CN107883370A - A kind of vertical steam superheater - Google Patents
A kind of vertical steam superheater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107883370A CN107883370A CN201610870792.7A CN201610870792A CN107883370A CN 107883370 A CN107883370 A CN 107883370A CN 201610870792 A CN201610870792 A CN 201610870792A CN 107883370 A CN107883370 A CN 107883370A
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- Prior art keywords
- tube
- side housing
- heat exchanger
- steam
- exchanger channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G3/00—Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details of component parts thereof
- F22G3/004—Steam tubes with steam flowing in opposite directions in one pipe, e.g. Field tubes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vertical steam superheater.It is vertically installed with central tube (6), inner sleeve (7) and outer sleeve (8) from inside to outside in the inner chamber of shell side housing (1).Inner side heat exchanger channels (9) are formed between central tube and inner sleeve, outside heat exchanger channels (10) are formed between inner sleeve and outer sleeve, flow channel is formed between outer sleeve and shell side housing.The main body of U-tube entrance pipeline section (31) is located in the heat exchanger channels of outside, and the main body that U-tube returns to pipeline section (32) is located in the heat exchanger channels of inner side.The bottom of central tube is connected with process gas air inlet pipe (15), and shell side housing is provided with process gas outlet pipe (16).Tube side housing (2) is provided with steam inlet tube (17).Steam chest (12) is provided with the middle part of tube sheet (5) in the inner chamber of tube side housing, steam chest is provided with superheated steam outlet.Present invention is mainly used in petroleum refining and chemical industry, to produce high-temperature high-pressure overheat steam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vertical steam superheater used in petroleum refining and chemical industry.
Background technology
In petroleum refining and chemical industry, frequently with (vertical or horizontal) the recovery hot process gases of steam superheater
The waste heat of (such as hydrocarbon gas), produce superheated steam (steam refers to water vapour);Superheated steam can be used for generating electricity or conduct
Process unit power gas source.It is higher to the reliability and security requirement of steam superheater due to rigorous service condition.It is existing
Steam superheater is typically using conventional U-tube heat exchanger, provided with shell side housing, tube side housing, tube sheet, more single u-shaped pipes.Tube side
Dividing plate is provided with the inner chamber of housing;Tube sheet is global facility with tube side housing, and tube sheet is located between shell side housing and tube side housing.
U-tube is in the inner chamber of shell side housing;U-tube entrance is connected with the U-tube intake section (semicircle) of tube sheet, and U-tube goes out
Mouth is connected with the U-tube exit portion (semicircle) of tube sheet.Tube side medium is process gas, and shell side medium is steam.Tube side shell
The inwall of body generally sets insulating lining, and the inwall of shell side housing is not provided with insulating lining because being contacted with steam.Above-mentioned steaming
When vapour superheater operates under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions (refer to the temperature of superheated steam obtained after heat exchange more than 500 DEG C, pressure exists
More than 10MPa, before heat exchange the temperature of process gas more than 600 DEG C, pressure is in more than 1MPa), there is problems with:(1)
Because the process gas before the superheated steam obtained after heat exchange and heat exchange is respectively in the inner chamber of shell side housing and tube side housing, institute
Needing to manufacture using resistant to elevated temperatures high-strength steel material (such as 2.25CrMoV) with shell side housing, wall thickness is typically larger than 300 millimeters,
So as to need to be manufactured with forging method.Tube side housing can generally use common low-alloy steel (such as Q345R) sheet material to manufacture.
Because the size of shell side housing is much larger than the size of tube side housing, the cost of steam superheater is mainly the cost by shell side housing
Determine, therefore the cost of above-mentioned steam superheater is higher.(2) the U-tube intake section of tube sheet and the temperature of U-tube exit portion
Difference is larger (being typically larger than 200 DEG C), makes tube sheet along the line of demarcation (tube sheet perpendicular to U-tube intake section and U-tube exit portion
Diameter) direction to both sides expand.Tube sheet and tube sheet and the thermal stress of tube side housing junction are larger, it is prone to which intensity is broken
It is bad.The problem of more also unrelated with HTHP operation, is, in the inner chamber of shell side housing, steam and the technique in U-tube
Gas is not to carry out pure countercurrent flow, and heat transfer effect is not ideal enough.Steam after heat exchange contacted sometimes with the steam before heat exchange into
Row exchanges heat again, can cause heat loss.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of vertical steam superheater, to solve existing steam superheater in HTHP
Under the conditions of existing when operating make the cost of steam superheater because needing to use high-strength steel material forging manufacture shell side housing
The thermal stress of higher, tube sheet and tube sheet and tube side housing junction is larger and the problem of be prone to strength failure, Yi Ji
Steam is not to carry out pure countercurrent flow and make heat transfer effect not ideal enough with the process gas in U-tube in the inner chamber of shell side housing
The problems such as.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of vertical steam superheater, provided with shell side shell
Body, tube side housing, tube sheet and U-tube, tube sheet and tube side housing be global facility, tube sheet located at shell side housing and tube side housing it
Between, in the inner chamber of shell side housing, U-tube entrance and exit is connected U-tube with tube sheet, U-tube entrance and tube side housing
Inner chamber communicates, it is characterised in that:Central tube, inner sleeve and outer sleeve are vertically installed with the inner chamber of shell side housing from inside to outside,
The top of inner sleeve is connected with tube sheet, and interior end socket, central tube and inner sleeve are provided between the bottom of outer sleeve and the bottom of central tube
Inner side heat exchanger channels are formed between cylinder, form outside heat exchanger channels between inner sleeve and outer sleeve, outer sleeve and shell side housing it
Between form flow channel, the top of central tube at the top of the heat exchanger channels of inner side with communicating, the bottom and outside of inner side heat exchanger channels
The bottom of heat exchanger channels communicates, and the top of outside heat exchanger channels at the top of flow channel with communicating, the bottom of flow channel and shell
The bottom of journey housing cavity communicates, and the main body of U-tube entrance pipeline section is located in the heat exchanger channels of outside, and U-tube returns to the master of pipeline section
Body is located in the heat exchanger channels of inner side, and the bottom of central tube is connected with process gas air inlet pipe, and is provided with regulating valve, on shell side housing
Provided with process gas outlet pipe, tube side housing is provided with steam inlet tube, in the inner chamber of tube side housing, is provided with the middle part of tube sheet
Steam chest, U-tube outlet communicate with steam chest, and steam chest is provided with superheated steam outlet, towards the outside of tube side housing.
Using the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:(1) in operating process, tube side medium is steam, shell side medium is
Process gas.Process gas before heat exchange enters central tube, then in inner side heat exchanger channels and outside heat exchanger channels with U-tube
Steam heat-exchanging, do not contacted with shell side housing;Process gas only after the relatively low heat exchange of temperature just contacts with shell side housing.Separately
On the one hand, the steam after heat exchange enters steam chest, then is discharged by superheated steam outlet, is not contacted with tube side housing;Only
Steam before the relatively low heat exchange of temperature just contacts with tube side housing.Therefore, shell side housing and tube side housing all only need to use general
Logical low-alloy steel can manufacture.The wall thickness of shell side housing is typically not greater than 50 millimeters, and the wall thickness of tube side housing is typically not greater than
200 millimeters, it can be manufactured using sheet material, it is not necessary to using forging;Shell side inner walls are not necessarily prevent under normal operation
Contacted with process gas and insulating lining is set, tube side inner walls are not provided with insulating lining because being contacted with steam.The present invention
Relative to the increased central tube of existing steam superheater institute, inner sleeve, outer sleeve, interior end socket, process gas air inlet pipe, steam chest
Housing, the part such as superheated steam outlet, because the pressure difference born is smaller, it is possible to use stainless steel materials or tubing system
Make;Its thinner thickness (typically not greater than 20 millimeters), weight are smaller, make material and the overall expenses of manufacture relatively low.Even if need
In the surface of some parts coating insulating moulding coating (explanation for referring to description of the invention specific embodiment part), expense is also
Relatively low.Factors above, make the cost of vertical steam superheater of the present invention relatively low.(2) it is U in the middle part of the tube sheet where steam chest
Type pipe exit portion, temperature are higher, around U-tube exit portion tube sheet remainder for U-tube intake section, temperature compared with
It is low.Although the two-part temperature difference is larger, because tube sheet temperature radially radially reduces, tube sheet edge on 360 degree of directions
Radially uniform expansion, so as to be effectively reduced tube sheet and tube sheet and the thermal stress of tube side housing junction, avoid occurring
Strength failure, ensure vertical steam Safety of Superheater, reliably run.(3) steam in U-tube entrance pipeline section exchanges heat with outside
Process gas, U-tube in passage return to the steam in pipeline section and the process gas in the heat exchanger channels of inner side, are that progress is pure inverse
Stream heat exchange, heat transfer effect are more satisfactory.(4) steam enters U-tube by the inner chamber of tube side housing, flowing and and work in U-tube
Skill gas converting heat, the steam after heat exchange enter steam chest, are finally flowed out from superheated steam outlet.Therefore, the steam after heat exchange
Do not exchanged heat again with the steam before heat exchange, avoid heat loss.Process gas enters central tube from process gas air inlet pipe,
Inner side heat exchanger channels, outside heat exchanger channels are sequentially entered afterwards, are exchanged heat with the steam in U-tube.Process gas after heat exchange
Body enters flow channel, the bottom of shell side housing cavity, is finally flowed out from process gas outlet pipe.Therefore, the work in each passage
Skill gas does not exchange heat with the process gas in other passages or central tube, and process gas only carries out pure inverse with the steam in U-tube
Stream heat exchange, can realize high efficient heat exchanging.
Present invention is mainly used in petroleum refining and chemical industry, to produce high-temperature high-pressure overheat steam.
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.Accompanying drawing and specific embodiment party
Formula is not intended to limit the scope of protection of present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of vertical steam superheater of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is A-A sectional views (amplification) in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is B-B sectional views (amplification) in Fig. 1.
For Fig. 1 into Fig. 3, same reference numerals represent identical technical characteristic.Roundlet in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represents U-tube,
Tube side flange and shell flange not shown in Fig. 2, shell side inlet pipe, process gas air inlet pipe and process gas not shown in Fig. 3
The parts such as outlet.In Fig. 1, the flow direction of steam is represented with hollow arrow, filled arrows represent the flowing side of process gas
To.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, vertical steam superheater of the invention is provided with shell side housing 1, tube side housing 2, tube sheet 5
And U-tube, shell side housing 1, tube side housing 2 and the vertical setting of U-tube.Tube sheet 5 and tube side housing 2 be global facility (forging or
Welding), tube sheet 5 is located between shell side housing 1 and tube side housing 2.U-tube is in the inner chamber of shell side housing 1, U-tube entrance
It is connected with outlet with tube sheet 5, U-tube entrance communicates with the inner chamber of tube side housing 2.Hung down from inside to outside in the inner chamber of shell side housing 1
Central tube 6, inner sleeve 7 and outer sleeve 8 directly are provided with, central tube 6, inner sleeve 7 and outer sleeve 8 are coaxially disposed with shell side housing 1.
The top of inner sleeve 7 is connected with tube sheet 5, and interior end socket 4 is provided between the bottom of outer sleeve 8 and the bottom of central tube 6.Outer sleeve 8
Bottom be fixedly connected by several uniform support members 14 with shell side housing 1.
Inner side heat exchanger channels 9 are formed between central tube 6 and inner sleeve 7, outside is formed between inner sleeve 7 and outer sleeve 8 and is changed
The passage of heat 10, flow channel 11 is formed between outer sleeve 8 and shell side housing 1.The top of central tube 6 and inner side heat exchanger channels 9
Top communicates, and the bottom of inner side heat exchanger channels 9 communicates with the bottom of outside heat exchanger channels 10, the top of outside heat exchanger channels 10 with
The top of flow channel 11 communicates, and the bottom of flow channel 11 communicates with the bottom of the inner chamber of shell side housing 1.U-tube entrance pipeline section
31 main body (i.e. most of) is located in outside heat exchanger channels 10, and U-tube returns to the main body (i.e. most of) of pipeline section 32 positioned at interior
In side heat exchanger channels 9.
The bottom of central tube 6 is connected with process gas air inlet pipe 15, and is provided with regulating valve 23;The valve rod of regulating valve 23 is from shell
The bottom of journey housing 1 is stretched out.Regulating valve 23, which is used to adjust, enters central tube 6 and inner side heat exchanger channels 9 and outside heat exchanger channels
The flow of 10 process gas, whole heat transfer process is set steadily to carry out.Existing resistant to elevated temperatures regulating valve can be used in regulating valve 23,
Such as resistant to elevated temperatures plug valve.For the hot process gases and the inwall of shell side housing 1 for preventing regulating valve 23 from leakage occurs, leaking out
Lower contacts form localized hyperthermia, can set insulating lining in the bottom of the inwall of shell side housing 1.Insulating lining used in the present invention
It can be the insulating lining of the types such as the corundum of high temperature high voltage resistant.
As shown in figure 1, the bottom of shell side housing 1 is provided with shell side inlet pipe 150, process gas air inlet pipe 15 is from shell side inlet
Pipe 150 is passed through, and insulating lining is provided between two pipes.The bottom of shell side housing 1 is provided with process gas outlet pipe 16, and process gas goes out
The inwall of mouth pipe 16 is provided with insulating lining.
Tube side housing 2 is provided with steam inlet tube 17.In the inner chamber of tube side housing 2, steam chest is provided with the middle part of tube sheet 5
12, U-tube outlet communicates with steam chest 12.The top of steam chest 12 is provided with superheated steam outlet 13, towards tube side housing 2
It is outside.As shown in figure 1, tube side housing 2 is provided with tube side outlet 130, superheated steam outlet 13 is worn from tube side outlet 130
Cross, heat-insulating material (such as ceramic fibre rope of high temperature high voltage resistant) is provided between two pipes.
The bottom of shell side housing 1 is provided with shell side manhole 21, and the top of tube side housing 2 is provided with tube side manhole 20, in order to people
Member enters shell side housing 1 and the inner chamber of tube side housing 2 is checked, repaired.The top of shell side housing 1 and the bottom of tube side housing 2
Portion is connected by shell flange 18 and tube side flange 19.Tube sheet 5 and tube side housing 2 are global facility, can bear the work of steam
With, and it is easy to the installation of U-tube and other shell side inner members.Tube sheet 5 is extended outward into a doughnut portions, can conduct
Tube side flange 19.
Shell side housing 1, tube side housing 2, U-tube, central tube 6, inner sleeve 7, outer sleeve 8, process gas air inlet pipe 15, shell
Journey inlet tube 150, process gas outlet pipe 16, steam inlet tube 17, superheated steam outlet 13, the horizontal stroke of tube side outlet 130
Cross sectional shape is circle, and inner side heat exchanger channels 9, outside heat exchanger channels 10, the shape of cross section of flow channel 11 are annulus
Shape, tube sheet 5 are shaped as circle.The shape of interior end socket 4 can be inverted circular conical surface shape (as shown in Figure 1) or fall
The hemisphere face shape put (figure omits).The housing of steam chest 12 is by the cylindrical drum of bottom and the circular conical surface on top shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
Shape cylinder forms, and they are generally coaxially disposed with tube side housing 2.Shell side housing 1 is typically to be coaxially disposed with tube side housing 2.
According to steam and the size of process gas heat exchange amount, vertical steam superheater can set tens to hundreds of
U-tube.Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a kind of scheme of the invention is that the U-tube of same specification is around the axle center of shell side housing 1
Line is uniformly arranged, forms one group of U-tube.In one group of U-tube, U-tube entrance is located at the U-tube intake section (annulus of tube sheet
Shape), a stringing coaxial with the axial line of shell side housing 1 circle on, U-tube outlet positioned at tube sheet U-tube exit portion (circle
Shape), with the axial line of shell side housing 1 it is coaxial another stringing circle on.U-tube entrance and U-tube in difference group U-tube go out
Mouthful, respectively on multiple stringings identical positioned at the center of circle but different radius circle.
Central tube 6, inner sleeve 7, outer sleeve 8, interior end socket 4, process gas air inlet pipe 15, the housing of steam chest 12 and overheat
Insulating moulding coating is coated with the surface of steam outlet pipe 13, can be with one side coating or double-coated.Insulating moulding coating resistance to should be able to exchange heat
Front and rear steam or the temperature of process gas, such as phosphate aluminium paint.
For enhanced heat exchange effect, deflection plate 22, baffling are preferably equipped with inner side heat exchanger channels 9 and outside heat exchanger channels 10
Plate 22 can use various conventional deflection plates.Deflection plate 22 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is the annular folding with outer toroid breach
Flowing plate and the annular deflection plate with interior annular breach, in inner side heat exchanger channels 9 and outside heat exchanger channels 10 alternatively up and down
Set.U-tube entrance pipeline section 31 and U-tube return to pipeline section 32 and passed through from the perforate on deflection plate 22.
Central tube 6, inner sleeve 7, outer sleeve 8, interior end socket 4, process gas air inlet pipe 15, the housing of steam chest 12, overheat
The parts such as steam outlet pipe 13, deflection plate 22, manufactured usually using stainless steel (such as austenitic stainless steel) sheet material or tubing.This
The wall thickness of a little parts is generally 6~20 millimeters.
Shell side housing 1 and tube side housing 2 manufacture usually using common low-alloy steel (such as Q345R) sheet material.Shell side shell
The wall thickness of body 1 is usually no more than 50 millimeters, and the wall thickness of tube side housing 2 is usually no more than 200 millimeters.The material of U-tube and tube sheet 5
With the material and wall of U-tube and tube sheet used in wall thickness and the existing vertical steam superheater operated under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions
It is thick essentially identical.
The vertical steam superheater of the present invention can use skirt or ear mount vertical support (figure omits).In addition to explanation,
Connection between each part, which generally uses, to be welded to connect.
Illustrate the operating process of vertical steam superheater of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Steam 24 enters from steam inlet tube 17
Enter the inner chamber of tube side housing 2, then enter U-tube from U-tube entrance, flowed in U-tube.Process gas 25 enters from process gas
Tracheae 15, regulating valve 23 enter the bottom of central tube 6, are flowed up in central tube 6, then are flowed out from the top of central tube 6, from
The top of inner side heat exchanger channels 9 enters inner side heat exchanger channels 9.Exchanged heat into the process gas in inner side heat exchanger channels 9 in inner side
Flowed downward in passage 9, pure countercurrent flow (as shown in Figure 1) is carried out with returning to the steam flowed up in pipeline section 32 in U-tube.
Process gas after being exchanged heat in inner side heat exchanger channels 9 flows out from the bottom of inner side heat exchanger channels 9, from outside heat exchanger channels 10
Bottom enters outside heat exchanger channels 10.Into the process gas in outside heat exchanger channels 10 in outside heat exchanger channels 10 to upstream
It is dynamic, carry out pure countercurrent flow (as shown in Figure 1) with the steam to be flowed downward in U-tube entrance pipeline section 31.In outside, heat exchange is logical
Process gas after being exchanged heat in road 10 flows out from the top of outside heat exchanger channels 10, and it is logical to enter flowing from the top of flow channel 11
Road 11.Flow downward in flow channel 11 into the process gas in flow channel 11, enter from the bottom of flow channel 11
The bottom of the inner chamber of shell side housing 1, finally flows out from process gas outlet pipe 16.Steaming after being exchanged heat in U-tube with process gas
Vapour turns into superheated steam, exports and flows out from U-tube, into steam chest 12, is finally flowed out from superheated steam outlet 13.In Fig. 1,
Reference 240 represents the superheated steam obtained after heat exchange, and reference 250 represents the process gas after heat exchange.
In above-mentioned operating process, the temperature of steam 24 is generally 300~350 DEG C in steam inlet tube 17, pressure one
As be 10~15MPa;The temperature of superheated steam 240 is generally 500~600 DEG C in superheated steam outlet 13, and pressure is generally
10~15MPa;The temperature of process gas 25 is generally 600~900 DEG C in process gas air inlet pipe 15, and pressure is generally 1~
5MPa;The temperature of process gas 250 is generally 300~450 DEG C after being exchanged heat in process gas outlet pipe 16, and pressure is generally 1~
5MPa.The pressure that the present invention mentions is gauge pressure.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of vertical steam superheater, provided with shell side housing (1), tube side housing (2), tube sheet (5) and U-tube, tube sheet (5) with
Tube side housing (2) is global facility, and tube sheet (5) is located between shell side housing (1) and tube side housing (2), and U-tube is located at shell side shell
In the inner chamber of body (1), U-tube entrance and exit is connected with tube sheet (5), and U-tube entrance communicates with the inner chamber of tube side housing (2),
It is characterized in that:Central tube (6), inner sleeve (7) and outer sleeve are vertically installed with the inner chamber of shell side housing (1) from inside to outside
(8), the top of inner sleeve (7) is connected with tube sheet (5), and interior envelope is provided between the bottom of outer sleeve (8) and the bottom of central tube (6)
Head (4), inner side heat exchanger channels (9), shape between inner sleeve (7) and outer sleeve (8) are formed between central tube (6) and inner sleeve (7)
Into outside heat exchanger channels (10), flow channel (11), the top of central tube (6) are formed between outer sleeve (8) and shell side housing (1)
Communicated with the top of inner side heat exchanger channels (9), the bottom of inner side heat exchanger channels (9) and the bottom phase of outside heat exchanger channels (10)
Logical, the top of outside heat exchanger channels (10) at the top of flow channel (11) with communicating, bottom and the shell side shell of flow channel (11)
The bottom of body (1) inner chamber communicates, and the main body of U-tube entrance pipeline section (31) is located in outside heat exchanger channels (10), U-tube recurrent canal
The main body of section (32) is located in inner side heat exchanger channels (9), and the bottom of central tube (6) is connected with process gas air inlet pipe (15), and
Provided with regulating valve (23), shell side housing (1) is provided with process gas outlet pipe (16), and tube side housing (2) is provided with steam inlet
Manage (17), in the inner chamber of tube side housing (2), steam chest (12), U-tube outlet and steam chest are provided with the middle part of tube sheet (5)
(12) communicate, steam chest (12) is provided with superheated steam outlet (13), towards the outside of tube side housing (2).
2. vertical steam superheater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Central tube (6), inner sleeve (7), outer sleeve
(8), on the surface of interior end socket (4), process gas air inlet pipe (15), the housing of steam chest (12) and superheated steam outlet (13)
Coated with insulating moulding coating.
3. vertical steam superheater according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:Inner side heat exchanger channels (9) and outside are changed
The passage of heat is equipped with deflection plate 22 in (10).
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CN201610870792.7A CN107883370A (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | A kind of vertical steam superheater |
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CN201610870792.7A CN107883370A (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | A kind of vertical steam superheater |
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2016
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CN202869313U (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2013-04-10 | 江苏中圣园科技股份有限公司 | Novel air heat exchanger for annular sleeve kiln |
CN103925591A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-16 | 中国石化工程建设有限公司 | Winding pipe steam superheater for methanation unit |
CN104534453A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-22 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Cold wall type high-temperature and high-pressure superheater |
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