo>}</mo> </mrow>
    The measurement of final classification result, connection are carried out using the associated losses of two kinds of losses of Softmax Loss and Triplet Loss Loss is closed to be expressed as:
    L=ω Ltriplet+(1-ω)Lsoftmax
    Wherein, parameter ω represents Triplet Loss proportions.
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Patentee before: CHONGQING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS