CN107884817B - Piezoelectric geophone - Google Patents
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- CN107884817B CN107884817B CN201711331443.9A CN201711331443A CN107884817B CN 107884817 B CN107884817 B CN 107884817B CN 201711331443 A CN201711331443 A CN 201711331443A CN 107884817 B CN107884817 B CN 107884817B
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- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a piezoelectric geophone, which comprises a shell and a simply supported beam substrate made of elastic materials, wherein two ends of the simply supported beam substrate in the length direction are respectively and rigidly connected to the shell for horizontal arrangement, one half of the length of the simply supported beam substrate is provided with a middle-end piezoelectric plate, and the middle-end piezoelectric plate is electrically connected with an output wire for outputting a detection signal of the piezoelectric geophone. The piezoelectric geophone has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capability, wide dynamic range, portability, durability and the like, is more reliable and wide in application in the fields of underground land seismic exploration, underground trough seismic exploration and the like, and can be widely detected under the condition of the same length beam substrate by adopting a mode of fixing the two ends of the simply supported beam substrate relative to a cantilever beam structure with single end fixed.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of seismic exploration, and more particularly to a piezoelectric geophone.
Background
The geophone is a special sensor applied to the fields of geological exploration and engineering measurement, which converts direct waves of an artificial excitation source or reflected waves of each stratum into electric signals and then inputs the electric signals into a seismic instrument. The working principle of the sensor can be divided into magneto-electric type, vortex type, piezoelectric type and other detectors. The application environment can be divided into land exploration geophone, underwater geophone applied to exploration in rivers, lakes and seas and well geophone applied to seismic logging. The energy conversion mechanism is divided into a speed type detector and an acceleration type detector. The exploration method can be divided into a longitudinal wave detector, also called a vertical detector, and a transverse wave detector, also called a horizontal detector, and a three-component detector. In addition, geophones can be divided into active and passive geophones. The traditional mechanical moving coil type and the traditional vortex detector belong to passive detectors, and the piezoelectric detector belongs to active detectors.
At present, the most widely used in China is the traditional analog geophone, the analog signal is output by the seismic wave sensing device, and the conventional or super-speed geophone is mainly used on land. The detectors are basically magneto-electric detectors and eddy-current detectors, the internal structures of the detectors are composed of permanent magnets and coils, and the electromagnetic induction principle is basically applied, so that the purpose of seismic exploration is achieved through interaction of the coils and the permanent magnets. The detectors have high elastic structures such as coils, and large relative movement among the components is easy to generate deformation, so waveforms are easy to generate deformation, signal distortion is further caused, and the permanent magnets are not long in service life and are easily influenced by environment due to the fact that the performances of the permanent magnets are changed and the magnetism is fading along with time, and the detectors are low in stability, so that the requirements of high-precision and high-resolution seismic exploration cannot be met. As a first step of seismic signal acquisition procedure, the detector device cannot obtain better original seismic signals, directly influences the quality of acquired seismic data, limits the capacity of obtaining complex geological structures by adopting a seismic exploration method, and becomes one of main bottlenecks for restricting the development of petroleum geophysical prospecting technology. With the improvement of high-precision oil and gas exploration technology and the increase of oil and gas exploration complexity, the geophone is developing towards low distortion, high sensitivity and wide frequency band, has large dynamic range, wide frequency response, small equivalent input noise, small volume, light weight and strong electromagnetic interference resistance, meets the high-resolution acquisition requirement, and is a trend of the current geophone development. Various new detectors using different new technologies and materials are coming into existence.
The piezoelectric acceleration geophone is a novel geophone which appears in recent years, has a simple internal structure, is free of magnetic steel and coils, and therefore has the advantages of high rigidity, small deformation, small waveform deformation, stable performance and high resolution, and is a high-fidelity geophone with high sensitivity. Yuan Baoding et al developed inertial piezoelectric amphibious detectors in 1993 (chinese patent 93232320.0); duke has equally developed land-based piezoceramic geophones (China patent 00226749.7); liu Zhaoqi A YD20OO land piezoelectric seismic acceleration detector (Chinese patent 200420042025. X) is developed, and conventional lead-acid zirconium and zirconium titanate [ PbZrO are adopted 3 -PbTiO 3 ]Although the natural frequency of the piezoelectric detector (PZT for short) is high and the high-frequency response is good, the piezoelectric detector is small in dynamic range, high in impedance and low in low-frequency response because of being affected by the disadvantages of the conventional piezoelectric element such as low piezoelectric constant and high impedance. Research shows that the novel relaxor ferroelectric crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate [ xPB (Mg) 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -(1-x)PbTiO 3 ]The main piezoelectric performance index of PMNT is far higher than that of PZT piezoelectric ceramics commonly used at present. The relaxation ferroelectric single crystal material has higher piezoelectric constant g 33 、d 33 Coefficient of electromechanical coupling k 33 Dielectric constant epsilon 33 T And lower electrical losses, the overall performance of which is superior to PZT ceramics. The relaxation type ferroelectric single crystal material is used as a sensing element of the piezoelectric geophone, and a core structure of the geophone matched with the relaxation type ferroelectric single crystal material is designed to fully exert the performance advantage of the single crystal material, so that the sensitivity of the piezoelectric geophone is expected to be greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the conventional piezoelectric geophone is insufficient in sensitivity and poor in low-frequency response, and provides the piezoelectric geophone, wherein a simply supported beam type structure geophone core is adopted to increase the sensitivity of the geophone in a limited space and improve the low-frequency response performance of the piezoelectric geophone.
According to one aspect of the invention, in order to solve the technical problems, the piezoelectric geophone comprises a shell and a simply supported beam substrate made of elastic materials, wherein two ends of the simply supported beam substrate in the length direction are respectively and rigidly connected to the shell for horizontal arrangement, a middle piezoelectric plate is arranged at one half of the length of the simply supported beam substrate, and the middle piezoelectric plate is electrically connected with an output wire for outputting a detection signal of the piezoelectric geophone.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention, the simple beam base is made of beryllium bronze or phosphor bronze.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention, the crystal orientation of the intermediate piezoelectric plate is a <001> direction, and the polarization electric field direction thereof is parallel to the thickness direction thereof, and the transduction mode is a d33 transduction mode.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention, there is further provided a mass provided on the face of the intermediate-end piezoelectric plate remote from the base of the simply-supported beam.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention, a first side piezoelectric plate and/or a second side piezoelectric plate are further provided at both ends or one end of the simply supported beam base in the longitudinal direction, respectively;
the voltage of the middle end piezoelectric sheet and the voltage of each side end piezoelectric sheet are output in series or in parallel.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention, each side piezoelectric plate has a crystal orientation of <110> direction, and its polarized electric field direction is parallel to its thickness direction, and the transduction mode is d31 transduction mode; the crystal orientation of the middle piezoelectric plate is the <001> direction, the polarization electric field direction is parallel to the thickness direction, and the transduction mode is d33 transduction mode.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention, each end of the piezoelectric sheet included in the piezoelectric geophone has a single-layer structure, and is made of a piezoelectric single crystal PMN-PT; or,
all or part of each end piezoelectric sheet contained in the piezoelectric earthquake detection adopts a structure of a plurality of piezoelectric single crystals, each piezoelectric single crystal contained in each end piezoelectric sheet is respectively connected in a crystal polarization direction, and each piezoelectric single crystal is made of piezoelectric single crystal PMN-PT.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention, the middle-end piezoelectric pieces having a plurality of piezoelectric single crystals and the side-end piezoelectric pieces are realized by using laminated piezoelectric pieces.
Preferably, in the piezoelectric geophone according to the present invention, the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle piezoelectric plate and the upper surface and the lower surface of each side piezoelectric plate are respectively provided with an upper surface electrode and a lower surface electrode, and each upper surface electrode and each lower surface electrode respectively draw out an output wire;
the electrode materials of the upper surface electrode and the lower surface electrode of the middle end piezoelectric sheet and the piezoelectric sheet at each side end are silver or gold; the output lead led out from each upper surface electrode and each lower surface electrode is copper wire.
The piezoelectric geophone has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capability, wide dynamic range, portability, durability and the like, and is more reliable and wide in application in the fields of land seismic exploration, underground trough seismic exploration and the like. Compared with a cantilever beam structure with single-end fixed, the method of fixing the two ends of the simply supported beam substrate can be adopted, and the frequency range of detection is wider under the condition of the beam substrate with the same length.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric geophone according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the sensitivity-frequency relationship of the novel PMN-PT piezoelectric material compared to the PZT material in the simply supported beam structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a piezoelectric geophone according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric geophone according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention is shown. The piezoelectric geophone comprises a simply supported beam substrate 2, a piezoelectric plate 3 and a mass block 4. The simply supported beam substrate 2 adopts an elastic element, the elastic element is more sensitive to vibration, the sensitivity of the piezoelectric geophone can be increased, and the piezoelectric geophone can be preferably made of beryllium bronze or phosphor bronze. The lower surface of the piezoelectric sheet 3 is adhered to the upper end of the simply supported beam substrate 2 and is positioned at one half of the length of the simply supported beam substrate, the piezoelectric seismometer is provided with a base 1 arranged on the shell, and the ends A and B of the two ends in the length direction of the simply supported beam substrate 2 are respectively and rigidly connected to the base 1 to be rigidly connected with the shell to form a horizontal arrangement. In another embodiment of the invention both ends of the simply supported beam base 2 may be directly rigidly connected to the housing. The upper surface of the piezoelectric sheet 3 is fixed with a mass block 4 made of steel or tungsten and other alloys, and the mass block 4 can cause the piezoelectric sheet 3 to generate larger strain. For different piezoelectric geophones, the sensitivity and resonant frequency of the geophone are designed by arranging the mass blocks 4 to be of different masses; the bottom surface of the mass block 4 is the same as the upper surface of the piezoelectric sheet 3 in size and shape, and the two are connected in a staggered manner; the piezoelectric sheet 3 converts force into an electric signal, an upper surface electrode and a lower surface electrode are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric sheet 3, output leads are respectively led out from the upper surface electrode and the lower surface electrode, and the output formed on the piezoelectric sheet 3 independently forms an earthquake electric signal as a detection signal of the piezoelectric geophone.
The electrode materials of the upper surface electrode and the lower surface electrode can be silver, copper or gold. The piezoelectric sheet 3 is a square single-layer structure, the size is 10mm x 1mm, the piezoelectric sheet 3 is made of piezoelectric single crystals (PMN-PT), the crystal direction of the piezoelectric sheet 3 is a <001> direction, the polarization electric field direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the piezoelectric sheet, and the transduction mode is a d33 transduction mode.
FIG. 2 shows that under a simply supported beam structure, the model with the piezoelectric material PMN-PT has overall higher sensitivity than the model with the piezoelectric material PMN-PT at a frequency in the range of 0-1000Hz. The sensitivity of the double piezoelectric plate combined simply supported beam model with the piezoelectric material PMN-PT in the range of 0-1000Hz is 13.5-63.6mV/ms -2 The sensitivity of the combined simply supported beam model of the PZT-5A double piezoelectric plate is higher than that of a central compression structure model and a single piezoelectric plate simply supported beam model of which the piezoelectric material is PMN-PT. This is because the dual piezoelectric sheet combined type simply supported beam structure utilizes the d piezoelectric material at the same time 31 And d 33 Two transduction modes. This shows that the PMN-PT can greatly improve the sensitivity of the geophone by being used as a sensitive material of the geophone.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the piezoelectric geophone of the present invention is shown. The piezoelectric geophone comprises a simply supported beam substrate 2, a piezoelectric plate 3, a piezoelectric plate 5, a piezoelectric plate 6 and a mass block 4. The difference between the present invention and the above embodiment is that the piezoelectric plate 5 and the piezoelectric plate 6 are respectively arranged at the end A and the end B of the longitudinal direction of the simply supported beam substrate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric plate 5 and the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric plate 6 are respectively plated with electrodes, and leads are respectively led out from the electrodes. The crystal orientation of the piezoelectric sheets 5 and 6 is the <110> direction, the polarization electric field direction is parallel to the thickness direction, and the transduction mode is d31 transduction mode; the piezoelectric sheet 3 has a <001> direction and a polarization electric field direction parallel to the thickness direction thereof, and is in a d33 transduction mode. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric sheet 3, the piezoelectric sheet 5, and the piezoelectric sheet 6 respectively form a group of outputs, and the three groups of output signals are overlapped to be used as final outputs, where the overlapped form may be three parallel currents or three series voltages.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric geophone according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that each of the above-mentioned piezoelectric sheets is implemented by an upper piezoelectric sheet having a plurality of piezoelectric single crystals (piezoelectric sheets located at the upper end of the simply supported beam substrate), each piezoelectric single crystal included in each piezoelectric sheet is connected in a crystal polarization direction, each piezoelectric single crystal is made of a piezoelectric single crystal PMN-PT, each upper piezoelectric sheet in this embodiment is implemented by a laminated piezoelectric sheet, the upper piezoelectric sheet on the left side in the figure has piezoelectric sheets 5 and 9 (both of which form one laminated piezoelectric sheet, the lower same), the upper piezoelectric sheet on the middle in the figure has piezoelectric sheets 3 and 8, and the upper piezoelectric sheet on the right side in the figure has piezoelectric sheets 6 and 7. The crystal directions of the laminated piezoelectric sheets 5, 9, 6 and 7 are the <110> directions, the polarization electric field directions of the laminated piezoelectric sheets are parallel to the thickness directions of the laminated piezoelectric sheets, and the transduction mode of the laminated piezoelectric sheets is a d31 transduction mode; the crystal orientation of the piezoelectric sheets 3 and 8 is the <001> direction, the polarization electric field direction is parallel to the thickness direction, and the transduction mode of the piezoelectric sheets is d33 transduction mode. The upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric sheets 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are plated with electrodes, and leads are led out from the upper surfaces of the piezoelectric sheets 3, 5, 6, and leads are led out from the lower surfaces of the piezoelectric sheets 7, 8, 9. Wherein the outputs of the piezoelectric sheets 6 and 7 are overlapped to form a group of outputs, the outputs of the piezoelectric sheets 3 and 8 are overlapped to form a group of outputs, the outputs of the piezoelectric sheets 5 and 9 are overlapped to form a group of outputs, the three groups of outputs are connected in parallel or are connected in series in voltage to form a final output signal, and the three groups of signals are overlapped to form a final output signal.
It should be understood that the two-sided piezoelectric sheet in the embodiment shown in fig. 4 may be a laminated piezoelectric sheet only in part. In another embodiment of the present invention, only one side piezoelectric plate may be used at both ends of the middle piezoelectric plate, or more side piezoelectric plates (more than 3 groups) may be added, so long as signals are superimposed.
The working principle of the invention; when the piezoelectric simply supported beam core body is subjected to the earth vibration, the piezoelectric simply supported beam can vibrate with the same frequency and amplitude along with the earth vibration, the middle end of the piezoelectric simply supported beam is stressed to deform due to the action of the mass block, and mechanical energy can be converted into electric energy when the piezoelectric material deforms due to the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, and then the electric signals on the two piezoelectric sheets are collected, so that the earthquake electric signals can be obtained. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4 may be implemented without the mass, and the core may work normally; the first side end voltage piece and the second side end voltage piece are not necessarily arranged at the left end and the right end of the simply supported beam substrate, and the distance between the first side end voltage piece and the second side end voltage piece and the end of the simply supported beam substrate is not more than one third of the length of the simply supported beam substrate, so that the design requirement of the detector can be better.
The core body of the invention has simple structure, light weight and small volume, and the structure of the single or multiple piezoelectric plate simply supported beams is utilized, so the invention can be suitable for low-frequency vibration environment, and has the characteristic of increasing sensitivity along with frequency.
According to the detector core structure provided by the invention, the vibration of the environment is utilized to drive the simple beam structure to vibrate, so that the piezoelectric sheet is bent and deformed, and effective electric potential is generated between different electrodes of the piezoelectric sheet, so that the piezoelectric can output energy more effectively.
The detector core structure provided by the invention fully plays the anisotropic property of piezoelectric single crystal (PMN-PT) and fully utilizes d of piezoelectric material 31 And d 33 Two transduction modes. The electrodes of the piezoelectric sheet are set as upper and lower surface electrodes, and the polarization direction coincides with the pressed direction (thickness direction). The performance of the piezoelectric sheet is effectively exerted by utilizing the poisson effect of the piezoelectric sheet when the piezoelectric sheet is bent, and the energy output efficiency of the piezoelectric sheet is improved.
In general, the geophone based on the core structure provided by the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capability, wide dynamic range, portability, durability and the like, and is more reliable and wide in application in the fields of underground trough wave seismic exploration, land seismic exploration and the like.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The piezoelectric geophone is characterized by comprising a shell and a simply supported beam substrate made of elastic materials, wherein two ends of the simply supported beam substrate in the length direction are respectively and rigidly connected to the shell for horizontal arrangement, one half of the length of the simply supported beam substrate is provided with a middle-end piezoelectric plate, and the middle-end piezoelectric plate is electrically connected with an output wire to output a detection signal of the piezoelectric geophone;
the crystal direction of the middle-end piezoelectric sheet is the <001> direction, the polarization electric field direction is parallel to the thickness direction, and the transduction mode is d33 transduction mode;
the piezoelectric geophone is also provided with a mass block, and the mass block is arranged on one surface of the middle-end piezoelectric plate, which is far away from the simply supported beam substrate;
the two ends or one end of the simply supported beam substrate in the length direction are respectively provided with a first side end piezoelectric sheet and/or a second side end piezoelectric sheet;
the voltage series or the current parallel output is carried out by the middle-end piezoelectric sheet and the piezoelectric sheets at the side ends;
the crystal orientation of each side piezoelectric plate is the <110> direction, the polarization electric field direction is parallel to the thickness direction, and the transduction mode is d31 transduction mode; the crystal direction of the middle-end piezoelectric sheet is the <001> direction, the polarization electric field direction is parallel to the thickness direction, and the transduction mode is d33 transduction mode;
all or part of each end piezoelectric sheet contained in the piezoelectric earthquake detection adopts a structure of a plurality of piezoelectric single crystals, each piezoelectric single crystal contained in each end piezoelectric sheet is respectively connected in a crystal polarization direction, and each piezoelectric single crystal is made of piezoelectric single crystal PMN-PT;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle end piezoelectric sheet and the upper surface and the lower surface of each side end piezoelectric sheet are respectively provided with an upper surface electrode and a lower surface electrode, and each upper surface electrode and each lower surface electrode respectively lead out an output lead.
2. The piezogeophone as recited in claim 1, wherein said simply supported beam substrate is made of beryllium bronze or phosphor bronze.
3. The piezogeophone as recited in claim 2, wherein the center-end piezoelectric patch having a plurality of piezoelectric single crystals and each side-end piezoelectric patch are implemented using laminated piezoelectric patches.
4. The piezoelectric geophone as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, wherein,
the electrode materials of the upper surface electrode and the lower surface electrode of the middle end piezoelectric sheet and the side end piezoelectric sheets are silver or gold; the output lead led out from each upper surface electrode and each lower surface electrode is copper wire.
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