CN107876964B - Space curve weld joint milling and welding integrated connection method based on friction stir welding - Google Patents
Space curve weld joint milling and welding integrated connection method based on friction stir welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN107876964B CN107876964B CN201711284965.8A CN201711284965A CN107876964B CN 107876964 B CN107876964 B CN 107876964B CN 201711284965 A CN201711284965 A CN 201711284965A CN 107876964 B CN107876964 B CN 107876964B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention discloses a space curve welding seam milling and welding integrated connection method based on friction stir welding, which belongs to the technical field of repair welding butt welding of friction plugs and comprises the following steps: clamping a blank piece to be welded, lifting the blank piece to be welded, performing trimming rough machining on a welding seam edge of the blank piece to be welded, obtaining a trimming contour, compensating, and performing trimming finish machining on the welding seam; repeating the steps to complete the splicing of all parts; after the method is clamped for one time, the integrated processing of weld joint pre-trimming, weld joint outline scanning, weld joint fine correction, welding and the like can be completed on line; the defects of poor assembling quality, low efficiency and the like caused by secondary clamping in the conventional method are overcome. And provides guarantee for obtaining good and stable welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of repair welding and butt welding of friction plugs, in particular to a space curve welding seam milling and welding integrated connection method based on friction stir welding.
Background
The friction stir welding technology is a solid phase connection technology produced by the british welding technical institute (TWI) in the last 90 th century, has no arc light and smoke in the welding process, does not need gas protection and metal filling, and is a typical novel green welding technology. Compared with the traditional fusion welding method, the welding seam has the advantages of high joint strength, difficult generation of defects of heat cracks, air holes and the like, small welding deformation, low residual stress and the like. Particularly, the technology has unique advantages in aluminum alloy welding, so that the technology is widely applied to manufacturing of various aluminum alloy structural members in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, ships, rail vehicles and the like.
For the friction stir welding technology, weld gaps, weld joint stagger, pin centering, back gaps and the like are the components of weld joint assembly quality (as shown in fig. 1), and the quality of the weld joint assembly quality influences the final welding quality. For example, in the document "influence of assembly conditions on 2219 aluminum alloy friction stir welding process", it is pointed out that when the weld gap reaches 0.5mm, the tensile property of the joint is remarkably reduced; when the offset of the stirring pin pair reaches 2.0mm, the bottom of the joint has the defect of no welding. The aerospace industry standard QJ20044-2011 aluminum alloy friction stir welding process specification makes a clear regulation on the assembly clearance of the welding seam, for example, when the thickness of the base metal is 3.0-5.0mm, the local assembly clearance is less than or equal to 0.4 mm; when the thickness of the base material is 5.0-8.0mm, the local assembly gap is less than or equal to 0.6 mm; when the thickness of the base material is more than 8.0mm, the local assembly gap is less than or equal to 1.0 mm.
The materials and standards in the documents are generally suitable for welding flat plate parts, but when the friction stir welding technology is applied to welding large thin-wall structural members, the assembly quality of the friction stir welding technology cannot meet the related technical requirements. The large thin-wall structural part is generally formed by splicing a plurality of thin-wall weak-rigidity curved surface structural parts, and the parts need to be cut in the splicing process, so that the size of a single part meets the overall size requirement of the final structural part. The existing cutting mode mainly adopts manual operation, has certain defects and is mainly expressed as follows: the manual scribing precision is poor, the mode of plate shearing of a plate shearing machine and manual grinding is adopted, the operation time is long, and the efficiency is low; the problems of secondary clamping, poor assembling quality of splicing seams and the like exist in the cutting and splicing process. For example, the assembly clearance of the existing friction stir welding seam which is manually cut and assembled is often more than 1.0mm, and when a large structural member with the diameter more than 3.0m is welded, including plate shearing and assembling, the time consumption is often about 16 hours. Poor assembly quality not only buries the welding quality hidden trouble for the welding quality of the friction stir welding seam, but also becomes a bottleneck limiting the friction stir welding efficiency through time-consuming assembly work.
The Chinese patent application with the application number of 200810039478 and the patent name of 'numerical control friction stir welding system and welding method thereof' discloses an online trimming scheme based on numerical control machine milling, so that the dependence on manual scribing and trimming is eliminated, and the precision and the automation degree of the trimming process are improved. However, this method still has some disadvantages: because it accomplishes the side cut after, need come each to weld the part through manual assembly's mode and splice, there is the problem of part secondary clamping, causes assembly process debugging time long, assembly quality unstability etc..
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a space curve welding seam milling and welding integrated connection method based on friction stir welding to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a milling and welding integrated connection method for space curve welding seams based on friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping a blank to be welded;
(2) lifting the blank to be welded;
(3) performing trimming rough machining on the welding seam edge of a blank to be welded;
(4) acquiring a trimming contour and compensating;
(5) trimming and finishing the welding seam;
and repeating the steps to complete the splicing of all the parts.
As an optimal technical scheme, in the steps (1) and (2), the milling and welding integrated assembly is adopted for clamping and lifting respectively.
As a preferable technical scheme, after the step (3) is finished, a margin of 1.0-2.0mm is left on the cutting side.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step (4), the trimming profile is obtained by using a line laser scanner. And the line laser scanner is used for correcting the finish machining track, so that the improvement of the welding seam assembly quality is facilitated, and the final welding quality is ensured.
And (3) judging the assembling quality of the welding seam after the step (5) is finished, and finally realizing the welding of the parts by using a friction stir welding process.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the welding seam assembling quality is judged by utilizing a line laser scanner. The line laser scanner can quantitatively evaluate the quality of the assembled welding line, is beneficial to analyzing the relation between the assembling quality and the welding quality, and is convenient for optimizing welding parameters.
After the method is used for primary clamping, the integrated processing of weld joint pre-trimming, weld joint outline scanning, weld joint fine correction, welding and the like can be completed on line, and the problems of poor assembly quality, low efficiency and the like caused by secondary clamping in the existing open method are solved. And provides guarantee for obtaining good and stable welding quality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: after the part to be welded is clamped for one time, milling and welding integrated processing can be realized, and the problem that the assembly quality is reduced due to secondary clamping of the part is avoided. When a structural part with the thickness of 5.0mm-6.0mm is assembled and welded, the gap of a welding seam can be less than or equal to 0.5 mm; meanwhile, the problem of long-acting rate and low clamping time is solved. Taking a large aerospace structural part with the maximum size of about 3.0m as an example, the assembly time can be shortened to 8 hours, and is shortened by 50 percent compared with the traditional assembly mode. The method has universality and can be popularized and applied to the welding work of large aluminum alloy structural members in other forms.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of the quality of weld assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of clamping a blank to be welded;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of trimming rough machining of a blank to be welded;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a weld scan;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of trimming and finishing of a blank to be welded;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of friction stir welding of parts;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the application of the present method to other weld configurations.
In the figure: 1. a chopping board; 2. clamping the pressing strip; 3. a lifting mechanism; 4. a blank to be welded; 5, a positioning device; 6. Welding a main shaft of the equipment; 7. milling cutters; 8. a scanning device clamping tool; 9. a line laser scanning device.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example (b):
a milling and welding integrated connection method for space curve welding seams based on friction stir welding comprises the following steps: positioning and clamping a thin-wall aluminum alloy structural part to be welded on a welding tool, and lifting the structural part by using a lifting mechanism on the tool to enable the structural part to leave a chopping board on the welding tool; roughly processing a welding seam in a welding area by using a milling cutter, removing most materials on a structural member blank, and reserving a margin of about 1-2 mm; scanning the milled welding line by using a line laser scanner, determining the error amount of the outline of the part after rough machining, and correcting and compensating the cutting track in a mode of modifying a numerical control program; after the edge of the part is finely cut, the lifting mechanism is put down to enable the part to be in contact with the chopping board; repeating the above processes to complete the cutting and splicing of all parts; according to the requirement, a welding equipment clamping line laser scanner can scan the scanned welding seam assembly device, and a corresponding welding seam assembly quality model is formed; and finally, welding the welding seams one by using a friction stir welding process to complete the welding of the structural member.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) as shown in fig. 2, a blank of a part to be welded, namely a blank 4 to be welded, is mounted on a milling and welding integrated tool, is positioned by a positioning device 5, and is fixed by a clamping device of a clamping pressing bar 2, so that the blank 4 to be welded is fully attached to the tool; then, integrally lifting the single blank 4 to be welded by using a lifting mechanism 3 of the tool to separate the blank from a cutting board 1 on the tool; the lifting distance is determined according to the specific situation of the site, and the principle ensures that the interference between the cutter and the tooling chopping board can be avoided in the subsequent trimming operation;
(2) as shown in fig. 3, a milling cutter 7 is arranged on a main shaft 6 of the welding equipment, and the blank 4 to be welded is subjected to edge cutting rough machining along a preset track according to suitable cutting process parameters, wherein a 1-2mm allowance is reserved on a cutting side; the rough machining adopts the existing process according to actual needs;
(3) as shown in fig. 4, the line laser scanning device 9 is connected to the front end of the welding equipment spindle 6 through the scanning device clamping tool 8 through the tool, and it is ensured that the axis of the welding equipment spindle 6 is located in the plane where the line laser is located, in the measurement process, the welding equipment spindle 6 drives the line laser scanning device 9 to scan the welding seam edge along the cutting track, and in the scanning process, the welding equipment spindle 6 does not rotate and is in a locked state. After scanning is finished, comparing the edge profile of the welding seam obtained by scanning with a theoretical profile, thereby obtaining an error value of the machine tool in the cutting process, and then compensating the corresponding error by adjusting an NC code mode of the machine tool;
(4) as shown in fig. 5, trimming and finishing the welding seam by using the adjusted NC code;
(5) as shown in fig. 6, after all the parts to be welded are spliced, welding the spliced welding line by friction stir welding, and finally completing the whole structural member; optionally, before the final welding is performed, the line laser scanning device 9 may be clamped on the welding equipment, and the line laser scans and determines the welding quality information after the assembly by setting a corresponding scanning track.
The friction stir welding equipment is process equipment for clamping stirring pins by using various power devices and connecting parts by a friction stir process.
The welding tool is technological equipment for positioning and clamping parts to be welded so as to meet the requirements of a friction stir welding process.
The rough trimming process refers to an operation of cutting off excessive materials outside the theoretical weld position on the part to be welded, but a certain margin is left from the final theoretical position, as shown in fig. 3.
The trimming and finishing is the operation of cutting off the allowance on the part to be welded to enable the edge to reach the theoretical position.
The line laser scanning device is a laser device which emits laser beams with a line section, and the length of the line laser scanning device is different according to instruments of different types and is different from a laser device with a point beam section. The scanning device can reflect the profile information in the scanning area through the reflection condition of the laser beam.
The welding seam assembling quality refers to the welding seam gap, the welding seam staggered joint, the deviation between the track of the stirring pin and the welding seam center, the gap between a part and a back chopping block and the like in the butt welding operation, and is shown in figure 1.
The method has universality and is suitable for welding seams in various assembly forms, as shown in figure 7.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A milling and welding integrated connection method for space curve welding seams based on friction stir welding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) clamping a blank to be welded: installing a blank piece to be welded on a milling and welding integrated device, positioning by using a positioning device, and fixing the blank piece to be welded by using a clamping pressing bar clamping device so that the blank piece to be welded is fully attached to a tool;
(2) lifting the blank to be welded: lifting the single blank to be welded integrally by using the lifting mechanism of the milling and welding integrated tool so as to separate the blank from a cutting board on the milling and welding integrated tool;
(3) performing trimming rough machining on the welding seam edge of a blank to be welded;
(4) acquiring a trimming contour and compensating;
(5) trimming and finishing the welding seam;
repeating the steps to complete the splicing of all parts;
(6) after all parts to be welded are spliced, welding the spliced welding seams by using friction stir welding, and finally completing the whole structural part;
the shape of the blank to be welded is a curved surface, the projection of the blank in the horizontal direction is a fan shape, and the welding line is an arc-shaped welding line.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cut side is left with a 1-2mm margin after step (3) is completed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the trim profile is acquired using a line laser scanner.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein after step (5) is completed, the quality of the weld assembly is assessed and the welding of the parts is finally accomplished using a friction stir welding process.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the seam weld quality is assessed using a line laser scanner.
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| CN201711284965.8A CN107876964B (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2017-12-07 | Space curve weld joint milling and welding integrated connection method based on friction stir welding |
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| CN201711284965.8A CN107876964B (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2017-12-07 | Space curve weld joint milling and welding integrated connection method based on friction stir welding |
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| CN112077428A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Brush type sealing ring electron beam weld defect control method |
| CN113828908A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-24 | 黄山学院 | Non-linear interpolation variable-track friction stir welding process |
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| CN104959757A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-10-07 | 中国航天科技集团公司长征机械厂 | Tank bottom splice welding clamps and splice welding method |
| CN205057510U (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-03-02 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | It connects frock to be used for melon lamella part longitudinal joint to mill friction stir welding |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104191084B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2018-12-28 | 上海拓璞数控科技股份有限公司 | A kind of whole circumferential weld Friction Stir Welding device and its welding method of large size tank |
| CN104325359B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-08-31 | 上海交通大学 | The real-time non-cpntact measurement of a kind of local deformation amount and compensation device |
| CN104625522B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-08-17 | 中国运载火箭技术研究院 | A kind of 5M level store-vessel bottom longitudinal seam welding equipment |
| CN104772626B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-03-22 | 艾美特焊接自动化技术(北京)有限公司 | Milling and welding integrated device for upper and lower circular seams in bottom of storage box |
| CN105772812B (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-27 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | The axle mirror image milling numerical-control processing method of monolithic molding bottom five |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104959757A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-10-07 | 中国航天科技集团公司长征机械厂 | Tank bottom splice welding clamps and splice welding method |
| CN205057510U (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-03-02 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | It connects frock to be used for melon lamella part longitudinal joint to mill friction stir welding |
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