CN107870406A - A kind of fast automatic focusing algorithm based on liquid lens - Google Patents
A kind of fast automatic focusing algorithm based on liquid lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN107870406A CN107870406A CN201711077450.0A CN201711077450A CN107870406A CN 107870406 A CN107870406 A CN 107870406A CN 201711077450 A CN201711077450 A CN 201711077450A CN 107870406 A CN107870406 A CN 107870406A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
- G02B7/36—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/32—Means for focusing
- G03B13/34—Power focusing
- G03B13/36—Autofocus systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fast automatic focusing method based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that the fast automatic focusing method includes：S1：Coarse adjustment is carried out to focusing range：Adjustable range based on liquid lens, the adjustable range is divided into N equal portions, reduces adjustable range by calculating per the trend of the definition of equal portions cut-point；S2：Fine tuning is carried out to focusing range：Fine tuning is carried out to the scope after coarse adjustment using golden search algorithms.The present invention characterizes definition, amount of calculation very little in coarse tuning stage using the difference of grey level histogram.And eliminate highlighted and dark portion pixel influence.In the fine setting stage, choose less pixel and enter calculating, each iteration further reduces amount of calculation.Characterized using the gray difference average at edge in the width at edge and brightness be considered in by definition, improve stability.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention is related to optical imaging field, and in particular to a kind of auto focusing method based on liquid lens.
Background technology
Traditional motor camera lens focuses on deadline length automatically, and service life is short.The science of California, USA university
Family invented liquid lens, it by changing the shape that thickness is only crescent surface at 8mm two kinds of different liquid junctions,
Realize the change of focal length.This liquid lens have taken into account compact structure and low cost for traditional zoom system, pancreatic system
Both sides advantage.
Traditional zoom lens is to realize zoom by adjusting the distance between camera lens of two fixed focal lengths.Liquid mirror
Head then adjusts focal length by changing the pressure of liquid.So equipment can realize change in the fixed distance of a very little
Burnt system.According to the experiment of the scientist of University of California, this liquid lens are very easy to batch production, and cost
To significantly it decline.The input of liquid lens is magnitude of voltage, without use motor rotating lens
It is not unique, but has its counterpart, and French Varioptic companies will have issued one the end of the year in 2004 and employed electricity for mobile phone
The liquid lens patent of sub- technology.Using the mobile phone of this camera lens, as long as adding several oil drippings or water in camera lens, it is possible to allow
Camera lens realizes autozoom, and focus is placed on exactly on the object for needing to take pictures.
It is existing but existing liquid lens are typically all to be focused on based on sharpness evaluation function come the liquid lens carried out
Some sharpness evaluation functions, grey scale change function, frequency domain analysis and gradation of image entropy function etc. can be divided into.
Frequency domain analysis, high-frequency information represent noise, edge and jump, and low frequency component represents background area and Man Bian areas
Domain, the algorithm can be influenceed by noise；Grey scale change function, focusedimage become than out-of-focus image image comprising more gray scales
Change, the change of image intensity value can be used as evaluation function, such as image variance function；Gradation of image entropy function, the gray scale of image
What entropy reflected is the abundant information degree of image, and gradation of image entropy can also be used as evaluation function.
But Image Definition is needed with stronger unimodality, preferable unbiasedness and higher sensitive
Degree.And in practical implementations, the size of amount of calculation is also an important index.
Therefore, the existing focus method for liquid lens be required for by the algorithm of complexity being focused, it is necessary to
High performance control chip is equipped with, in addition, response speed of the existing focus method in focus search is also difficult to meet demand.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention devises a kind of auto focusing method for being directed to liquid lens.The side of the present invention
Method is low to system requirements, focusing speed is fast, cost is low, is suitable for commercial Application.
For problems of the prior art, present inventor considers the performance of different readability images
It is far from each other, therefore searching algorithm be divide into two stages, in order to reduce amount of calculation and improve the influence to noise bad point,
Two search phases employ different sharpness computation methods.Improve focusing speed sensitivity and noise immunity, reduce calculating
Amount.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of fast automatic focusing method based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that described
Fast automatic focusing method includes：
S1：Coarse adjustment is carried out to focusing range：Adjustable range based on liquid lens, the adjustable range is divided into N equal portions, led to
Cross and calculate per the trend of the definition of equal portions cut-point to reduce adjustable range；
S2：Fine tuning is carried out to focusing range：Fine tuning is carried out to the scope after coarse adjustment using golden search algorithms.
Preferably, carrying out the step S1 of coarse adjustment includes：Adjustable range is normalized expression, and after representing normalization
Adjustable range carry out N deciles.
Preferably, carrying out the step S1 of coarse adjustment also includes：Using the length of unit equal portions as step-length, to each model of institute's decile
Image definition in enclosing carries out traversal search, and the scope traveled through every time is designated as ai(1≤i≤N) is if clear when the i-th step
Degree occurs declining or equal, diminution definition hunting zone to ai-2ai-1ai。
Preferably, carrying out the step S1 of coarse adjustment also includes：If i=1, definition hunting zone is reduced to a0a1；If
Whole adjustable range does not decline, it is determined that a100For focus point.
Preferably, carrying out the step S2 of fine tuning includes：Hunting zone after being terminated using coarse adjustment as initial search frequency range, if
Determine fine tuning initial search frequency range [Vmin, Vmax], the first Searching point V is set according to the following formulastart=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×618+
1000))Vmaxpoint=Vstart, the value is initialized as the magnitude of voltage at utmost sharpness, Vmax=Vstart。
Preferably, carrying out the step S2 of fine tuning also includes determining the second Searching point based on following formula：VSencod=(Vmin+
((Vmax-Vmin)×382+1000))。
Preferably for n-th of Searching point, n>2, the judgement searched for next time based on definition and magnitude of voltage.
Preferably, methods described also includes edge detecting step, input of the marginal point detected as sharpness computation.
In a kind of preferred implementation, in fine tuning step, it is clear to be characterized using the average difference values of edge pixel
Degree
Wherein GarymaxIt is edge maximum, GaryminFor the minimum value of edge.
On the other hand, the present invention provides a kind of liquid lens, it is characterised in that the liquid lens include voltage controller
With controlled camera lens, the voltage controller uses described method to be controlled the voltage of the controlled camera lens.
Beneficial effect：
The method of the present invention characterizes definition, amount of calculation very little in coarse tuning stage using the difference of grey level histogram.And go
Except highlighted and dark portion pixel influence.(influence of these pixels in the statistic algorithm of definition is very big, highlights and dark portion picture
The variation very little in focusing of element, the definition evaluation that is introduced as of these pixels have negative effect)
In the fine setting stage, choose less pixel and enter calculating, each iteration further reduces amount of calculation.Utilize edge
Gray difference average is characterized in the width at edge and brightness be considered in by definition, improves stability.Intercept edge
10% to 90% width as edge, it is therefore prevented that the influence of noise and bad point.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the indicative flowchart of the auto-focusing algorithm of the present invention；
The auto-focusing algorithm that Fig. 2 is the present invention determined during fine tuning the schematic diagram of the second Searching point；
Fig. 3 is the processing mode of special circumstances；
Fig. 4 is that current point definition is bigger than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is small
In the case of, determine the mode of next hunting zone；
Fig. 5 is that current point definition is bigger than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is big
In the case of, determine the mode of next hunting zone；
Fig. 6 is that current point definition is smaller than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is small
In the case of, determine the mode of next hunting zone；
Fig. 7 is that current point definition is smaller than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is big
In the case of, determine the mode of next hunting zone；
Fig. 8 is endpoint detections schematic diagram (pixel for only choosing 10%-90% gray values)；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of rim detection.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but not therefore by the protection model of the present invention
Enclose and be limited among the scope of embodiment description.
The auto focusing method based on gradient of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, in the present embodiment, the process of auto-focusing is largely divided into two steps：Coarse tuning stage and fine tuning stage.Slightly
The process in tune stage includes obtaining current frame image, big step-length traversal magnitude of voltage and measures the image definition of traversal point, will be all over
The image definition gone through is contrasted with utmost sharpness, and replaces original maximum clearly with the new utmost sharpness obtained
Degree, reduce contracting contracting scope using the average of histogram image definition difference.The fine tuning stage includes：Determine fine tuning hunting zone,
Acquisition current frame image, the gray difference average for carrying out rim detection, determining edge, golden search algorithms are utilized to reduce search model
Enclose, find best focal point.
Searching algorithm is exactly briefly the definition for comparing current point and maximum definition, and current voltage and maximum are clear
Voltage at clear degree, the voltage for going to search for is calculated by the two result of the comparison.First Searching point is equal to initially
Change a utmost sharpness and voltage, second is initialized as first current point.By that analogy, next electricity is constantly calculated
Pressure, and update utmost sharpness and hunting zone.
The detailed process of each step is illustrated below.
1st, coarse tuning stage
1.1 coarse adjustment searching algorithms
To reduce search step of focusing, start with big step-length in focusing and carry out coarse adjustment.
Assuming that the voltage regulation limits of liquid lens are [0,100], only schematically illustrate here (or can also
Voltage regulation limits are normalized), adjustable range is set to N equal portions, here so that N takes 10 as an example.Because adjustable range is 100,
It is divided into 10 equal portions, so step-length is 10.10 are used to adjust hunting zone for step-length, i.e. the magnitude of voltage for focusing to be adjusted, to phase
The image obtained during magnitude of voltage is answered to enter line definition contrast, the scope traveled through every time is designated as ai(1≤i≤10).Because generally
In the case of, when being focused on from edge to centre, definition should be gradually increasing, if declining occurs in definition when the i-th step
Or it is equal, definition hunting zone is reduced to at-2 at-1 at, coarse tuning stage terminates.
Boundary condition treatment：
If i=1, definition hunting zone is reduced to a0a1。
If whole adjustable range does not decline, it is determined that a100For focus point.
In addition, for highlighted and influence of the dark portion region to calculating of reduction, filtered out when calculating and be more than 240 ashes less than 20
The pixel of angle value.
The sharpness computation mode of 1.2 coarse tuning stages
To reduce amount of calculation, definition is characterized using the difference for calculating grey level histogram.Specific calculating process is as follows：
Coarse adjustment is carried out under the scheme described in 1.1 as definition values i.e. using diff_sum in coarse tuning stage.Relative to
Sobel operators enter line definition analysis, it is possible to reduce about 90% amount of calculation.(each pixel of Sobel operators needs 11 times
Calculate, only need once to calculate herein, finally carrying out the calculating of a histogram difference sum.Because during big step-length adjustment, clearly
Clear degree change is apparent therefore from the less method of amount of calculation)
2.1 fine tuning searching algorithms
Focus point search is carried out using golden search method in the fine tuning stage.
Searching algorithm uses golden search method, and hunting zone is the hunting zone [a, b] reduced after coarse adjustment terminates.The algorithm
Step is as follows：
1) hunting zone is initialized, magnitude of voltage is [a, b], and b-a is voltage hunting zone.
Vmin=ai Vmax=b
I.e. hunting zone is [Vmin, Vmax]
2) first Searching point is
Vstart=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×618+1000))
Vmaxpoint=Vstart；When fine tuning starts, using this value as the magnitude of voltage at initialization utmost sharpness
Vmax=Vstart
3) second Searching point is
VSencod=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×382+1000))
Search procedure is as shown in Figure 2.
4) by that analogy, it may be determined that n-th of Searching point (n>2)
5) four kinds of situations are shared, it is necessary to make the following judgment after the image of n-th Searching point determines, two kinds are equal to and belong to
Special circumstances, the processing mode of special circumstances are shown in that algorithm stops situation, as shown in Figure 3.It is per treatment, will compare definition and
Magnitude of voltage.It is combined with each other and shares 6 kinds of situations.(as long as because there is equal, i.e. a, processing into special circumstances).Search is calculated
Method schematic diagram, it is divided into four kinds of situations
Situation 1：Current point definition is bigger than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is small
As shown in figure 4, rightmost side point is original maximum of points, the point at midpoint is current point, and left-hand point is then to calculate
Next magnitude of voltage.Current point definition is bigger than maximum definition, and voltage ratio maximum is small, then hunting zone is reduced to electricity
Press magnitude of voltage of the minimum value at definition maximum.
Hunting zone is reduced, now hunting zone is [Vmin, Vmaxpoint]：
Vmax=Vmaxpoint；
The voltage adjusted next time is as follows：
Vnewt=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×382+1000))
Situation 2：Current point definition is bigger than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is big
As shown in figure 5, left-hand point is original maximum of points, intermediate point is current point, and right-hand point is then to calculate down
One magnitude of voltage.Current point definition is bigger than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is big, then searches
Rope scope is reduced to magnitude of voltage of the voltage of definition maximum at maximum.
Hunting zone is reduced, now hunting zone is [Vmin, Vmaxpoint]：
Vmax=Vmaxpoint；
The voltage adjusted next time is as follows：
Vmax=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×618+1000))
Situation 3：Current point definition is smaller than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is small
Intermediate point as shown in Figure 6 is original maximum of points, and left-hand point is current point, and right-hand point is then next to calculate
Individual magnitude of voltage.Current point definition is smaller than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is small, then searches for
Scope is reduced to magnitude of voltage of the voltage of current definition at maximum.
Hunting zone is reduced, now hunting zone is [current voltage, Vmaxpoint]：
Vmin=current voltage；
The voltage adjusted next time is as follows：
VNewt=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×382÷1000))
Situation 4：Current point definition is smaller than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is big.
As shown in fig. 7, intermediate point is original maximum of points, right-hand point is current point, and left-hand point is then to calculate down
One magnitude of voltage.Current point definition is smaller than definition maximum definition, and the voltage of voltage ratio definition maximum is big, then searches
Rope scope is reduced to voltage minimum to the magnitude of voltage of current definition.
Hunting zone is reduced, now hunting zone is [current voltage, Vmaxpoint]：
Vmin=current voltage；
The voltage adjusted next time is as follows：
Vnewt=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×618+1000))
6) algorithm stops situation
Stopping situation 1：Hunting zone is contracted to 1, and " 1 " here refers to normalizing to voltage range after 100
1, can be minimum search range given threshold according to the span of voltage if without normalization, such as, work as contraction
When scope is less than 0.1V.
Processing method：Exported voltage corresponding to maximum as focus point.
Stopping situation 2：Current definition is equal to utmost sharpness.
Processing method：Current search scope is traveled through, contrasts definition, updates maximum.Voltage corresponding to maximum is made
Exported for focus point.
Stopping situation 3：Current voltage is equal to the voltage at utmost sharpness.
Processing method：Travel through current search scope, contrast definition, renewal maximum using voltage corresponding to maximum as
Focus point exports.
The sharpness computation mode in 2.2 fine tuning stages
(1) calculation of definition
Due to the sign definition that in the fine tuning stage, histogram data can not have been stablized, while to ensure effect
Reduction amount of calculation is taken into account, enters line definition using the average difference values for calculating edge pixel and compares.Concrete principle is image border
Pixel value be gradual change, while as definition improves, the quantity of image border is also reducing, and the difference of gray value exists
Gradually increase.Therefore definition is characterized using the average difference values of edge pixel.
Wherein GarymaxIt is edge maximum, GaryminFor the minimum value of edge.
NUM is pixel quantity of the edge pixel value 10% to 90%.(in order to reduce the shadow of edge noise and bad point
Ring, because the situation of erroneous judgement occurs at head and the tail both ends in rim detection), as shown in Figure 8.
(2) selection of the point at edge
The first step of fine tuning is input of the selection marginal point as sharpness computation.To reduce the amount of calculation of rim detection,
Ranks edge inspection area the most at the vertical and horizontal center of focal zone selection image.
As shown in Figure 9：
Edge indicator function uses sobel operators.
The template that vertical line uses is as follows：
The template that horizontal line uses is as follows：
Continuous three points are more than threshold value and are then determined as edge (threshold value is the 5% of current pixel value).Edge length and gray scale
The maximum conduct of difference is marginal point, carries out sharpness computation every time and only chooses input of the marginal point as search function.
It is the influence for reducing noise using the advantages of this edge detection method, it is excellent on the basis of soblel detection algorithms
Change edge to judge, improve the unimodality of definition algorithm.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, any formal limitation is not done to the present invention, it is all at this
Within the spirit and principle of invention, the technical spirit according to the present invention is to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent
Change and modification, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Although the principle of the present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, this area skill
Art personnel are it should be understood that above-described embodiment is only the explanation to the exemplary implementation of the present invention, not to present invention bag
Restriction containing scope.Details in embodiment is simultaneously not meant to limit the scope of the invention, in the spirit without departing substantially from the present invention and
In the case of scope, any equivalent transformation based on technical solution of the present invention, simple replacement etc. are obvious to be changed, and is all fallen within
Within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of fast automatic focusing method based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that the fast automatic focusing method includes：
S1：Coarse adjustment is carried out to focusing range：Adjustable range based on liquid lens, the adjustable range is divided into N equal portions, passes through meter
Calculate per the trend of the definition of equal portions cut-point to reduce adjustable range；
S2：Fine tuning is carried out to focusing range：Fine tuning is carried out to the scope after coarse adjustment using golden search algorithms.
2. the fast automatic focusing method according to claim 1 based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that carry out coarse adjustment
Step S1 includes：Expression is normalized to adjustable range, and N deciles are carried out to the adjustable range after normalization expression.
3. the fast automatic focusing method according to claim 2 based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that carry out coarse adjustment
Step S1 also includes：Using the length of unit equal portions as step-length, the image definition in each scope of institute's decile is traveled through
Search, the scope traveled through every time are designated as ai(1≤i≤N) reduces if definition occurs declining or equal when the i-th step
Definition hunting zone is to ai-2ai-1ai。
4. the fast automatic focusing method according to claim 3 based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that carry out coarse adjustment
Step S1 also includes：If i=1, definition hunting zone is reduced to a0a1；If whole adjustable range does not decline,
Then determine a100For focus point.
5. the fast automatic focusing method based on liquid lens according to any one in claim 1-4, its feature exist
In,
Carrying out the step S2 of fine tuning includes：Hunting zone after being terminated using coarse adjustment is initial as initial search frequency range, setting fine tuning
Hunting zone [Vmin, Vmax], the first Searching point is set according to the following formula
Vstart=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×618+1000))
Vmaxpoint=Vstart, the value is initialized as the magnitude of voltage at utmost sharpness, Vmax=Vstart。
6. the fast automatic focusing method according to claim 5 based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that carry out fine tuning
Step S2 also includes determining the second Searching point based on following formula：
VSencod=(Vmin+((Vmax-Vmin)×382+1000))。
7. the fast automatic focusing method according to claim 5 based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that for n-th
Searching point, n ＞ 2, the judgement searched for next time based on definition and magnitude of voltage.
8. the fast automatic focusing method according to claim 1 based on liquid lens, it is characterised in that methods described is also
Including edge detecting step, input of the marginal point detected as sharpness computation.
9. a kind of liquid lens, it is characterised in that the liquid lens include voltage controller and controlled camera lens, the voltage control
Device processed uses the method in claim 1-8 described in any one to be controlled the voltage of the controlled camera lens.
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| CN109361876A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-02-19 | 广州医软智能科技有限公司 | Focusing circuit, method and microcirculation imaging device |
| CN109696788A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-30 | 武汉精立电子技术有限公司 | A kind of fast automatic focusing method based on display panel |
| CN111698420A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-22 | 桂林优利特医疗电子有限公司 | Automatic focusing method for image analyzer |
| CN113313713A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-27 | 南京帝感智能科技有限公司 | Method and system for online detection of burrs of lithium battery pole piece |
| CN113960704B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-10-27 | 深圳技术大学 | Automatic focusing method and device for liquid lens and storage medium |
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