CN107872548B - Webpage linking method and device and readable storage medium - Google Patents

Webpage linking method and device and readable storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107872548B
CN107872548B CN201711107604.6A CN201711107604A CN107872548B CN 107872548 B CN107872548 B CN 107872548B CN 201711107604 A CN201711107604 A CN 201711107604A CN 107872548 B CN107872548 B CN 107872548B
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user terminal
request message
domain name
webpage
dns
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CN107872548A (en
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赵殿乐
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Beijing Knownsec Information Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Knownsec Information Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/45Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
    • H04L61/4505Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
    • H04L61/4511Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a webpage linking method, a webpage linking device and a readable storage medium. According to the scheme, the DNS server pre-stores the protocol type and the port information corresponding to the domain name and the address information of the webpage server corresponding to the domain name, and the protocol type, the port information and the address information corresponding to the domain name are automatically identified when the webpage is accessed, so that the operation steps of webpage access are simplified, and the safety of webpage access is improved. Specifically, the scheme receives a DNS request message sent by a user terminal; according to the received DNS request message, searching link data of a domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from pre-stored link data; and sending the link data of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends a webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, and the webpage server responds to the service corresponding to the webpage request message.

Description

Webpage linking method and device and readable storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internet, in particular to a webpage linking method, a webpage linking device and a readable storage medium.
Background
Currently, after sending a request to a Domain Name System (DNS), a user terminal resolves the request into an IP address and sends a message to the address of the Domain Name. When a user inputs a domain name without http or https in a browser, the default transmission http or https is selected according to the current domain name. However, in the prior art, the browser cannot identify whether the http protocol or the https protocol is started to be sent to the webpage server. If the browser defaults to http and the web server enables the http protocol, after the browser sends an http request to the web server, the browser is redirected to an http address by the web server. In the case where the web server launches a non-default port, the user needs to know the specific port that the web server launches, such as the 80(HTTP) or 443(HTTPs) port, and manually enter the port. Otherwise, the solution can only be achieved by redirection, and the http protocol is clear text and is easy to monitor, so that the security of network access is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a webpage linking method, a device and a readable storage medium, which simplify the operation steps of webpage access by automatically identifying the protocol type, the port information and the address information corresponding to the domain name, are beneficial to improving the safety of webpage access, and further solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solutions provided by the preferred embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
the preferred embodiment of the invention provides a webpage linking method, which is applied to a DNS server in communication connection with a user terminal, wherein the user terminal is in communication connection with the webpage server, the DNS server stores linking data corresponding to each domain name in advance, and the linking data comprise port information corresponding to the domain name, a protocol type and address information corresponding to the webpage server; the method comprises the following steps:
receiving a DNS request message sent by the user terminal, wherein the DNS request message is generated by the user terminal according to the received domain name;
searching link data of a domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from pre-stored link data according to the received DNS request message;
and sending the link data of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends a webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, and the webpage server responds to the service corresponding to the webpage request message.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of receiving the DNS request message sent by the user terminal includes:
and receiving a DNS request message sent by the user terminal according to a DNS protocol.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the DNS server finds that the protocol type of the domain name is an HTTPS protocol; the step of sending the link data of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends the web page request message to the web page server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data includes:
and sending the port information, the HTTPS protocol and the address information of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends the webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the HTTPS protocol and the port information.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the step of receiving the DNS request message sent by the user terminal, the method further includes:
when the web server registers a domain name to the DNS server, the port information, the protocol type, and the address information of the web server corresponding to the domain name are recorded and stored as the link data.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protocol type includes at least one of HTTP protocol, HTTPs protocol, and FTP protocol.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the port information includes at least one of port numbers 1 to 65535.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention further provides a web page linking device, which is applied to a DNS server in communication connection with a user terminal, wherein the user terminal is in communication connection with the web page server, the DNS server stores in advance link data corresponding to each domain name, and the link data includes port information corresponding to the domain name, a protocol type, and address information corresponding to the web page server; the web page linking apparatus includes:
a receiving unit, configured to receive a DNS request packet sent by the user terminal, where the DNS request packet is generated by the user terminal according to a received domain name;
the searching unit is used for searching the link data of the domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from the pre-stored link data according to the received DNS request message;
and the sending unit is used for sending the searched link data of the domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends a webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, and the webpage server responds to the service corresponding to the webpage request message.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the receiving unit is further configured to:
and receiving a DNS request message sent by the user terminal according to a DNS protocol.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the protocol type of the domain name found by the finding unit is an HTTPS protocol; the sending unit is further configured to:
and sending the port information, the HTTPS protocol and the address information of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends the webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the HTTPS protocol and the port information.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention further provides a readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program runs, the web page linking method is implemented.
Compared with the prior art, the webpage linking method, the webpage linking device and the readable storage medium provided by the invention at least have the following beneficial effects: according to the scheme provided by the invention, the DNS server pre-stores the protocol type and the port information corresponding to the domain name and the address information of the webpage server corresponding to the domain name, and the protocol type, the port information and the address information corresponding to the domain name are automatically identified when the webpage is accessed, so that the operation steps of webpage access are simplified, and the safety of webpage access is improved. Specifically, the scheme receives a DNS request message sent by a user terminal, wherein the DNS request message is generated by the user terminal according to a received domain name; according to the received DNS request message, searching link data of a domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from pre-stored link data; and sending the link data of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends a webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, and the webpage server responds to the service corresponding to the webpage request message.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is appreciated that the following drawings depict only some embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for those skilled in the art will be able to derive additional related drawings therefrom without the benefit of the inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 is an interaction diagram of a user terminal, a DNS server, and a web server according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a web page linking method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a second flowchart illustrating a web page linking method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a web page linking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 10-a DNS server; 11-a processing unit; 12-a communication unit; 13-a storage unit; 20-a user terminal; 30-a web server; 100-web page linking means; 110-a receiving unit; 120-a lookup unit; 130-a transmitting unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, an interaction diagram of a user terminal 20, a DNS server 10 and a web server 30 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. Each DNS server 10 provided by the present invention is communicatively connectable to at least one user terminal 20 via a network, and each user terminal 20 is communicatively connectable to at least one web server 30 via a network.
Further, the user terminal 20 may be, but is not limited to, a smart phone, a Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), and the like. The network may be, but is not limited to, a wired network or a wireless network.
In the prior art, when the user terminal 20 sends a web page request to the web page server 30, if the default protocol type of the browser is not consistent with the default protocol type of the web page server 30, the web page server 30 needs to redirect the web page request. If the web server 30 has no default protocol port, the web request cannot be sent to the corresponding web server 30, thereby affecting the user's network access. Although the port information corresponding to the web page request may be manually input in the prior art so that the web page request is transmitted to the web server 30, this operation may easily reduce the user experience.
How to provide a fast and effective web page linking method, which can quickly and effectively identify the protocol type and port information of the domain name input by the user and the address information of the web page server 30 corresponding to the domain name, so that the user can simply and quickly access the web page through the user terminal 20, is a big problem for those skilled in the art. In view of the above problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive research and research to provide the following embodiments to solve the above problems. The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1 again, in the present embodiment, the DNS server 10 may include a processing unit 11, a communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a network link device. The processing unit 11, the communication unit 12, the storage unit 13 and the network link device are electrically connected directly or indirectly to realize data transmission or interaction. For example, the components may be electrically connected to each other via one or more communication buses or signal lines.
The processing unit 11 may be a processor. For example, the Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), or the like; but may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or performed.
The communication unit 12 is configured to establish a communication connection between the DNS server 10 and the user terminal 20 via a network, and to transmit and receive data via the network.
The storage unit 13 may be, but is not limited to, a random access memory, a read only memory, a programmable read only memory, an erasable programmable read only memory, an electrically erasable programmable read only memory, and the like. In this embodiment, the storage unit 13 may be used for link data, where the link data includes a protocol type corresponding to a domain name, port information, and address information of the web server 30 corresponding to the domain name. Of course, the memory may also be used for storing a program, which the processing unit 11 executes upon receiving an execution instruction.
Further, the network link device includes at least one software function module which can be stored in the storage unit 13 in the form of software or firmware (firmware) or is fixed in an Operating System (OS) of the DNS server 10. The processing unit 11 is used for executing executable modules stored in the storage unit 13, such as software functional modules and computer programs included in the network link device.
It is understood that the structure of the DNS server 10 shown in fig. 1 is only a structural schematic diagram of the DNS server 10, and the DNS server 10 may include more or less components than those shown in fig. 1. The components of the DNS server 10 shown in fig. 1 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is a flowchart illustrating a web page linking method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The web page linking method provided by the present invention can be performed by the DNS server 10 shown in fig. 1. The DNS server 10 is in communication connection with the user terminal 20, the user terminal 20 is in communication connection with the web server 30, and the DNS server 10 may store link data corresponding to each domain name in advance, where the link data includes, but is not limited to, port information corresponding to the domain name, a protocol type, and address information corresponding to the web server 30. It should be noted that the web page linking method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the specific sequence shown in fig. 2 and described below. In this embodiment, the web page linking method may include the steps of:
step S210, receiving a DNS request packet sent by the user terminal 20, where the DNS request packet is generated by the user terminal 20 according to the received domain name.
Optionally, step S210 may include: receiving a DNS request message sent by the user terminal 20 according to the DNS protocol. That is, the user terminal 20 can transmit the DNS request message to the DNS server 10 by the DNS protocol.
It should be noted that the protocol type in the link data includes, but is not limited to, an HTTP protocol, an HTTPs protocol, an FTP protocol, etc., and the port information in the link data may be one or more of a port number 1 to a port number 65535, for example, the port information is an 80 port (or a port number), a 443 port (or a port number), etc. corresponding to the web server 30, where the protocol type and the port number are not specifically limited.
Step S220, according to the received DNS request message, searching for link data of a domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from pre-stored link data.
In this embodiment, the DNS request message is associated with a domain name entered by the user via the user terminal 20, and the link data is associated with the corresponding domain name and stored on the DNS server 10 prior to the lookup. That is, the DNS server 10 can find the link data corresponding to the domain name of the DNS request according to the DNS request, thereby obtaining the port information of the domain name input by the user, the protocol type, and the address information of the web server 30 that needs to be connected.
Step S230, sending the link data of the found domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal 20, so that the user terminal 20 sends a web page request message to the web page server 30 corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, so that the web page server 30 responds to a service corresponding to the web page request message.
In this embodiment, if the DNS server 10 finds that the protocol type of the domain name is the HTTPS protocol, the DNS server 10 sends the port information, the HTTPS protocol, and the address information of the domain name corresponding to the DNS request packet that are found to the user terminal 20, so that the user terminal 20 sends the web page request packet to the web page server 30 corresponding to the address information according to the HTTPS protocol and the port information. The web server 30 responds to the request according to the web page request message, so that the user terminal 20 can access the web page corresponding to the web page request message. For example, the user may access a web page corresponding to the input domain name through a browser application on the user terminal 20, so as to obtain corresponding data (e.g., pictures, texts, audio, video, etc.).
In the prior art, if the protocol type of the domain name is HTTPS, the default of the browser is HTTP, and after the browser sends an HTTP request to the web server 30, the web server 30 redirects to an HTTPS address, and the HTTP protocol is plaintext and is easily monitored, which results in low security of network access.
Based on the design, for the website which enables the HTTPS protocol, the clear text transmission of the HTTP can be completely abandoned, so that the encryption process from the access to the DNS server 10 to the access to the webpage server 30 is realized, the malicious hijacking is prevented when the HTTP transmission is adopted, and the webpage access security is further improved. In addition, the scheme provided by the invention can automatically identify the link data of the domain name input by the user, and can switch the port number (namely port information) of the domain name and the switching protocol type at any time according to the actual situation of the user without adopting a method of redirecting HTTP. Moreover, for the website with the non-default port enabled by the web server 30, the user does not need to remember the port number, the problem that the DNS server 10 needs to provide the http 3xx redirection function to realize the web access is solved, the operation of the user for accessing the web page is simpler and more convenient, and the user experience is facilitated to be improved.
It is worth mentioning that the http 3xx redirection includes, but is not limited to, 301 redirection, 302 redirection, 303 redirection, etc., and is not limited in particular here.
Fig. 3 is a second flowchart illustrating a web page linking method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, before step S210, the method may further include step S240.
In step S240, when the web server 30 registers a domain name with the DNS server 10, the port information, the protocol type, and the address information of the web server 30 corresponding to the domain name are recorded and stored as the link data.
It can be understood that when a merchant corresponding to the web server 30 registers a domain name with the DNS server 10, the port information, the protocol type, and the address information of the web server 30 of the registered domain name are reported, and the DNS server 10 may store the port information, the protocol type, and the address information of the web server 30 of the registered domain name as the link data through a mirror mapping record. A plurality of link data may be stored in a database stored in the above-mentioned storage unit 13. When the DNS server 10 receives the DNS request message, the link data of the domain name corresponding to the DNS request message can be found from the database.
It should be noted that the DNS request message sent by the user terminal 20 and the received DNS response message (the DNS response message is a message sent by the DNS server 10 to the user terminal 20 in response to the DNS request message, and the DNS response message includes the link data) may be extended by a DNS protocol in the prior art to support the address information, the port information, and the protocol type of the web server 30 carried by the web page request message. The DNS request message and the DNS response message both refer to a request message and a response message corresponding to the expanded DNS protocol.
Referring to fig. 4, a block diagram of a web page linking apparatus 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The preferred embodiment of the present invention further provides a web page linking apparatus 100, which can be matched with a web page linking direction, and is used for identifying a protocol type, port information and address information of a domain name input by a user through the user terminal 20, so that the user terminal 20 can quickly and safely access a web page corresponding to the domain name. The web page linking apparatus 100 may include a receiving unit 110, a searching unit 120, and a transmitting unit 130.
A receiving unit 110, configured to receive a DNS request packet sent by the user terminal 20, where the DNS request packet is generated by the user terminal 20 according to a received domain name.
Further, the receiving unit 110 is further configured to receive a DNS request message sent by the user terminal 20 according to the DNS protocol. Specifically, the content of the operation specifically performed by the receiving unit 110 may refer to the detailed description of step S210 in fig. 2, and is not described herein again.
The searching unit 120 is configured to search, according to the received DNS request packet, link data of a domain name corresponding to the DNS request packet from pre-stored link data. Specifically, the content of the operation specifically performed by the search unit 120 may refer to the detailed description of step S220 in fig. 2, and is not described herein again.
A sending unit 130, configured to send the found link data of the domain name corresponding to the DNS request packet to the user terminal 20, so that the user terminal 20 sends a web page request packet to the web page server 30 corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, so that the web page server 30 responds to a service corresponding to the web page request packet.
Further, if the lookup unit 120 finds that the protocol type of the domain name is an HTTPS protocol, the sending unit 130 is further configured to: and sending the found port information, HTTPS protocol, and address information of the domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal 20, so that the user terminal 20 sends the web page request message to the web page server 30 corresponding to the address information according to the HTTPS protocol and the port information. Specifically, the content of the operation specifically performed by the sending unit 130 may refer to the detailed description of step S230 in fig. 2, and is not described herein again.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention further provides a readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program runs, the web page linking method in the above embodiments can be implemented.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented by hardware, or by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.), and includes several instructions to make a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute the method described in the embodiments of the present invention.
In summary, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for linking web pages, and a readable storage medium. According to the scheme, the DNS server pre-stores the protocol type and the port information corresponding to the domain name and the address information of the webpage server corresponding to the domain name, and the protocol type, the port information and the address information corresponding to the domain name are automatically identified when the webpage is accessed, so that the operation steps of webpage access are simplified, and the safety of webpage access is improved. Specifically, the scheme receives a DNS request message sent by a user terminal, wherein the DNS request message is generated by the user terminal according to a received domain name; according to the received DNS request message, searching link data of a domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from pre-stored link data; and sending the link data of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends a webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, and the webpage server responds to the service corresponding to the webpage request message.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The webpage linking method is characterized by being applied to a DNS server in communication connection with a user terminal, wherein the user terminal is in communication connection with the webpage server, the DNS server stores link data corresponding to each domain name in advance, and the link data comprise port information corresponding to the domain name, a protocol type and address information corresponding to the webpage server; the method comprises the following steps:
receiving a DNS request message sent by the user terminal, wherein the DNS request message is generated by the user terminal according to the received domain name;
searching link data of a domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from pre-stored link data according to the received DNS request message;
sending the link data of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends a webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, and the webpage server responds to a service corresponding to the webpage request message, wherein if the DNS server finds that the protocol type of the domain name is an HTTPS protocol; the step of sending the link data of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends the web page request message to the web page server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data includes:
and sending the port information, the HTTPS protocol and the address information of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends the webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the HTTPS protocol and the port information.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving the DNS request message sent by the user terminal comprises:
and receiving a DNS request message sent by the user terminal according to a DNS protocol.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein before the step of receiving the DNS request message sent by the user terminal, the method further comprises:
when the web server registers a domain name to the DNS server, the port information, the protocol type, and the address information of the web server corresponding to the domain name are recorded and stored as the link data.
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the protocol type comprises at least one of the HTTP protocol, the HTTPs protocol, the FTP protocol.
5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the port information comprises at least one of 1-65535 port numbers.
6. The webpage linking device is characterized by being applied to a DNS server in communication connection with a user terminal, wherein the user terminal is in communication connection with the webpage server, the DNS server stores link data corresponding to each domain name in advance, and the link data comprise port information corresponding to the domain name, a protocol type and address information corresponding to the webpage server; the web page linking apparatus includes:
a receiving unit, configured to receive a DNS request packet sent by the user terminal, where the DNS request packet is generated by the user terminal according to a received domain name;
the searching unit is used for searching the link data of the domain name corresponding to the DNS request message from the pre-stored link data according to the received DNS request message;
a sending unit, configured to send link data of a found domain name corresponding to the DNS request packet to the user terminal, so that the user terminal sends a web page request packet to a web server corresponding to the address information according to the obtained link data, so that the web server responds to a service corresponding to the web page request packet, and if the protocol type of the domain name found by the finding unit is an HTTPS protocol; the sending unit is further configured to:
and sending the port information, the HTTPS protocol and the address information of the searched domain name corresponding to the DNS request message to the user terminal so that the user terminal sends the webpage request message to a webpage server corresponding to the address information according to the HTTPS protocol and the port information.
7. The apparatus for linking web pages according to claim 6, wherein said receiving unit is further configured to:
and receiving a DNS request message sent by the user terminal according to a DNS protocol.
8. A readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored in the readable storage medium, and when the computer program runs, the method for linking web pages according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.
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