CN107880217A - A kind of method and apparatus for processing butane - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus for processing butane Download PDFInfo
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- CN107880217A CN107880217A CN201610874758.7A CN201610874758A CN107880217A CN 107880217 A CN107880217 A CN 107880217A CN 201610874758 A CN201610874758 A CN 201610874758A CN 107880217 A CN107880217 A CN 107880217A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/04—Anhydrides, e.g. cyclic anhydrides
- C08F222/06—Maleic anhydride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
- C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/3335—Catalytic processes with metals
- C07C5/3337—Catalytic processes with metals of the platinum group
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/01—Processes of polymerisation characterised by special features of the polymerisation apparatus used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the manufacture field of butane, the processing method and device of a kind of butane are disclosed.Method includes step：(1) butane is subjected to dehydrogenation reaction, obtains dehydrogenation product；(2) dehydrogenation product is in contact with maleic anhydride, C in the dehydrogenation product4Following terminal olefine carries out copolyreaction with maleic anhydride；(3) product for obtaining step (2) carries out gas-liquid separation, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；(4) gas-phase product for obtaining step (3) carries out the isolated C-4-fraction of gas phase, and further obtaining butane by hydrogenation reaction is used as in the dehydrogenation reaction of cycle stock addition step (1)；(5) liquid-solid mixture that step (3) obtains is separated, obtained solid product is the polymer containing maleic anhydride functional groups.The processing and utilization co-production that butane can be achieved contains the copolymer of maleic anhydride functional groups, can be as the raw material of functional material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to butane manufacture field, in particular it relates to a kind of method and apparatus for processing butane.
Background technology
One of the product of butane as industrial production C_4 hydrocarbon class material, application main at present is made as fuel
With economic value is too low.And if switching to the alkene of carbon four, especially 2- butylene then can be as other synthetic reactions
Raw material, there is broader practice prospect.
Alkane can obtain alkene by the method for catalytic dehydrogenation.Such as industrialized propane, different in the world at present
The De-hydrogen Technology of butane, the main Oleflex techniques including Uop Inc., the Star techniques of Phillips companies, Air
The Catofin techniques of Product＆Chemical companies, FDB-4 the and Linde companies of Snamprogetti SPA companies
Linde techniques etc..
But the product of dehydrating alkanes is mixture, mixture hydrocarbon and hydrogen as generally included C1 to C4 after butane dehydrogenation
Gas.And it is to be separated go out 2- butylene then need further to pass through separating-purifying.But one carrys out some hydrocarbons in butane dehydrogenation product
The boiling point of matter is relatively low, two come each component in butane dehydrogenation product volatility it is very close, this causes the rectifying point of hydrocarbons
From becoming difficult, and running cost is higher.Although according to the difference of C_4 hydrocarbon class material solubility in different medium, can with
Choose appropriate solvent and carry out extract and separate, still, for the complicated hydrocarbon mixture of content, it is good, molten to choose selectivity
Solution degree is big, property stabilization, small toxicity, the sweetening agent of the small requirement such as low with boiling point of corrosion are difficult.CN101781387A discloses one
The method of kind maleic anhydride/conjugated diolefin copolymer reaction.
CN102212166B discloses a kind of dicyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride reaction method, stable without increasing
Under the conditions of agent and co-stabilizer, reaction system is simple, and product is easily separated, prepares polymer microballoon clean surface, uniform particle diameter, shape
Looks are controllable, favorable dispersibility.
CN102690393A discloses the copolymer containing functional groups prepared by a kind of C5 mixing-maleic anhydride.Will
C5 mixtures and maleic anhydride alternate combined polymerization, single step reaction prepare the highly cross-linked copolymer containing functional groups, filled
Divide alkene and alkadienes of the system in C5 mixtures, be not directed to the situation of below C5 low-carbon alkenes.
Therefore the more valuable utilization of butane is realized, it is necessary to select a kind of simple and easy, easy to operation and cost low
Honest and clean resource utilization method.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, such as the processing and utilization of butane, there is provided a kind of method and dress for processing butane
Put.It can realize and butane production is prepared as the polymer containing maleic anhydride functional groups, there is provided production feature material can be used as
The raw material of material.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of method for processing butane, including step：(1) in catalysis dehydrogenation
In the presence of agent, butane is subjected to dehydrogenation reaction, obtains dehydrogenation product；(2), will be described de- in the presence of initiator and organic solvent
Hydrogen product is in contact with maleic anhydride, C in the dehydrogenation product4The part or all of and maleic anhydride of following terminal olefine is total to
Poly- reaction；(3) product for obtaining step (2) carries out gas-liquid separation, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；With the gas phase
On the basis of the gross weight of product, C in the gas-phase product4The content of following terminal olefine is below 0.01 weight %；(4) by step
(3) gas-phase product obtained carries out gas phase separation, and obtained C-4-fraction is added with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst
Hydrogen reacts to obtain butane, and is added as cycle stock in the butane of step (1)；(5) liquid-solid mixture that step (3) obtains is entered
Row separation, obtains solid product and liquid, the solid product is the polymer containing maleic anhydride functional groups, and the liquid returns
Return in the organic solvent of step (2)；Wherein, the dehydrogenation product contains 78~85 weight % C4Following terminal olefine.
Present invention also offers a kind of device for processing butane, including：Dehydrogenation facilities, polymerization unit, gas-liquid separator, gas
Device for phase saparation, hydrogenation plant and liquid-solid separator；Wherein,
The dehydrogenation facilities are used for butane and carry out dehydrogenation reaction；The polymerization unit is connected with the dehydrogenation facilities, uses
In the dehydrogenation product of the dehydrogenation facilities discharge copolyreaction is carried out with maleic anhydride；
The gas-liquid separator is connected with the polymerization unit, and the product for polymerization unit discharge carries out gas-liquid
Separation, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；
The gas phase separation equipment is connected with the gas-liquid separator, is separated, obtained for the gas-phase product
C-4-fraction；The hydrogenation plant is connected with the gas phase separation equipment, for the C-4-fraction to be carried out into hydrogenation reaction
Obtain butane；
The gas phase separation equipment and the hydrogenation plant are connected with the dehydrogenation facilities respectively, so that propane and butane
It is recycled back into the dehydrogenation facilities；
The liquid-solid separator is connected with the gas-liquid separator, and isolated contain is carried out for the liquid-solid mixture
There is the polymer of maleic anhydride functional groups；The liquid-solid separator is connected with the polymerization unit, to return to the liquid isolated
Body.
Pass through above-mentioned technical proposal, take butane successively by dehydrogenation reaction, copolyreaction, gas-liquid separation, gas phase point
From, hydrogenation reaction and solid-liquor separation, the copolymer containing maleic anhydride structure can be prepared by butane, can further make
To produce the raw material of functional material.In the copolyreaction, the C of dehydrogenation product4The reaction of the copolyreaction of following terminal olefine
Conversion ratio reaches 85~90%, and obtained copolymer can provide the raw material as production functional material.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of processing butane provided by the invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.It is it should be appreciated that described herein specific
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention.
The end points of disclosed scope and any value are not limited to the accurate scope or value herein, these scopes or
Value should be understood to comprising the value close to these scopes or value.For number range, between the endpoint value of each scope, respectively
It can be combined with each other between the endpoint value of individual scope and single point value, and individually between point value and obtain one or more
New number range, these number ranges should be considered as specific open herein.
The present invention provides a kind of method for processing butane, including step：(1) in the presence of dehydrogenation, butane is entered
Row dehydrogenation reaction, obtains dehydrogenation product；(2) in the presence of initiator and organic solvent, by the dehydrogenation product and maleic anhydride
It is in contact, C in the dehydrogenation product4The part or all of and maleic anhydride of following terminal olefine carries out copolyreaction；(3) by step
(2) product obtained carries out gas-liquid separation, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；Using the gross weight of the gas-phase product as base
Standard, C in the gas-phase product4The content of following terminal olefine is below 0.01 weight %；(4) gas phase for obtaining step (3) is produced
Thing carries out gas phase separation, and obtained C-4-fraction is carried out into hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst obtains butane,
And added as cycle stock in the butane of step (1)；(5) liquid-solid mixture that step (3) obtains is separated, obtains solid
Product and liquid, the solid product are the polymer containing maleic anhydride functional groups, the liquid return to step (2) it is described
In organic solvent；Wherein, the dehydrogenation product contains 78~85 weight % C4Following terminal olefine.
The process flow diagram of method provided by the invention is as shown in Figure 1.
Dehydrogenation reaction
According to the present invention, the dehydrogenation reaction of step (1) is used to butane being changed into alkene.Under preferable case, dehydrogenation reaction
Temperature is 400~650 DEG C, preferably 550~580 DEG C；Dehydrogenation reaction pressure is below 0.05MPa, preferably 0.01~
0.05MPa；The volume space velocity of butane is 200~2000h-1, preferably 500~600h-1.
In the case of, according to the invention it is preferred to, the dehydrogenation includes carrier, active component and auxiliary agent；It is it is preferred that described
Carrier is aluminum oxide, and the active component is group VIII metal, the auxiliary agent be comprising carbon and in tin, bismuth and boron extremely
Few one kind；On the basis of the total amount of the dehydrogenation, the vector contg is 90~99.5 weight %, the active component
Content is 0.001~2 weight %, and the auxiliary agent content is 0.001~5 weight %.
Preferably, aluminum oxide is preferably gama-alumina.It is preferred that active component is at least one of platinum, palladium, osmium and iridium,
More preferably platinum.
Preferably, carbon content is 0.001~5 weight %.
In the present invention, the dehydrogenation can be commercially available catalyst, can also be prepared by following steps：
(i) by solution of the aluminum oxide containing active component precursor, the preceding body containing at least one of tin, bismuth and boron
The solution of body carries out incipient impregnation, is then dried and roasting obtains catalyst roasting body in atmosphere；
(ii) catalyst roasting body is calcined in the presence of hydrogen and carbon source, obtains catalyst precarsor；
(iii) catalyst precarsor is reduced under reducing atmosphere, obtains dehydrogenation.
In the step of method for preparing dehydrogenation in the present invention (i), the active component precursor is can be
The compound of active component is formed in the dehydrogenation finally prepared, such as active component precursor can be preferably chlordene platinum
At least one of sour ammonium, Tetrachloroplatinate ammonium and chloroplatinic acid.The precursor containing at least one of tin, bismuth and boron is energy
Enough compounds that at least one of tin, bismuth and boron are formed in the dehydrogenation finally prepared, such as described contain tin, bismuth
With the precursor of at least one of boron can be tin, the nitrate of bismuth or boron, chlorination The sub-salt, nitrate, carbonate, villaumite,
Phosphate, sulfate, acetate, fluoride, hydroxide, or acid or alkali containing tin, bismuth or boron, preferably bismuth nitrate or
Stannous chloride.Further, the dipping carried out in step (i) can be aluminum oxide substep successively with containing active component precursor
Solution, the solution of the precursor containing at least one of tin, bismuth and boron is carried out or prepared contain active component before
The solution mixed liquor of the precursor of at least one of body and tin, bismuth and boron, aluminum oxide is impregnated.Wherein, containing work
The concentration of the solution of property component precursor can be calculated as 0.001~3mol/ with the active component element in active component precursor
L, the concentration of the solution of the precursor containing at least one of tin, bismuth and boron can be calculated as 0.001 with the total amount of tin, bismuth or boron
~3mol/L.
In the step of method for preparing dehydrogenation in the present invention (i), dipping can carry out 10 at 60~80 DEG C
~40min.Drying can be that 10~40min is carried out at 60~80 DEG C, can be that rotary evaporation is dried.Roasting can in atmosphere
Think 2~4h at 100~500 DEG C.
In the step of method for preparing dehydrogenation in the present invention (ii), the carbon source can be gaseous state or liquid
Hydrocarbon compound.When the carbon source is carburet hydrogen, can form gaseous mixture with hydrogen and carburet hydrogen, in gaseous mixture can with hydrogen and
The volume ratio of carburet hydrogen is (1~3)：(1~6), such as 2：5、1：2；The carburet hydrogen such as ethene.When the carbon source is liquid
, can be with hydrogen and liquid hydrocarbon blend mixture during hydrocarbon, the liquid hydrocarbon can be benzene, toluene.Sintering temperature is in step (ii)
400~600 DEG C, roasting time is 10~20min.
In the step of method for preparing dehydrogenation in the present invention (iii), reducing atmosphere is hydrogen, 550~650
0.5~2h is reduced at DEG C.
In the present invention, the composition of the dehydrogenation can be determined by the element quantitative approach of routine, such as X ray
Fluorescence Spectra.
According to the present invention, substantial amounts of C is contained in obtained dehydrogenation product4Following terminal olefine, after being further advanced by
Continuous copolyreaction is utilized.C in dehydrogenation product4Following terminal olefine can include ethene, propylene, 1,3 butadiene, isobutyl
Alkene, 1- butylene.In addition, at least one of propane, normal butane and iso-butane can also be contained in the dehydrogenation product.Further
Ground, the dehydrogenation product can be analyzed by gas chromatography using the 7890A gas chromatographs (GC) of Agilent.It is excellent
Selection of land, on the basis of the total amount of the dehydrogenation product, the dehydrogenation product contains 17~22 weight % iso-butane, 17~22 weights
Measure % normal butane, 5~7 weight % 1- butylene, 15~17 weight % isobutene, 10~13 weight % 2- butylene, 0.1
~2 weight % 1,3-butadiene, 20~23 weight % hydrogen, 3~9 weight % C2And C3Component.
The present invention a kind of preferred embodiment, the dehydrogenation product can the iso-butane containing 17.57 weight %,
17.68 weight % normal butane, 6.06 weight % 1- butylene, 16.75 weight % isobutene, 6.94 weight % anti-2- fourths
Alkene, 5.28 weight % suitable 2- butylene, 1.48 weight % 1,3- butadiene, 23 weight % hydrogen, 6.24 weight % C2
And C3Component.
The present invention a kind of preferred embodiment, the dehydrogenation product can the iso-butane containing 21.18 weight %,
21.38 weight % normal butane, 5.25 weight % 1- butylene, 16.60 weight % isobutene, 6.39 weight % anti-2- fourths
Alkene, 4.83 weight % suitable 2- butylene, 0.85 weight % 1,3- butadiene, 21 weight % hydrogen, 2.52 weight % C2
And C3Component.
Copolyreaction
According to the present invention, the dehydrogenation product that step (2) is used to obtain step (1) carries out copolyreaction, can be selective
Ground utilizes C therein4Following terminal olefine component obtains copolymer with maleic anhydride progress copolyreaction and is used.Preferable case
Under, in step (2), the weight ratio of the dehydrogenation product and maleic anhydride is 0.3：More than 1, preferably described weight ratio is (0.3
~1)：1.
According to the present invention, in order to realize more effective copolyreaction, under preferable case, in step (2), the initiator
Dosage be maleic anhydride 0.01~30 weight %.
, according to the invention it is preferred to the initiator allows the dehydrogenation product to be more effectively copolymerized with maleic anhydride
React, under preferable case, the initiator is azo-compound or organic peroxide, and preferably described initiator is selected from peroxidating
Dibenzoyl, cumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, perbenzoic acid spy butyl ester, peroxidating
At least one of two dimethyl isopropyl esters, the carbon dicyclohexyl maleate of peroxidating two, azodiisobutyronitrile and ABVN.More
It is preferred that the initiator is azodiisobutyronitrile and/or dibenzoyl peroxide.
According to the present invention, the addition of the organic solvent ensures to dissolve the initiator and maleic anhydride, preferably
In the case of, in step (2), the dosage of maleic anhydride is below the 30 weight % of the organic solvent, preferably 5 weight %~
25 weight %；The weight % of more preferably 10 weight %~20.
According to the present invention, the organic solvent can be used for dissolving the initiator and maleic anhydride, under preferable case,
In step (2), the organic solvent is R selected from alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon and molecular formula1-COO-R2Organic acid alkylester did at least
One kind, wherein R1And R2For C1~C5Alkyl.
In the present invention, the organic acid alkylester did is selected from, but not limited to, methyl formate, Ethyl formate, methyl esters propyl ester, methyl esters
Butyl ester, methyl esters isobutyl ester, amyl formate, methyl acetate, EtOAc, acetic acid propylene, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, acetic acid
Secondary butyl ester, pentyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, benzyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl butyrate, butyric acid
Ethyl ester, butyl butyrate, isobutyl isobutyrate (IBIB), isoamyl butyrate, iso-amyl iso-valeriate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzoic acid
At least one of propyl ester, butyl benzoate, isoamyl benzoate, methyl phenylacetate and ethyl phenylacetate.It is more preferably described to have
Machine acid alkyl ester is isoamyl acetate.
In the present invention, the alkane is selected from, but not limited to, propane, normal butane, iso-butane, pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, different
At least one of hexane, hexamethylene, normal heptane, normal octane and isooctane.
In the present invention, the aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from, but not limited to, at least one in benzene,toluene,xylene, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene
Kind.
According to the present invention, the copolyreaction can be realized optionally by the C in dehydrogenation product4Following terminal olefine group
Point, through carrying out copolyreaction with maleic anhydride, obtain being further used as the raw material of functional material.Under preferable case,
In step (2), copolyreaction temperature is 50~90 DEG C, and copolyreaction pressure be 0~1MPa, the copolyreaction time for 0.5~
12h。
According to the present invention, particularly preferably, the copolyreaction is Raolical polymerizable.The dehydrogenation can be advantageous to
1,3-butadiene in product is mainly polymerize in 1,2 mode, and it is (double on 3,4 that double bond can be contained with the side chain of polymer segment
Key), further it can react to form cross-linked structure.
A kind of preferred embodiment, carrying out the method for the copolyreaction includes：By the organic solvent, maleic anhydride and
The initiator is mixed to form organic reaction liquid, then adds in the organic reaction liquid dehydrogenation product and be copolymerized instead
Should.
In the present invention, the polymer reactor that carries out the copolyreaction can be band stirring with the pressure-resistant reactor of chuck or
Tubular reactor.Medium in chuck is used to remove reaction heat, controlling reaction temperature.
Separation
In the present invention, complete after the copolyreaction, it is necessary to which copolyreaction product is carried out into isolated polymeric articles.
Two-stage separation can be divided into：The first order is to carry out gas-liquid separation, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；The second level includes two
Process, a process are that gas-phase product is carried out into the isolated C-4-fraction of gas phase, and further hydrogenated reaction is changed into butane,
And return to dehydrogenation reaction as cycle stock；Another process is that liquid-solid mixture is obtained containing maleic anhydride official by solid-liquor separation
The polymer and liquid that can be rolled into a ball.
First, gas-liquid separation
According to the present invention, step (3) is used to the product of step (2) copolyreaction carrying out gas-liquid separation.
In the present invention, the method for the gas-liquid separation can be flash separation.It is preferred that the condition of the flash separation is：
Temperature is higher than at 20 DEG C, preferably 20~40 DEG C, the product pressure of the copolyreaction is reduced into below 0MPa, by the production
C in thing4Following hydrocarbon compound discharge, obtains the gas-phase product.
In the present invention, the gas-phase product middle-end olefin(e) centent can be by gas chromatography, using Agilent 7890A gas
Chromatography (GC) measures.Wherein, C4Following terminal olefine content is below 1 weight %.
In the present invention, the flash separator can be the simple receptacle of a jacketed temperature control, it is possibility to have industry is common
Know be used for fully increase material table area all kinds of inner members, can be passed through with the bottom of slave unit heat hot special logistics with
Fully increase heat exchange amount.
2nd, gas phase separation-hydrogenation and solid-liquor separation
1st, gas phase separation-hydrogenation
Gas phase separates：
According to the present invention, step (4) is used to the gas-phase product carrying out gas phase separation, and the C-4-fraction that will be isolated
It is changed into butane to return to the dehydrogenation reaction.
In the present invention, the gas phase separation process can be implemented by rectifying column.Such as the knockout tower of carbon three, can mainly it wrap
Include compressor, cryogenic separation system, dethanizer, depropanizing tower, propylene rectification tower and debutanizing tower；Can using inlet amount as
80~120kg/h, temperature are 30~50 DEG C, pressure is that the gas-phase product is introduced into the knockout tower of carbon three and divided by 8~15atm
From obtaining C-4-fraction.Embodiment can be will not be repeated here with known to those skilled in the art.
Hydrogenation：
In the present invention, the C-4-fraction can carry out hydrogenation reaction, unsaturated hydrocarbons therein, as 2- butylene turns with hydrogen
For butane, it is re-used as cycle stock and adds in the butane of step (1).Under preferable case, the condition of the hydrogenation reaction includes：Hydrogen
Mol ratio with the C-4-fraction is (0.1~20)：1, be preferably (1~2)：1；The volume space velocity of the C-4-fraction is
0.5~30h-1, preferably 20~30h-1；Hydrogenation temperature is 10~80 DEG C, preferably 20~60 DEG C；Hydrogen partial pressure be 0.1~
6MPa, preferably 2~5MPa.It is preferred that relative to the C-4-fraction of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of the hydrogenation catalyst is
0.05~20 parts by weight.
In the present invention, mass space velocity refers to that the catalyst of unit mass handles the C-4-fraction per hour during the liquid
Quality.
It should be noted that by the C in the C-4-fraction in the present invention4Unsaturated hydrocarbons is changed into butane, can make
About more than 90% C4Unsaturated hydrocarbons is converted into butane.
Further, the catalyst of heretofore described hydrogenation reaction can preferably have consisting of：The hydrogenation catalyst
The main active component and help active component that agent includes carrier and load, the carrier is heat-resistant inorganic oxide and/or molecular sieve.
The heat-resistant inorganic oxide such as can be magnesia, aluminum oxide, silica in one or more.The molecular sieve example
As that can be in Y zeolites, β zeolites, modenite, SAPO Series Molecules sieve, ZSM Series Molecules sieve, MCM Series Molecules sieve etc.
It is one or more.
It is preferred that the main active component is VIII and/or VIIB races metal, group VIII metal for example can be cobalt (Co),
At least one of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir) and platinum (Pt)；VIIB races metal for example can be manganese
And/or rhenium (Re) (Mn).It is preferred that the main active component is Pt and/or Pd.
It is preferred that described help active component to be selected from least one of Cu, Ag, Au, Pb, Ni, Co and Mn.
Preferably, on the basis of the total amount of the hydrogenation catalyst, main active component and the total content of active component is helped to be
0.01~20 weight %, preferably 0.1~5 weight %；The content of the carrier is 80~99.99 weight %, preferably 95~
99.9 weight %.
Preferably, the main active component can be (0.5~30) with helping the weight ratio of active component:1, be preferably (1~
16):1。
2nd, solid-liquor separation
The liquid-solid mixture is subjected to solid-liquor separation, obtains polymeric articles.
The implementation of the solid-liquor separation can be to centrifuge.The condition of the centrifugation is：In centrifugal rotational speed
For under conditions of more than 4000rpm, the centrifugation time is more than 5min, for example, centrifugal rotational speed is 4000~16000rpm, from
Heart disengaging time is 5~20min.
In the present invention, the whizzer can be horizontal or vertical any form.
According to the present invention, by solid-liquor separation, the solid mixed liquor of the liquid is separated into supernatant liquor and lower floor's solid product；Institute
It is organic solvent to state clear liquid, can remove return and be used for the copolyreaction；The solid product is to contain maleic anhydride function
The polymer of group.Under preferable case, the polymer is C in the dehydrogenation product4The copolymerization of following terminal olefine and maleic anhydride
Thing；Preferably, the content of maleic anhydride construction unit is 48~52 moles of % in the polymer.Preferably, the polymer
In the maleic anhydride construction unit that contains can be in main chain, side chain, can also be in end group.The content of maleic anhydride construction unit can
To pass through1H and13C nuclear-magnetisms determine.
Preferably, it can also contain in the polymer and come from ethene, propylene, 1- butylene, 1,3-butadiene and isobutene
At least one of the construction unit that is formed.The content of said structure unit in the polymer can pass through1H and13C cores
Magnetic-measurement.Such as the content of said structure unit in the polymer can be 48~55 moles of %.
Preferably, the polymer is powdered solid material, the average diameter of particle can be 0.2~250 after drying
μm, preferably 0.2~200 μm.The average diameter of polymer beads can be measured by ESEM.
The method of the weight of resulting polymers determines the reaction conversion ratio of copolyreaction after being reacted by weighing.
The present invention selectively by the terminal olefine and maleic anhydride in the dehydrogenation product, preferably turns through free radicals copolymerization reaction
It is changed into the polymer containing maleic anhydride functional groups, can be further made other as the raw material of functional material
High polymer material.
In the present invention, the pressure being related to is gauge pressure.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the course of work can be summarized as follows：
Butane is continuously passed through in dehydrogenation facilities and carries out dehydrogenation reaction, obtained dehydrogenation product be passed through added with maleic anhydride,
In the polymer reactor of initiator and organic solvent, in certain temperature, pressure, copolyreaction is carried out in the residence time, is obtained
Product enter gas-liquid separator and carry out gas-liquid separation, obtained gas-phase product is sent into the isolated carbon four of gas phase separation equipment and evaporated
Point, and C-4-fraction is passed through hydrogenation plant progress hydrogenation reaction and obtains butane return dehydrogenation reaction；The liquid that gas-liquid separation obtains
Gu product is sent into liquid-solid separator and carries out solid-liquor separation, it is polymer to obtain solid constituent, and obtained liquid is organic molten
Agent is recycled back to copolyreaction.
Present invention also offers a kind of device for processing butane, including：Dehydrogenation facilities, polymerization unit, gas-liquid separator, gas
Device for phase saparation, hydrogenation plant and liquid-solid separator；Wherein,
The dehydrogenation facilities are used for butane and carry out dehydrogenation reaction；
The polymerization unit is connected with the dehydrogenation facilities, dehydrogenation product and Malaysia for dehydrogenation facilities discharge
Acid anhydrides carries out copolyreaction；
The gas-liquid separator is connected with the polymerization unit, and the product for polymerization unit discharge carries out gas-liquid
Separation, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；
The gas phase separation equipment is connected with the gas-liquid separator, is separated, obtained for the gas-phase product
C-4-fraction；
The hydrogenation plant is connected with the gas phase separation equipment, for C-4-fraction progress hydrogenation reaction to be obtained
To butane；The gas phase separation equipment and the hydrogenation plant are connected with the dehydrogenation facilities respectively, so that propane and butane
It is recycled back into the dehydrogenation facilities；
The liquid-solid separator is connected with the gas-liquid separator, and isolated contain is carried out for the liquid-solid mixture
There is the polymer of maleic anhydride functional groups；The liquid-solid separator is connected with the polymerization unit, to return to the liquid isolated
Body.
In device provided by the invention, the dehydrogenation facilities can be fixed bed reactors.
In device provided by the invention, the polymerization unit can be that the pressure-resistant reactor with stirring and chuck or tubular type are anti-
Device is answered, for dehydrogenation product and maleic anhydride to be carried out into copolyreaction in the presence of initiator and organic solvent, forms terminal olefine
With the copolymer of maleic anhydride, can be used as polymeric material.
In device provided by the invention, the gas-liquid separator can be flash separator.It is anti-for separating the polymerization
The product answered, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture.
In device provided by the invention, the gas phase separation equipment can be rectifying column, such as the knockout tower of carbon three.
In device provided by the invention, the hydrogenation plant can be fixed bed reactors, such as Haian County's oil scientific research
The full hydrogenation reactors of ZR-2 of Instrument Ltd..
In device provided by the invention, the liquid-solid separator is whizzer, can be horizontal or vertical any
Form, for separating the liquid-solid mixture, obtain solid copolymer product therein.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples below.
Dehydrogenation product component analysis is divided by gas chromatography using the 7890A gas chromatographs (GC) of Agilent
Analysis；
Gas-phase product middle-end olefin(e) centent is measured by gas chromatography using Agilent 7890A gas chromatographs (GC)；
The content of maleic anhydride construction unit passes through in the polymer of acquisition1H and13C nuclear-magnetisms determine；
The average diameter of obtained polymer beads is measured by ESEM；
Method by being weighed to reaction post-consumer polymer, the reaction conversion ratio for determining copolyreaction is calculated by following formula：
Reaction conversion ratio (%)=[(C in dehydrogenation product of copolyreaction4Gas phase after weight-polymerization of following terminal olefine
C in product4The weight of following terminal olefine) C in/dehydrogenation product4The weight of following terminal olefine] × 100%.
Embodiment 1
This example demonstrates that the processing method of the butane of the present invention.
(1) 60g gama-alumina (Shandong Aluminum Co., Ltd.) is impregnated in 0.03mol/L chloroplatinic acid (Chinese medicines groups at 75 DEG C
Learn reagent Co., Ltd) and 0.1mol/L bismuth nitrate (offer of Beijing Zhong Lian chemical plant) aqueous solution in, co-impregnation 0.5h, its
Middle liquor capacity measures according to Pt and Bi mass content；Then by impregnation product at 75 DEG C rotated evaporation drying 0.5h
Afterwards, desciccate is placed into Muffle furnace, 3h is calcined in 450 DEG C of air atmosphere, then product of roasting is impregnated in again
In 0.25mol/L stannous chloride (Tianjin recovery fine chemistry industry research institute) aqueous solution, wherein liquor capacity is according to Sn mass
Content measures；Then after 75 DEG C of rotary evaporations dry 0.5h, continue to be calcined 3h in 450 DEG C of air atmosphere, be catalyzed
Agent is calcined body.
Catalyst roasting body is placed in tube furnace, in H2And C2H4Volume ratio is 2：15min is calcined in 5 mixed atmosphere,
Sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, obtains catalyst precarsor.
By catalyst precarsor, hydrogen reducing 1h obtains DHC-1 at 600 DEG C, consisting of Al2O3/ Pt/Sn-C-Bi, content
For：0.4 weight %Pt, 1.3 weight %Sn, 0.08 weight %C, 0.1 weight %Bi, remaining is Al2O3Carrier.
DHC-1 is loaded in fixed bed reactors, filling volume is 30mL.It is anti-that butane is passed through progress dehydrogenation in reactor
Should, wherein volume space velocity is 500h-1, reaction pressure 0.01MPa, reactor inlet temperature is 550 DEG C.
Obtained dehydrogenation product is analyzed using HP7890 gas-chromatographies, and content is as follows：21.18 weight % isobutyl
Alkane, 21.38 weight % normal butane, 5.25 weight % 1- butylene, 16.60 weight % isobutene, 6.39 weight % it is anti-
2- butylene, 4.83 weight % suitable 2- butylene, 0.85 weight % 1,3- butadiene, 21 weight % hydrogen, 2.52 weight %
C2And C3Component.
(2) 12kg above-mentioned dehydrogenation product is passed through containing 20kg maleic anhydrides, 2.4kg azodiisobutyronitriles and 100kg
In the organic reaction liquid of isoamyl acetate, at 0.9MPa copolyreaction pressure and 70 DEG C, copolyreaction 8h；
(3) copolyreaction product is passed through in flash separator and separated under the conditions of 25 DEG C and 0.1MPa, obtain gas
Phase product and liquid-solid mixture；
Using inlet amount as 100kg/h, temperature be 40 DEG C by gas-phase product, pressure be that 11atm is passed through the progress of the knockout tower of carbon three
Separation, obtain the component of carbon four (including iso-butane, 39.38 weight %, normal butane, 39.76 weight %, 2- butylene, 20.86 weights
Measure %).
(4) component of carbon four is passed through in full hydrogenation reactor (Haian Oil Scientific Research Apparatus Co., Ltd., ZR-2) to enter
Row hydrogenation reaction：It is 3.0 to control the component of carbon four and product circulation ratio, and reactor inlet temperature is 60 DEG C, reaction pressure 5MPa,
Mass space velocity is 30h during liquid-1, the mol ratio of hydrogen and the component of carbon four is 2；
The main active component of hydrogenation catalyst is palladium, and it is lead to help active component, and carrier is aluminum oxide, wherein, the content of palladium
For 0.25 weight %, the content of lead is 0.05 weight %, and the content of carrier is 99.7 weight %.The hydrogenation catalyst is pressed with lower section
Method is prepared：A diameter of Φ 3-4 of 100 parts by weight alumina globule is first calcined 6h at 1000 DEG C, while prepares nitre
Sour palladium solution (palladium content is 0.625 weight %) is adjusted to pH=4 with ammoniacal liquor；Alumina globule after roasting is immersed in 40 weights
In the above-mentioned palladium nitrate solution for measuring part, 8h is then dried at 120 DEG C, and 8h is calcined at 300 DEG C；Lead nitrate solution is prepared again
(lead content is 0.125 weight %) is adjusted to pH=4 with ammoniacal liquor, and then with 40 parts by weight, the lead nitrate solution impregnates supported palladium
Alumina globule, and 8h is dried at 120 DEG C, and is calcined 8h at 300 DEG C.
Hydrogenation products of the content more than 99.9% of saturated alkane are obtained, hydrogenation products are butane, return again to dehydrogenation reaction
In device.
(5) obtained liquid-solid mixture is positioned over whizzer (the auspicious science equipment Co., Ltd TG18G of Beijing China
Type) in, 20min is centrifuged under 4000rpm, obtains solid copolymer particle.
Maleic anhydride structural content is 48 moles of % in measure solid copolymer particle, and the average diameter of particle is 200 μm.
The reaction conversion ratio of copolyreaction is 90%.
Embodiment 2
This example demonstrates that the processing method of the butane of the present invention.
(1) 60g gama-alumina is impregnated in 0.03mol/L chloroplatinic acids, 0.25mol/L stannous chloride at 80 DEG C
In 2mol/L boric acid (Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group) aqueous solution, co-impregnation 0.5h, wherein liquor capacity according to
Pt, Sn and B mass content measures；Then impregnation product after rotated evaporation drying 0.5h, is produced at 70 DEG C by drying
Thing is placed into Muffle furnace, and 3h, catalyst roasting body are calcined in 500 DEG C of air atmosphere.
Catalyst roasting body is placed in tube furnace, in H2And C2H4Volume ratio is 1:12min is calcined in 2 mixed atmosphere,
Sintering temperature is 600 DEG C, obtains catalyst precarsor.
By catalyst precarsor, hydrogen reducing 1h obtains DHC-2 at 620 DEG C, consisting of Al2O3/ Pt/Sn-C-B, content
For：0.5 weight %Pt, 1.4 weight %Sn, 0.05 weight %C, 0.1 weight %Bi, remaining is Al2O3Carrier.
DHC-2 is loaded in fixed bed reactors, filling volume is 30mL.It is anti-that butane is passed through progress dehydrogenation in reactor
Should, wherein volume space velocity is 600h-1, reaction pressure 0.05MPa, reactor inlet temperature is 580 DEG C.
Obtained dehydrogenation product is analyzed using HP7890 gas-chromatographies, and content is as follows：17.57 weight % isobutyl
Alkane, 17.68 weight % normal butane, 6.06 weight % 1- butylene, 16.75 weight % isobutene, 6.94 weight % it is anti-
2- butylene, 5.28 weight % suitable 2- butylene, 1.48 weight % 1,3- butadiene, 23 weight % hydrogen, 6.24 weight %
C2And C3Component.
(2) 13kg above-mentioned dehydrogenation product is passed through containing 20kg maleic anhydrides, 2.4kg azodiisobutyronitriles and 200kg
In the organic reaction liquid of isoamyl acetate, at 1MPa copolyreaction pressure and 75 DEG C, copolyreaction 8h；
(3) copolyreaction product is passed through in flash separator and separated under the conditions of 25 DEG C and 0.1MPa, obtain gas
Phase product and liquid-solid mixture；
Using inlet amount as 100kg/h, temperature be 40 DEG C by gas-phase product, pressure be that 11atm is passed through the progress of the knockout tower of carbon three
Separation, (including iso-butane, 37.02 weight %；Normal butane, 37.24 weight %；2- butylene, 25.74 weight %).
(4) component of carbon four is passed through in full hydrogenation reactor and carries out hydrogenation reaction：Control the component of carbon four and product circulation ratio
For 3.0, reactor inlet temperature is 20 DEG C, reaction pressure 3MPa, and mass space velocity is 25h during liquid-1, hydrogen and the component of carbon four
Mol ratio is 1.Wherein, hydrogenation catalyst uses the hydrogenation catalyst in embodiment 1.
Obtain hydrogenation products of the content more than 99.9% of saturated alkane.Hydrogenation products are butane, return again to dehydrogenation reaction
In device.
(5) obtained liquid-solid mixture is positioned in whizzer, centrifuges 20min under 4000rpm, obtain
Solid copolymer particle.
Maleic anhydride structural content is 52 moles of % in measure solid copolymer particle, and the average diameter of particle is 0.2 μm.
The reaction conversion ratio of copolyreaction is 85%.
The inventive method achieves the processing of butane, available copolymer is used as the raw material of functional material.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of method for processing butane, including step：
(1) in the presence of dehydrogenation, butane is subjected to dehydrogenation reaction, obtains dehydrogenation product；
(2) in the presence of initiator and organic solvent, the dehydrogenation product is in contact with maleic anhydride, in the dehydrogenation product
C4The part or all of and maleic anhydride of following terminal olefine carries out copolyreaction；
(3) product for obtaining step (2) carries out gas-liquid separation, obtains gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；Produced with the gas phase
On the basis of the gross weight of thing, C in the gas-phase product4The content of following terminal olefine is below 1 weight %；
(4) gas-phase product for obtaining step (3) carries out gas phase separation, by obtained C-4-fraction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst
Hydrogenation reaction is carried out with hydrogen and obtains butane, and is added as cycle stock in the butane of step (1)；
(5) liquid-solid mixture that step (3) obtains is separated, obtains solid product and liquid, the solid product be containing
There is a polymer of maleic anhydride functional groups, in the organic solvent of the liquid return to step (2)；
Wherein, the dehydrogenation product contains 78~85 weight % C4Following terminal olefine.
2. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, in step (1), dehydrogenation reaction temperature is 400~650 DEG C, dehydrogenation
Reaction pressure is below 0.05MPa, and the volume space velocity of butane is 200~2000h-1。
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the dehydrogenation includes carrier, active component and auxiliary agent；
It is preferred that the carrier is aluminum oxide, the active component is group VIII metal, and the auxiliary agent includes carbon and selected from tin, bismuth and boron
At least one of；On the basis of the total amount of the dehydrogenation, the content of the carrier is 90~99.5 weight %, described
The content of active component is 0.001~5 weight %, and the content of the auxiliary agent is 0.001~5 weight %.
4. the method according to claim 11, wherein, in step (2), the weight ratio of the dehydrogenation product and maleic anhydride
For 0.3：More than 1, preferably described weight ratio is (0.3~1)：1.
5. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, in step (2), copolyreaction temperature is 50~90 DEG C, and copolymerization is anti-
It is 0~1MPa to answer pressure, and the copolyreaction time is 0.5~12h.
6. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, in step (2), the dosage of the initiator is maleic anhydride
0.01~30 weight %；Preferably, the initiator is azo-compound or organic peroxide, and preferably described initiator is selected from
Dibenzoyl peroxide, cumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, perbenzoic acid spy butyl ester,
In diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, the carbon dicyclohexyl maleate of peroxidating two, azodiisobutyronitrile and ABVN at least
It is a kind of.
7. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, in step (2), the dosage of maleic anhydride is the organic solvent
Below 30 weight %；It is preferred that 5 weight %s~25 weight % of the dosage of maleic anhydride for the organic solvent, more preferably 10 weights
Measure the weight % of %~20；
Preferably, the organic solvent is R selected from alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon and molecular formula1-COO-R2Organic acid alkylester did in extremely
Few one kind, wherein R1And R2For C1~C5Alkyl.
8. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-7, wherein, the copolyreaction is Raolical polymerizable；
Preferably, carrying out the method for the copolyreaction includes：The organic solvent, maleic anhydride and the initiator are mixed to form
Organic reaction liquid, then the dehydrogenation product is added in the organic reaction liquid and carries out copolyreaction.
9. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-8, wherein, the condition of the hydrogenation reaction includes：Hydrogen with
The mol ratio of the C-4-fraction is (0.1~20)：1, be preferably (1~2)：1；Mass space velocity is during the liquid of the C-4-fraction
0.5~30h-1, preferably 20~30h-1；Hydrogenation temperature is 10~80 DEG C, preferably 20~60 DEG C；Hydrogen partial pressure be 0.1~
6MPa, preferably 2~5MPa；
Preferably, the main active component and help active component that the hydrogenation catalyst includes carrier and load, the carrier are resistance to
Hot inorganic oxide and/or molecular sieve, the main active component are VIII and/or VIIB races metal, described to help active component
Selected from least one of Cu, Ag, Au, Pb, Ni, Co and Mn；On the basis of the total amount of the hydrogenation catalyst, main active component
It is 0.01~20 weight %, preferably 0.1~5 weight % with the total content of active component is helped；The content of the carrier be 80~
99.99 weight %, preferably 95~99.9 weight %；
Preferably, the main active component is (1~16) with helping the weight ratio of active component：1.
10. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-9, wherein, in step (5), the polymer is described de-
C in hydrogen product4The copolymer of following terminal olefine and maleic anhydride；The content of maleic anhydride construction unit is 48 in the polymer
~52 moles of %.
11. a kind of device for processing butane, including：Dehydrogenation facilities, polymerization unit, gas-liquid separator, gas phase separation equipment, hydrogenation
Equipment and liquid-solid separator；Wherein,
The dehydrogenation facilities are used for butane and carry out dehydrogenation reaction；
The polymerization unit is connected with the dehydrogenation facilities, dehydrogenation product and maleic anhydride for dehydrogenation facilities discharge
Carry out copolyreaction；
The gas-liquid separator is connected with the polymerization unit, and the product for polymerization unit discharge carries out gas-liquid point
From obtaining gas-phase product and liquid-solid mixture；
The gas phase separation equipment is connected with the gas-liquid separator, is separated for the gas-phase product, obtains carbon four
Cut；
The hydrogenation plant is connected with the gas phase separation equipment, for C-4-fraction progress hydrogenation reaction to be obtained into fourth
Alkane；
The gas phase separation equipment and the hydrogenation plant are connected with the dehydrogenation facilities respectively, so that propane and butane circulation
Return to the dehydrogenation facilities；
The liquid-solid separator is connected with the gas-liquid separator, carries out isolated containing horse for the liquid-solid mixture
Carry out the polymer of anhydride functional group；The liquid-solid separator is connected with the polymerization unit, to return to the liquid isolated.
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