CN107881412B - Lightweight aluminum-clad plate strip and production method thereof - Google Patents
Lightweight aluminum-clad plate strip and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107881412B CN107881412B CN201610874400.4A CN201610874400A CN107881412B CN 107881412 B CN107881412 B CN 107881412B CN 201610874400 A CN201610874400 A CN 201610874400A CN 107881412 B CN107881412 B CN 107881412B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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Abstract
A light-weight aluminum-clad plate strip and a production method thereof are of an aluminum strip and steel strip composite structure, and the steel strip comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.04-0.08%, Si is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.005%, Mn: 0.9-1.8%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, Al is less than or equal to 0.005%, N: 0.0062-0.02%, O: 0.006-0.05%, Ca: 0.002-0.004%, Ti: 0.01-0.03%, Nb: 0.01-0.03%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; meanwhile, O + N is more than or equal to 0.013%, and (O + N)/(P + S) is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 5. The aluminum-clad plate strip has the yield strength of more than 400MPa, the tensile strength of 500-800MPa and the elongation A50 of more than 18 percent, has the properties of steel strength, good plasticity, cold bending, stamping processing and the like, has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, heat dissipation and attractiveness of aluminum, can be used for producing radiators, sheets and wheels, and can realize light weight design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lightweight aluminum clad plate strip and a production method thereof, the aluminum clad plate strip has the strength of steel, has good corrosion resistance and heat dissipation effects and excellent cold stamping performance, can be used for manufacturing wheels, radiator parts and corrosion-resistant box bodies, and belongs to the field of low alloy steel manufacturing.
Background
With the development of technology and economy, the performance requirements on metal materials are higher and higher, and the metal materials with single composition are often difficult to meet the requirements of multi-aspect performance in the actual use process. The composite board is made of two or more metal materials by various different processes, and can meet the special comprehensive performance requirements. The aluminum-clad steel is a composite plate strip which is formed by cladding an aluminum film on the surface of strip steel by rolling at room temperature to form a surface of aluminum and a core layer of steel, has the strength of the existing steel, has the characteristics of good heat dissipation, corrosion resistance, light weight and attractive appearance of the aluminum, particularly greatly reduces the cost, and is widely applied to the fields of household electrical panels, heat dissipation parts, decoration and the like.
Automotive wheels also have heat dissipation problems. The friction between the wheel and the ground during the running process causes heat generation, meanwhile, the tyre of the wheel is subjected to periodic deformation during the running process, and the gas in the tyre is subjected to an expansion-compression process continuously, so that the temperature of the wheel is increased. Chinese patent publication No. CN104451401A discloses "a wheel steel for wheels and a method for preparing the same", which introduces a steel plate for wheels with different strength grades, but does not solve the problem of heat dissipation of the wheels.
In order to solve the heat dissipation problem of the wheel, a plurality of patents adopt materials with better heat conductivity to manufacture the wheel. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN2456929Y discloses an aluminum-steel composite wheel for buses and trucks, which adopts a steel-aluminum composite method to improve the heat dissipation performance of the wheel, wherein the wheel disc is made of aluminum and the wheel rim is made of steel.
The composite material prepared by compounding the aluminum material with good heat dissipation performance and the steel at room temperature has the strength of the steel, has the characteristics of good aluminum heat dissipation performance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing structural members which have heat dissipation requirements and require certain strength.
Chinese patent publication No. CN101748853A discloses an aluminum steel/aluminum steel aluminum composite metal plate and a manufacturing method thereof, which realizes the compounding of steel and aluminum by adopting an adhesive and has low composite strength.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102019727 discloses an aluminum-coated steel strip for a cooler, a preparation method thereof and a steel strip and an aluminum alloy strip used by the aluminum-coated steel strip, which mainly relate to an aluminum-coated steel strip for heat dissipation and a substrate used by the aluminum-coated steel strip, but have lower strength and can not be used for producing structural members bearing certain loads.
Further, "Cu/Al clad material with high strength and interfacial reliability and the method for manufacturing the same" disclosed in korean patent No. KR101362328(B1) also relates to the manufacturing process of the copper-aluminum composite strip, and does not include the composition properties of the substrate used, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightweight aluminum clad plate strip and a production method thereof, wherein the aluminum clad plate strip has the yield strength of more than 400MPa, the tensile strength of 500-800MPa and the elongation A50% of more than 18%, has the properties of steel strength, good plasticity, cold bending, stamping processing and the like, has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, heat dissipation and attractive appearance of aluminum, and can be used for producing radiators, sheets and wheels. The strength of the aluminum clad plate strip is greatly improved compared with that of common steel, so that the thickness can be effectively reduced, and the lightweight design is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the light-weight aluminum-clad plate strip is of an aluminum strip and steel strip composite structure, and the steel strip comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.04-0.08%, Si is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.005%, Mn: 0.9-1.8%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, Al is less than or equal to 0.005%, N: 0.0062-0.02%, O: 0.006-0.05%, Ca: 0.002-0.004%, Ti: 0.01-0.03%, Nb: 0.01-0.03%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; meanwhile, O + N is more than or equal to 0.013%, and (O + N)/(P + S) is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 5.
Preferably, the thickness of the aluminum layer in the aluminum-clad plate strip accounts for 0.5-15% of the total thickness, and the aluminum layer is a single layer positioned on the upper surface or the lower surface of the steel strip or a double layer positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the steel strip.
The yield strength of the aluminum clad plate strip is more than 400MPa, the tensile strength is 500-800MPa, and the elongation A50% is more than 18%.
The aluminum-clad plate strip is a steel-aluminum composite strip obtained by cladding an aluminum film on the surface of steel, and can be single-side aluminum-clad or double-layer aluminum-clad on the upper surface and the lower surface. The aluminum clad plate strip realizes the interface combination of steel and aluminum by rolling at room temperature, so the aluminum clad base plate used is required to have excellent plasticity, and the mechanical property of the aluminum clad base plate can meet the requirement of the steel for high-strength wheels. The steel for the aluminum-clad substrate is convenient for steel-aluminum cladding, and is required to have excellent plasticity and steel-aluminum interface bonding performance. The strict requirements on the control of the steel composition are required, and particularly in order to ensure good steel-aluminum interface bonding performance, the addition amount of certain alloy compositions must be limited, and meanwhile, the definite control requirements on the conventional alloy compositions are different from those of common steel grades. In the composition design of the steel of the invention:
c is a main strengthening element in steel and can obviously improve the strength of the steel plate, but more C is unfavorable for welding, toughness and plasticity of the steel plate. The low C design limits the formation of pearlite structures and other carbides, ensures that the microstructure of the steel is a uniform ferrite structure, and improves the extensibility of the steel. Therefore, the content is limited to 0.04 to 0.08%.
Si has higher solid solubility in steel, can increase the volume fraction of ferrite in the steel and refine grains, thereby being beneficial to improving the toughness and being a common deoxidizer. However, since too high a content causes a decrease in weldability and affects the interface bonding strength, the Si content is controlled to be 0.005%.
Mn has a strong solid solution strengthening effect, and simultaneously, the phase transformation temperature of steel is obviously reduced, the microstructure of the steel is refined, and the Mn is an important strengthening and toughening element, but the hardenability is increased due to the excessive content of Mn, so that the weldability and the toughness of a welding heat affected zone are deteriorated, and the content of Mn is controlled to be 0.9-1.8%.
P, S generally belongs to impurity elements in steel, but too high P content reduces toughness and plasticity of steel, and the presence of P is prone to segregation and S is prone to inclusion formation, which are both detrimental to fatigue properties of steel. Therefore, the steel grade design of the invention adopts extremely low S, P content, the control range is P less than or equal to 0.015, and S less than or equal to 0.005.
Al is generally added to steel as a deoxidizer in a steel making process. For conventional steel grades, trace Al is simultaneously beneficial to refining grains and improving the toughness of steel. However, Al element in steel is easily combined with N to form AlN, and the number of nitrides in steel is significantly increased. AlN, when present independently in the steel as a non-metallic inclusion, disrupts the continuity of the steel matrix. In particular, in the steel for an aluminum-clad substrate, the presence of Al is liable to promote the formation of a steel-aluminum interface compound, and is disadvantageous in the steel-aluminum interface bonding performance, so that the Al content is controlled to be 0.005% or less.
Ti can form TiN → Ti in the steel in sequence4C2S2→ TiS and TiC, free C, N atoms in the steel are eliminated, and the formed fine TiC and TiN particles have a grain boundary pinning effect, so that austenite grains in the reheating process of the plate blank are inhibited from growing large, the grain size is refined, the grain boundary strengthening effect is improved, and the toughness of the steel is improved. However, since a large amount of Ti lowers the elongation of the steel sheet and increases the cost, the content thereof is controlled to 0.01 to 0.03%.
Nb is a strong carbide forming element, formed fine carbide particles can refine the structure and generate precipitation strengthening effect, the strength of the steel plate is obviously improved, but more Nb is unfavorable for welding and can be selectively added, and the content is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.03%.
N is beneficial to improving the strength and the interface strength of steel and aluminum in steel, but too high N is unfavorable to the plasticity and toughness of steel, so that the composition is limited to 0.0062-0.02%.
Ca can be combined with S in steel, so that the purity of the steel is effectively improved, the content of inclusions is reduced, but the steel-making difficulty is increased by the higher content of Ca. Therefore, the range of the components is controlled to be 0.002-0.004%.
Oxygen (O) element can suppress adverse effects of Al element in steel on steel-aluminum interface bonding, so that it is required to appropriately add a certain content of O element. In the present invention, the contents of Si and Al are limited to extremely low ranges, so that the oxygen content in the steel is inevitably high. However, too high oxygen content is limited to 0.006-0.05% because it tends to form non-metallic inclusions, which are disadvantageous in fatigue properties, toughness, etc.
Further, the production method of the light-weight aluminum-clad plate strip comprises the steps of cleaning and polishing the composite surfaces of the aluminum strip and the steel strip, rolling at room temperature, annealing, finishing, straightening and trimming.
The surface cleaning in the production process comprises the steps of pickling, degreasing and drying which are necessary to remove the defects of oil stains, corrosion and the like on the surface of the substrate. The grinding is to increase the roughness of the clad surface and expose fresh base metal to improve the mechanical bonding strength. The grinding can be carried out by adopting a sand belt or a grinding wheel, and the grinding direction is parallel to the rolling direction. The aluminum strip can be polished in advance for use, and is preferably used within 24h, so that the surface of the polished aluminum strip is prevented from being oxidized again, and the interface bonding strength is further reduced.
When steel and aluminum are rolled at room temperature, the single-pass rolling deformation is required to be 50% -90%. When the deformation is too low, the deformation of the steel-aluminum interface is insufficient, and the mechanical bonding strength is too low; when the rolling deformation is too large, the interface bonding strength is reduced and even the interface is delaminated due to the overlarge shearing stress between the interfaces caused by the plasticity difference of steel and aluminum.
The annealing temperature after rolling is controlled between 400 ℃ and 550 ℃, and is determined according to the annealing mode and the size specification of the aluminum clad plate strip. The annealing aims at eliminating work hardening generated in the room temperature rolling process, improving the plasticity of the aluminum-coated material and reducing the strength, and simultaneously, steel-aluminum interface atoms are mutually diffused in the annealing process and are transited from mechanical bonding to metallurgical bonding in the rolling process, so that the interface bonding strength is further improved. Since the melting point of aluminum is about 640 ℃ (with fluctuation according to the content of other alloys in the aluminum), the annealing temperature is generally controlled to be 100-200 ℃ above the recrystallization temperature corresponding to the recrystallization temperature of about 250 ℃. When the annealing temperature is lower, the annealing time is greatly increased, the production efficiency is reduced, and the production cost is increased. And when the annealing temperature exceeds 550 ℃, the aluminum layer crystal grains on the surface of the aluminum-coated plate strip grow rapidly, the bonding strength of a steel-aluminum interface is reduced, and the problem of steel-aluminum delamination is easily caused.
The annealing time T of the aluminum clad plate strip is comprehensively determined according to the thickness h (mm) of the aluminum clad plate strip, the temperature T (DEG C) of an annealing furnace and the annealing mode. Annealing time t under the condition of continuous annealing and when the temperature of the annealing furnace is less than 500 DEG C0(min) satisfies: t is more than or equal to 600Not more than (h +1) x 30, wherein h is not less than 1 mm; when the annealing temperature T is more than or equal to 500 ℃, the annealing time T (min) is T0-5*(T-500)1/2. The heat preservation time during the cover annealing is determined by combining the size of the coil and the process parameters during the continuous annealing.
The aluminum clad plate strip produced by the process has the yield strength of over 400MPa, the tensile strength of 500-800MPa and the elongation rate of more than or equal to 18 percent, has good steel-aluminum interface bonding strength and cold bending, stamping and other properties, meets the processing and using requirements of subsequent production, and can be applied to the production of radiators, sheets and light wheels.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention relates to an aluminum clad plate strip with yield strength of over 400MPa, tensile strength of 500-800MPa, elongation of more than or equal to 18 percent and excellent plasticity.
2. The invention strictly controls the components of P, S, Si, Al and O, N in the substrate, and ensures that the substrate and the aluminum have good interface bonding characteristics.
3. The aluminum-clad plate strip produced by the method has excellent cold bending and stamping processing performances and is suitable for producing wheels.
4. The aluminum-clad plate strip has good heat dissipation performance, can be used for production of radiator fins and manufacture of light wheels, and solves the problem that the existing steel wheels are poor in heat dissipation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an aluminum-clad substrate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an aluminum-clad substrate according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
According to the chemical component requirements of the aluminum-clad substrate, steel strips 1 with different specifications and aluminum strips 2 with the thickness of 0.2mm are selected for single-layer compounding, and the aluminum-clad substrate is subjected to surface cleaning and polishing and then is rolled at room temperature, referring to a figure 1. The chemical components of the aluminum-clad substrate are shown in table 1, the aluminum-clad plate strip is subjected to cover annealing, the thickness of a finished product is 0.3-4mm, and the performance of the finished product is shown in table 2.
Example 2
According to the chemical composition requirements of the aluminum-clad substrate in the table 1, steel strips 1 with different specifications and aluminum strips 2 with the thickness of 0.2mm are selected for double-layer compounding, refer to a figure 2, and are subjected to surface cleaning and polishing and then are rolled at room temperature. The thickness of the finished product is 0.3-4mm, and the properties of the finished product are shown in Table 3.
The yield strength of the aluminum-clad steel plate strip obtained by the embodiment of the invention according to the design range of the steel type components and the rolling process control technology exceeds 400MPa, the tensile strength is 500-800MPa, the elongation is more than 18%, the steel-aluminum interface bonding performance is excellent, and the aluminum-clad steel plate strip has good cold bending and stamping processing performances. Can be applied to the manufacture of lightweight wheels, radiator components and box bodies with corrosion resistance requirements with heat dissipation requirements. And the material thickness can be properly reduced due to the high strength of the material, and the lightweight design is realized.
Table 1 example steel strip chemical composition (wt%) of clad aluminium strip
| Composition (I) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | O | N | Ti | Nb | Ca | (O+N)/P+S |
| A | 0.046 | 0.005 | 1.1 | 0.0121 | 0.0042 | 0.0011 | 0.0133 | 0.0075 | 0.017 | 0.013 | 0.0022 | 1.28 |
| B | 0.054 | 0.001 | 0.9 | 0.0148 | 0.0049 | 0.0009 | 0.0082 | 0.0064 | 0.013 | 0.018 | 0.0025 | 0.74 |
| C | 0.057 | 0.001 | 1.2 | 0.0138 | 0.0035 | 0.0018 | 0.0191 | 0.0082 | 0.01 | 0.022 | 0.0033 | 1.58 |
| D | 0.068 | 0.005 | 1.4 | 0.0111 | 0.0024 | 0.0022 | 0.0124 | 0.0184 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.0028 | 2.28 |
| E | 0.072 | 0.002 | 1.6 | 0.0073 | 0.0033 | 0.0043 | 0.045 | 0.0066 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.0035 | 4.87 |
| F | 0.078 | 0.005 | 1.7 | 0.0087 | 0.0047 | 0.0014 | 0.049 | 0.0079 | 0.012 | 0.027 | 0.0029 | 4.25 |
| G | 0.048 | 0.004 | 1.8 | 0.0066 | 0.0039 | 0.0013 | 0.0321 | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.0032 | 4.49 |
TABLE 2 aluminum clad panel strip (single layer composite) specification and Properties
TABLE 3 aluminum clad panel strip (double layer composite) specification and Properties
Claims (5)
1. The light-weight aluminum-clad plate strip is of an aluminum strip and steel strip composite structure, and the steel strip comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.04-0.08%, Si is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.005%, Mn: 0.9-1.8%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, Al is less than or equal to 0.005%, N: 0.0062-0.02%, O: 0.006-0.05%, Ca: 0.002-0.004%, Ti: 0.01-0.03%, Nb: 0.01-0.03%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; meanwhile, O + N is more than or equal to 0.013%, and (O + N)/(P + S) is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 5.
2. The light-weight aluminum clad plate strip of claim 1 wherein the thickness of the aluminum layer in the aluminum clad plate strip is 0.5-15% of the total thickness, and the aluminum layer is a single layer on the upper or lower surface of the steel strip or a double layer on the upper and lower surfaces of the steel strip.
3. The light-weight aluminum clad plate strip as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the aluminum clad plate strip has a yield strength of 400MPa or more, a tensile strength of 500-800MPa, and an elongation A50% of 18% or more.
4. The method for producing the light-weight aluminum-clad plate strip as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises cleaning and polishing the composite surface of the aluminum strip and the steel strip, rolling at room temperature, annealing, finishing and straightening/trimming; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when steel and aluminum are rolled at room temperature, the single-pass rolling deformation is required to be 50% -90%; the annealing after rolling requires that the annealing temperature is controlled between 400 ℃ and 550 ℃;
under the continuous annealing condition, the annealing temperature is less than 500 ℃, and the annealing time t0 meets the following requirements: t is more than or equal to 600Not more than (h +1) x 30, wherein h is not less than 1 mm; the annealing temperature T is more than or equal to 500 ℃, and the annealing time T is T0-5*(T-500)1/2；t、t0The unit min.
5. The method for producing the light-weight aluminum-clad plate strip as claimed in claim 4, wherein the surface cleaning comprises pickling, degreasing and drying to remove oil stains and rust defects on the surface of the substrate; the grinding is carried out by adopting an abrasive belt or a grinding wheel, and the grinding direction is parallel to the rolling direction.
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| CN102747309A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-10-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Steel for enamel and production method thereof |
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| CN101517115A (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2009-08-26 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Works for enameling and enameled products |
| CN102747309A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-10-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Steel for enamel and production method thereof |
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