CN107876984B - Gap welding method and device - Google Patents

Gap welding method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107876984B
CN107876984B CN201711051025.4A CN201711051025A CN107876984B CN 107876984 B CN107876984 B CN 107876984B CN 201711051025 A CN201711051025 A CN 201711051025A CN 107876984 B CN107876984 B CN 107876984B
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gap
welding
weld
laser welding
signal
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CN107876984A (en
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韩晓辉
梁文建
张志毅
叶结和
王素环
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24Seam welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a gap welding method and a gap welding device. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a gap signal, wherein the gap signal is used for representing the current existing gap of the welding object; and determining whether to activate the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal. The invention solves the technical problem that the requirement of the joint group of the object to be welded on the gap is difficult to meet by adopting laser welding in the related technology.

Description

Gap welding method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a gap welding method and device.
Background
Because laser welding has the outstanding advantages of high welding speed, high joint quality, small welding deformation, high welding efficiency and the like, the laser welding is more and more widely applied to the welding field of medium and thin plate materials during welding. However, the laser welding has a strict requirement on the gap size of the joint, and if the gap is too large, the welding quality is easily affected by the conditions such as seam undercut, sagging, poor back surface formation, and the like. Therefore, it is difficult to meet the gap requirement of the joint assembly by using the laser welding in the related art.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a gap welding method and a gap welding device, which at least solve the technical problem that the requirement of a joint group of an object to be welded on a gap is difficult to meet by adopting laser welding in the related technology.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a gap welding method including: acquiring a gap signal, wherein the gap signal is used for representing the current existing gap of the welding object; determining whether to activate a wire feeder to engage a laser welding device to weld the gap based on the gap signal.
Optionally, acquiring the gap signal comprises: acquiring contour information of the gap; generating the gap signal according to the contour information.
Optionally, determining whether to enable the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal comprises: enabling the laser welding device to weld the gap if the size of the gap is below a predetermined threshold; enabling the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap if the size of the gap is not below the predetermined threshold.
Optionally, activating the wire feeder to engage the laser welding device to weld the gap comprises: determining welding parameters according to the size of the gap, wherein the welding parameters comprise: adjusted process parameters corresponding to the laser welding device, a wire feed speed of the wire feeder; and welding the gap according to the process parameters and the wire feeding speed.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a gap welding apparatus including: the device comprises an acquisition unit, a control unit and a control unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a gap signal, and the gap signal is used for representing the current existing gap of a welding object; and the determining unit is used for determining whether to activate the wire feeding device to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal.
Optionally, the acquisition unit comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring the outline information of the gap; and the generating module is used for generating the gap signal according to the contour information.
Optionally, the determining unit includes: a first welding module for enabling the laser welding device to weld the gap if the size of the gap is below a predetermined threshold; a second welding module to enable the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap if the size of the gap is not below the predetermined threshold.
Optionally, the second welding module comprises: a determination submodule for determining welding parameters based on the size of the gap, wherein the welding parameters include: adjusted process parameters corresponding to the laser welding device, a wire feed speed of the wire feeder; and the welding submodule is used for welding the gap according to the process parameters and the wire feeding speed.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program performs the gap welding method of any one of the above.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a processor for executing a program, wherein the program is executed to perform the gap welding method as described in any one of the above.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a gap signal may be acquired, wherein the gap signal is used to indicate a gap currently existing in the welding object; and determining whether to start the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal. By the gap welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the joint gap signal of the object to be welded can be monitored in real time in the welding process, and the welding mode can be adjusted in real time according to the gap signal, so that the technical problem that the requirement of the joint group of the object to be welded on the gap is difficult to meet by adopting laser welding in the related technology is solved, and the user experience is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a gap welding method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a preferred flow diagram of a gap welding method according to an embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gap welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
For convenience of explanation, some terms or expressions appearing in the embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail below:
charge-coupled Device (Charge-coupled Device): also known as a CCD image sensor, is a semiconductor device capable of converting an optical image into a digital signal.
Laser welding: the high-efficiency precision welding method utilizes the laser beam with high energy density as a heat source.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method embodiment of a gap welding method, it being noted that the steps illustrated in the flowchart of the drawings may be performed in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and that while a logical order is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a gap welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the gap welding method including the steps of:
step S102, gap signals are collected, wherein the gap signals are used for representing the current existing gap of the welding object.
The gap signal can be used to control the underlying laser welding device or wire feeder to weld the object with the gap.
And step S104, determining whether to start the wire feeding device to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal.
Through the steps, the welding mode of the object needing to be welded by the user can be determined according to the acquired gap signal of the object needing to be welded and the acquired gap signal. Compared with the prior art, in the process of welding an object to be welded, the gap is large, and the gap cannot be welded well by improving the machining precision, the equipment precision and the like. By the gap welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the joint gap signal of the object to be welded can be monitored in real time in the welding process, and the welding mode can be adjusted in real time according to the gap signal, so that the technical problem that the requirement of the joint group of the object to be welded on the gap is difficult to meet by adopting laser welding in the related technology is solved, and the user experience is improved.
In the step S102, acquiring the gap signal may include: acquiring outline information of the gap; a gap signal is generated based on the contour information. Fig. 2 is a preferred flowchart of a gap welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, a signal acquisition device may be used to monitor a gap of an object to be welded in real time, and a CCD image sensor may be used to monitor the gap of the object to be welded, extract gap profile information, and generate a gap signal according to the extracted profile information. Specifically, the size of the gap can be measured according to the extracted gap profile information, and meanwhile, the size and the position of the gap are converted into a gap signal and sent to the controller, and after the controller identifies and analyzes the gap signal, the gap of the object to be welded can be welded based on the gap signal.
In the above embodiment, after generating the gap signal according to the profile information, determining whether to enable the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal may include: enabling a laser welding device to weld the gap under the condition that the size of the gap is lower than a preset threshold value; and in the case that the size of the gap is not lower than the preset threshold value, enabling the wire feeding device to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap. As shown in fig. 2, in the welding process, the signal acquisition device monitors the gap size in real time, sends a size signal to the controller, and the controller can perform data analysis, and when the gap size obtained by the analysis is smaller than a certain threshold (i.e., a predetermined threshold in the context), it indicates that the gap of the object to be welded meets the welding requirement of the laser welding device, and the wire feeding device is not started, and the laser welding device continues to weld; when the gap size obtained by analysis is not smaller than the certain threshold value, the gap of the object to be welded does not meet the welding requirement of the laser welding device, the welding seam forming defect can be caused when the laser welding device is adopted for welding, and at the moment, the wire feeding device is required to be started to be matched with the laser welding device for welding. The predetermined threshold value may be determined according to the material and shape of the object to be welded, and may be in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm in general. For some thicker or less fusible materials to be welded, the predetermined threshold may be set to 0.2 mm in embodiments of the invention; conversely, for some materials that are relatively thin or relatively easily melted and require welding, the predetermined threshold may be set at 0.3 mm.
In addition, under the condition that the size of the gap is not lower than the preset threshold value, the wire feeding device is started to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap, and the wire feeding device and the laser welding device can be started to weld the object to be welded at the same time.
Wherein, in the case that the analysis results in that the gap size is smaller than a certain threshold, enabling the wire feeding device to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap may include: determining welding parameters according to the size of the gap, wherein the welding parameters comprise: adjusted process parameters corresponding to the laser welding device, and wire feeding speed of the wire feeding device; and welding the gap according to the process parameters and the wire feeding speed. In addition, it should be noted that, the larger the gap size of the object to be welded is, the higher the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding device is, the larger the laser energy of the laser welding device is; conversely, the smaller the gap size of the object to be welded, the lower the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding device, and the smaller the laser energy of the laser welding device.
The above process parameters affecting the welding of the welding device may include, but are not limited to: the power of the laser welding device, the beam focal spot, the welding speed, the absorption value of the material to be welded and the shielding gas. The following is a detailed description.
Wherein, there is a laser energy density threshold in the laser welding, below this value, the penetration is very shallow, once reaching or exceeding this value, the penetration will be improved greatly. Only when the laser power density on the workpiece exceeds a threshold value (material dependent), plasma is generated, which marks the performance of a stable deep weld. If the laser power is below this threshold, only surface melting of the workpiece occurs, i.e. the welding is performed in a stable heat-conducting type. When the laser power density is near the critical condition for forming the small hole, the deep fusion welding and the conduction welding are alternately performed, which becomes an unstable welding process, and causes great fusion depth fluctuation. During laser deep fusion welding, the laser power controls the penetration depth and the welding speed simultaneously. Weld penetration is directly related to beam power density and is a function of incident beam power and beam focal spot. Generally, for a laser beam of a certain diameter, the penetration increases with increasing beam power.
The beam spot size is one of the most important variables for laser welding because it determines the power density. However, for high power lasers, measurement of the laser is a difficult problem, although there are many indirect measurement techniques. The spot size of the diffraction limit of the light beam focus can be calculated according to the light diffraction theory, but the actual spot is larger than the calculated value due to the existence of the aberration of the focusing lens. The simplest measurement method is the isothermal profiling, i.e. the measurement of the focal spot and perforation diameter after burning and penetration of the polypropylene sheet with thick paper.
The absorption of laser light by a material depends on some important properties of the material, such as absorption rate, reflectivity, thermal conductivity, melting temperature, evaporation temperature, etc., the most important of which is absorption rate. Factors that affect the absorption of a laser beam by a material include two aspects: firstly, the resistivity of a material is measured, and the absorption rate of the material on a polished surface is found to be in direct proportion to the square root of the resistivity, and the resistivity changes along with the temperature; secondly, the surface state (or finish) of the material has a significant influence on the light beam absorption rate, thereby having a significant effect on the welding effect.
The welding speed has a great influence on the penetration, the penetration is shallow when the welding speed is increased, and the excessive melting of materials and the penetration of welding workpieces can be caused when the welding speed is too low. Therefore, there is a suitable range of welding speeds for a given laser power and a given thickness of a given material, and the maximum penetration is obtained at the corresponding speed value therein.
The laser welding process usually uses inert gas to protect the molten pool, and the protection can not be considered when the surface oxidation of certain materials is negligible during welding, but helium, argon, nitrogen and other gases are usually used for protection in most application occasions, so that the workpiece is prevented from being oxidized during the welding process.
According to the gap welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the gap self-adaptive laser welding method is adopted, the gap size of the joint is monitored in real time in the welding process, and the wire feeding and laser welding process parameters are adjusted according to the gap size, so that the tolerance of the laser welding process to the gap size is improved, and the efficient and stable laser welding under the condition that the gap size is changed in a large range is realized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a gap welding device, and it should be noted that the gap welding device provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for executing the gap welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention. The following describes a gap welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a gap welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, including: an acquisition unit 31 and a determination unit 33. The gap welding apparatus will be described in detail below.
And an acquisition unit 31 for acquiring a gap signal, wherein the gap signal is used for indicating the gap currently existing in the welding object.
And the determining unit 33 is connected with the acquiring unit 31 and is used for determining whether to activate the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal.
In the above implementation, the acquisition unit may be used to acquire a gap signal, where the gap signal is used to indicate a gap currently existing in the welding object; and then a determining unit connected with the acquisition unit is used for determining whether to start the wire feeding device to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal. The gap welding device provided by the embodiment of the invention can monitor the joint gap signal of the object to be welded in real time in the welding process, and adjust the welding mode in real time according to the gap signal, thereby solving the technical problem that the requirement of the joint group of the object to be welded on the gap is difficult to meet by adopting laser welding in the related technology, and improving the user experience.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition unit comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring the outline information of the gap; and the generating module is used for generating a gap signal according to the contour information.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the determining unit includes: the first welding module is used for enabling the laser welding device to weld the gap under the condition that the size of the gap is lower than a preset threshold value; and the second welding module is used for enabling the wire feeding device to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap under the condition that the size of the gap is not lower than a preset threshold value.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the second welding module comprises: a determination submodule for determining welding parameters based on the size of the gap, wherein the welding parameters include: adjusted process parameters corresponding to the laser welding device, and wire feeding speed of the wire feeding device; and the welding submodule is used for welding the gap according to the process parameters and the wire feeding speed.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program performs the gap welding method of any one of the above.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a processor for executing a program, wherein the program is executed to perform the gap welding method of any one of the above.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A gap welding method, comprising:
acquiring a gap signal, wherein the gap signal is used for representing the current existing gap of the welding object;
determining whether to activate a wire feeder to cooperate with a laser welding device to weld the gap based on the gap signal;
wherein determining whether to enable the wire feeder to engage the laser welding device to weld the gap based on the gap signal comprises: enabling the laser welding device to weld the gap if the size of the gap is below a predetermined threshold; enabling the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap if the size of the gap is not lower than the predetermined threshold, wherein the predetermined threshold is determined according to the material and the shape of the welded object;
wherein enabling the wire feeder to engage the laser welding device to weld the gap comprises: determining welding parameters according to the size of the gap, wherein the welding parameters comprise: adjusted process parameters corresponding to the laser welding device, a wire feed speed of the wire feeder; welding the gap according to the process parameters and the wire feed speed, wherein the process parameters at least comprise: the power of the laser welding device, the beam focal spot, the welding speed, the absorption value of the material to be welded and the shielding gas.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the gap signal comprises:
acquiring contour information of the gap;
generating the gap signal according to the contour information.
3. A gap welding apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a control unit and a control unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a gap signal, and the gap signal is used for representing the current existing gap of a welding object;
a determining unit for determining whether to activate a wire feeder to cooperate with a laser welding device to weld the gap according to the gap signal;
the determining unit comprises a first welding module, a second welding module and a control module, wherein the first welding module is used for enabling the laser welding device to weld the gap under the condition that the size of the gap is lower than a preset threshold value; a second welding module, configured to enable the wire feeder to cooperate with the laser welding device to weld the gap if the size of the gap is not lower than the predetermined threshold, where the predetermined threshold is determined according to the material and the shape of the welding object;
wherein the second welding module comprises: a determination submodule for determining welding parameters based on the size of the gap, wherein the welding parameters include: adjusted process parameters corresponding to the laser welding device, a wire feed speed of the wire feeder; a welding submodule configured to weld the gap according to the process parameters and the wire feed speed, wherein the process parameters at least include: the power of the laser welding device, the beam focal spot, the welding speed, the absorption value of the material to be welded and the shielding gas.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the acquisition unit comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the outline information of the gap;
and the generating module is used for generating the gap signal according to the contour information.
5. A storage medium characterized by comprising a stored program, wherein the program performs the gap welding method of any one of claims 1 to 2.
6. A processor for running a program, wherein the program is run to perform the gap welding method of any one of claims 1 to 2.
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