CN107884812A - Radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector - Google Patents

Radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector Download PDF

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CN107884812A
CN107884812A CN201711095448.6A CN201711095448A CN107884812A CN 107884812 A CN107884812 A CN 107884812A CN 201711095448 A CN201711095448 A CN 201711095448A CN 107884812 A CN107884812 A CN 107884812A
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scintillator detector
radioactive source
scintillator
counting rate
detector
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CN107884812B (en
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兰明聪
党晓军
韦孟伏
苗苗
肖洒
张连平
吴伦强
陈颖
何伟波
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Institute of Materials of CAEP
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01TMEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T5/00Recording of movements or tracks of particles; Processing or analysis of such tracks

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Abstract

The invention discloses the radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector, mainly solve can not to realize being accurately positioned and track and the problems such as position error being larger for mobile unknown radioactive source present in prior art.This method includes:At least four scintillator detector is distributed using discrete way in two dimension or three dimensions, establishes scintillator detector cartesian coordinate system;Efficiency calibration is carried out to scintillator detector;Detect the background counting rate in space residing for scintillator detector;The detection limit of scintillator detector is set, the counting rate that scintillator detector is carried out at interval of time t gathers;Net counting rate amendment is carried out using the relation of scintillator detector efficiency and measurement angle, the three-dimensional space position of the radioactive source is tried to achieve according to square relation being inversely proportional of net counting rate and detector measurement distance, detection is repeated and obtains radioactive source motion track.The present invention has the advantages that accurate positioning, calculating are easy, applied widely.

Description

Radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear technology field, the radioactive source positioning and tracing method of scintillator detector is based especially on.
Background technology
With the continuous development of nuclear energy technology, important component of the nuclear energy as sustainable development clean energy resource, due to The energy of nuclear energy fission release is huge, and nuclear energy course of reaction produces without air pollutants, is progressively used to generating electricity, the neck such as submarine Domain.But nuclear energy such as radio radiation, radioactive waste processing, economic interests is brought to society there is also huge risk Also cause no small puzzlement to society, ecological environment simultaneously.Electronics, communication normal work will be influenceed because it radiates source radiation, Therefore, in traffic transport industry, especially forbid to carry Radioactive Materials in fields such as harbour, aviation, railways.What is more, disobeys Method carries radioactive source, is started something in important place, destroys social public order.
Therefore, screening machine is set in fields such as harbour, aviation, railways to check prohibited items, but can only be examined thing Product could be found by screening machine, can not realize the radioactive source of automatic accurate positioning and tracking.At present, the positioning that radioactive source uses The monitoring, positioning and tracking of known radioactive source are generally can be divided into, another kind of is the Detection location of unknown source;Such as number of patent application For 200810056795.2, the Chinese invention of entitled " a kind of to the automatic supervision of radioactive source and the method and system monitored in real time " Patent, this method solidify the positioning terminal of active archive information by being installed on radioactive source, read reading source by leading portion and believe Cease and by technological orientations such as wireless telecommunications, GPS locations, the method is simply not proposed to important safety and supervises region to unknown Radioactive source is positioned, and GPS location error is larger, is easily disturbed moreover, being wirelessly transferred by radiation.And for example number of patent application is 201410592818.7, the Chinese invention patent of entitled " a kind of radioactive source localization method and system ", it uses mobile communication The unknown radioactive source of terminal-pair is detected, but is had the following disadvantages:First, mobile communication terminal precision is relatively low, it is impossible to Realization is accurately positioned, and second, real-time tracking can not be realized, is especially in communications and transportation safety check monitoring field, radioactive source carrier Do not stopping to move.
To sum up, it is badly in need of being accurately positioned unknown movable radiation source and researching and developing from motion tracking, realizes anticipation radiation in advance Classification, position and the intensity in source, avoid producing riot in important places such as communications and transportation gateway, convention, important sports events, Radioactive source is effectively supervised, maintain safe public order.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, it is an object of the invention to provide the radioactive source locating and tracking side based on scintillator detector Method, mainly solve not realizing that being accurately positioned and tracking for mobile unknown radioactive source, and positioning miss present in prior art The problems such as difference is larger.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
Radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector, comprises the following steps:
The first step, at least four inorganic scintillator or organic flicker are distributed using discrete way in two dimension or three dimensions The scintillator detector of body, and using in space arbitrfary point as former base on schedule, establish scintillator detector cartesian coordinate.
Specifically, the former base for choosing the space coordinates on schedule, determines that all scintillators detect using DSMC The equivalent sensing point of device, obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of scintillator detector equivalent position.
Second step, efficiency calibration is carried out to scintillator detector using standard source, due to the nuance of manufacturing process, often The efficiency of individual scintillator detector is not quite similar, and therefore, need to carry out normalization to the efficiency of scintillator detector, make all sudden strains of a muscle Bright bulk detector to same radioactive source identical measurement distance net counting rate CiIt is identical, wherein, standard source frequently with241Am 、137Cs and40K.The relation of scintillator detector efficiency f and measurement angle is demarcated, its expression formula is:
F=b4×A4+b3×A3+b2×A2+b1×A+b ①
Wherein, b, b1、b2、b3、b4For efficiency calibration coefficient, A is surface normal direction and radioactive source before scintillator detector With the angle of centre of surface line before detector;
3rd step, measure the background counting rate C in space residing for scintillator detector0
4th step, scintillator detector carries out counting rate C collections at interval of time t, according to net counting rate CiFormula:Ci= C-C0, calculate the net counting rate C for obtaining all scintillator detectors in the spacei, judge the net meter of any scintillator detector Digit rate CiWith default detection limit ATNumerical relation, if net counting rate CiMore than detection limit AT, then into the 5th step, otherwise Continue cycling through the 4th step.Take into full account the fluctuation of scintillator detector counting rate, the workload of industrial computer calculating and radioactive source tracking The factor such as continuity, scintillator detector typically at interval of 50~1000ms collections once.
5th step, according to net counting rate CiSeeking radioactive source, i-th of scintillator detector is with putting in the three-dimensional coordinate in the space Penetrate source distance RiWith net counting rate CiRelational expression is:
Wherein, k is proportionality coefficient;
The distance R of radioactive source and i-th of scintillator detectoriThree-dimensional computations expression formula be:
Wherein, x, y, z be radioactive source three-dimensional coordinate, xi、yi、ziFor the three-dimensional coordinate of i-th of scintillator detector;
The scintillator detector of 4 and the above is installed in the area of space, establishes i on distance RiWithout constraint Optimization method, the optimal solution of unconstrained optimization equation is tried to achieve according to Nelder-Mead simplex method, utilizes optimal solution and scintillator The relation of detector efficiency and measurement angle is 1. to net counting rate CiIt is modified, that is, is normalized to same angle, then using repaiies 2., by expression formula 3. net counting rate solution formula after just tries to achieve the accurate three-dimensional space position of the radioactive source.Scintillator detects Device gathers a net counting rate C at interval of time ti, by the three-dimensional coordinate in multi collect located irradiation source, obtain the radioactive source Continuous motion track point, realizes the tracking of the space internal source.Because acquisition time is shorter, the company of radioactive source just can be formed Continuous position, consequently, it is possible to which the mobile route of the region internal source can be monitored in real time, the response time is provided for security control With the safeguard of emergency processing.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) present invention dexterously installed in the range of two dimension or three-dimensional certain space using discrete way 4 and more than Scintillator detector, by net counting rate and radioactive source and the relation of scintillator detector distance, and combine scintillator and detect The amendment of device search angle efficiency, realizes being accurately positioned for radioactive source.Moreover, continuous probe is carried out within the evenly spaced time, The motion track tracking of radioactive source is formed, consequently, it is possible to where the position of radioactive source just can be monitored in real time, is radiated for important place Source supervision monitoring provides safeguard.It was verified that the present invention is applied to the weight such as communications and transportation gateway, convention, important sports events Want place.
(2) in addition, the present invention is by setting scintillator detector detection limit, only any one scintillator detector is net Counting rate is more than detection limit, then carries out radioactive source locating and tracking, can effectively avoid because radiation intensity is weaker, it is impossible to trigger institute There is the problem of detector detection limit, realize the purpose to also can effectively be detected compared with low emission source.Moreover, using organic or inorganic Scintillator detector has the characteristics that detection efficient is high, resolving time is short, easy to use, applicability is wide, suitable for unknown radiation The identification and monitoring in source.
(3) scintillator detector detection time interval of the invention is preferably provided with 50~1000ms, both can guarantee that radioactive source Continuous probe positioning, realize radioactive source motion track tracking, and can matching radioactive source positioning industrial computer amount of calculation, So that locating and tracking computing is more smooth.
(4) the reasonably numerical solution using Nelder-Mead simplex method to linear planning problem of the invention, one Aspect carries out advance value without comparative example coefficient, just can solve the three-dimensional unconstrained optimization being made up of scintillator detector distance Problem, still further aspect, the optimal solution for solving acquisition can be used for net counting rate amendment, and then, obtain the accurate of the radioactive source Three-dimensional space position.
(5) moreover, the present invention to each scintillator detector by carrying out efficiency calibration, and measures each scintillator The background counting rate of detector, in computing is gathered, the influence of scintillator detector radix itself is deducted, is exempted in detection process External environmental interference, can so improve radioactive source positioning accurate precision.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the positioning flow figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention include but is not limited to The following example.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides the radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector, to ensure that port is navigated Stand, convention, the civil order of the important area such as important sports events, realize that radioactive source is effectively supervised.The present embodiment is only with three-dimensional Illustrated in space exemplified by 6 NaI (T1) scintillator detectors of setting, other, which are set, is more than or equal to 4 organic or inorganics sudden strains of a muscle The situation of bright bulk detector is identical with the process of the present embodiment, will not be described here.
Selected in three dimensions and be a little used as cartesian coordinate system benchmark origin, wherein, 6 scintillator detectors etc. Imitate three-dimensional location coordinates such as table 1:
The scintillator detector three-dimensional equivalent coordinate of table 1
With241Am standard sources are carried out exemplified by scintillator detector efficiency calibration so that each scintillator detector is equidistant Under the conditions of the net counting rate C that measuresiIt is equal, reduce because the nuance of manufacturing process causes result of detection error to be present.Effect Rate scale is to determine the mark of the efficiency of radiation detectors record incoming particle, a series of known nucleic classifications of generally use and activity The quasi- direct scale of radioactive source, monte carlo method can also be used and carry out computer scale, its efficiency calibration is existing mature technology.
The relation of 1~No. 6 scintillator detector efficiency f and measurement angle is demarcated, its expression formula is:
F=b4×A4+b3×A3+b2×A2+b1×A+b ①
Wherein, A is surface normal direction and the folder of centre of surface line before radioactive source and detector before scintillator detector Angle, the position (x, y, z) of radioactive source is calculated first, radioactive source is in x-y plane and the distance of each detector:
If z > zi, then,If z < zi, thenAt this In embodiment the included angle A of 1~No. 6 scintillator detector be respectively 94.56 °, 94.25 °, 19.47 °, 93.28 °, 22.98 °, 93.37°.Efficiency calibration coefficient b, b1、b2、b3、b4Respectively value be 0.99764, -0.00108,5.4095E-4, - 1.13584E-5、6.22842E-8。
Under conditions of without radioactive source, the background counting rate residing for measurement 6 scintillator detectors of collection in three dimensions C0, generally, the background counting rate C of scintillator detector0It is to be gathered 3~5 times using interval 100s, seeks scintillator detector each Average value, the background counting rate C of 1~No. 6 scintillator detector0Respectively 678,664,702,690,681,698.Setting is every The detection limit value (i.e. net counting rate) 280 of individual scintillator detector, scintillator detector is once counted at interval of 300ms Rate gathers.Radioactive source is placed in arbitrfary point in the three dimensions, now, C points of the counting rate of 1~No. 6 scintillator detector detection Not Wei 4944,4523,3370,3326,3041,3071, the net counting rate C of 1~No. 6 scintillator detectoriRespectively 4266, 3859、2668、2636、2360、2373.The net counting rate C of i.e. 1~No. 6 scintillator detectoriIt is all higher than detection limit.
Utilize the net counting rate C of 1~No. 6 scintillator detectoriRadioactive source is sought in the three-dimensional coordinate in the space, i-th of sudden strain of a muscle Bright bulk detector and radioactive source distance RiWith net counting rate CiRelational expression is:
Wherein, the distance R of radioactive source and i-th of scintillator detectoriThree-dimensional computations expression formula be:
6 scintillator detector is installed in the area of space, establishes 6 distance RiUnconstrained optimization equation, according to Nelder-Mead simplex method tries to achieve the optimal solution of the equation, utilizes optimal solution and scintillator detector efficiency and measurement angle Relation 1. to net counting rate CiIt is modified, that is, is normalized to same angle, is then solved using revised net counting rate public 3., by expression formula 4. it is (0.62,1.75,0.74) that formula tries to achieve the accurate three-dimensional space position of the radioactive source.At interval of 300ms weights The net counting rate of second mining collection scintillator detector, is positioned repeatedly, and the three-dimensional position of a radioactive source is obtained at interval of 300ms Coordinate, the point of all positioning of the radioactive source is sequentially connected be the radioactive source motion track point.
The present invention fully takes into account the fluctuation of scintillator detector counting rate, carries out the amount of calculation of data operation industrial computer And the continuity to radioactive source tracking, scintillator detector acquisition time is generally 50~1000ms, through experimental verification repeatedly, It is optimal when acquisition time is 300ms, the tracking effect of radioactive source is optimal.The present invention is applied to position unknown radioactive source Tracking, in public domains such as harbour, aviation and stations, effect, which highlights, becomes apparent, and enters in radioactive source carrier in the region just The radioactive source can be accurately positioned, technical support is provided for safety manager's timely processing.The present invention is cleverly equal using interval The even time is acquired computing, obtains continuous motion track, is security control consequently, it is possible to which its following function just can be played Provide the safeguard of response time and emergency processing.In summary, the present invention has accurate positioning, calculating easy, applicable The advantages that scope is wide, compared with prior art, there are prominent substantive distinguishing features and significant progress, have in nuclear technology field Wide market prospects.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limiting the scope of the invention, as long as using The design principle of the present invention, and the change for carrying out non-creativeness work on this basis and making, all should belong to the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (4)

1. the radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step P01, at least four scintillator detector is distributed using discrete way in two dimension or three dimensions, and with space Scintillator detector cartesian coordinate on schedule, is established in arbitrfary point as former base;
Step P02, efficiency calibration is carried out to scintillator detector using standard source, and demarcate scintillator detector efficiency f with surveying The relation of measuring angle, its expression formula are:
F=b4×A4+b3×A3+b2×A2+b1×A+b
Normalization is carried out to the efficiency of scintillator detector, makes all scintillator detectors in the net count of equal range measurement Rate CiIdentical, i is scintillator detector number;
Step P03, measure the background counting rate C in space residing for scintillator detector0
Step P04, scintillator detector carries out counting rate C collections at interval of time t, according to net counting rate CiFormula:
Ci=C-C0
Calculate the net counting rate C for obtaining all scintillator detectors in the spacei, judge the net meter of any scintillator detector Digit rate CiWith default detection limit ATNumerical relation, if net counting rate CiMore than detection limit AT, then into step P05, otherwise Continue cycling through step P04;
Step P05, according to scintillator detector and radioactive source distance RiQuadratic sum net counting rate CiInversely, its relation Formula is:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>k</mi> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mfrac> </mrow>
Wherein, k is proportionality coefficient;
I distance R are formed by scintillator detectoriUnconstrained optimization equation, the party is tried to achieve according to Nelder-Mead simplex method The optimal solution of journey, utilize the relation pair net counting rate C of optimal solution and scintillator detector efficiency and measurement angleiIt is modified, The current three-dimensional space position of the radioactive source is tried to achieve according to revised net counting rate;
Step P06, repeat step P04 try to achieve a series of radioactive source real-time three-dimensional locus to step P05, and by these Radioactive source real-time three-dimensional locus forms radioactive source motion track point.
2. the radioactive source positioning and tracing method according to claim 1 based on scintillator detector, it is characterised in that described In step P01, choose the former bases of the space coordinates on schedule, using DSMC determine any scintillator detector etc. Sensing point is imitated, obtains the three-dimensional coordinate of scintillator detector equivalent position.
3. the radioactive source positioning and tracing method according to claim 1 based on scintillator detector, it is characterised in that described Interval time t is 50~1000ms.
4. the radioactive source positioning and tracing method based on scintillator detector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, its feature It is, the scintillator detector is one of inorganic scintillator, organic scintillator.
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CN109655875A (en) * 2019-01-02 2019-04-19 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 Weak Signal Source localization method based on four sensors
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109490939A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-03-19 南京航空航天大学 A kind of radioactive source localization method applied to small drone
CN109655875A (en) * 2019-01-02 2019-04-19 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 Weak Signal Source localization method based on four sensors
CN109709515A (en) * 2019-01-02 2019-05-03 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 A kind of source localization method based on three sensors
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CN113835111A (en) * 2021-11-26 2021-12-24 常州微亿智造科技有限公司 Unmanned aerial vehicle-based radioactive source positioning method and device

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