CN107863527B - Composite negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN107863527B
CN107863527B CN201710927689.6A CN201710927689A CN107863527B CN 107863527 B CN107863527 B CN 107863527B CN 201710927689 A CN201710927689 A CN 201710927689A CN 107863527 B CN107863527 B CN 107863527B
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姚尧
陈海
田魏
张军
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Jilin Juneng new carbon material Co., Ltd.
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a composite negative electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite negative electrode material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 31-39 parts of graphite tailings, 3-7 parts of yttrium nitrate, 13-21 parts of chloroplatinic acid, 515-12 parts of epoxy resin E, 3-7 parts of diethylenetriamine and 10-20 parts of graphite. Mixing and grinding graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, mixing with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating and stirring; then adding a diethylenetriamine solution, heating and stirring, then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying, then uniformly mixing with graphite, crushing, mixing with epoxy resin E51, and calcining to obtain the epoxy resin. The prepared negative electrode material has good electrochemical performance, and can improve the reversible specific capacity, the charge-discharge efficiency, the cycle performance stability and the rate performance of the lithium ion battery; the method can also recycle the graphite tailings, has extremely obvious effect and simple preparation process, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Description

Composite negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a composite negative electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Compared with the traditional lead-acid and nickel-cadmium secondary batteries, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, high specific energy, wide working temperature range, stable discharge, long cycle life, no memory effect and the like, so that the lithium ion battery serving as a novel energy storage power supply is widely applied to the fields of communication equipment, electric tools, aerospace and the like.
With the continuous progress of the technology, people put forward higher requirements on lithium ion batteries, and the lithium ion batteries with the performances of high energy density, high rate performance, long cycle life, high safety coefficient and the like gradually become research hotspots of people. Graphite is the main commercial carbon negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery at present. The graphene is also paid more and more attention, but the graphite and the graphene are expensive and are limited in application. The graphite tailings are low in cost, occupy a large amount of earth surface, damage the land, and are very easy to cause landslide and debris flow accidents, but the graphite tailings have poor effect in batteries, cannot be directly used and need to be treated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite negative electrode material, a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a composite negative electrode material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 31-39 parts of graphite tailings, 3-7 parts of yttrium nitrate, 13-21 parts of chloroplatinic acid, 515-12 parts of epoxy resin E, 3-7 parts of diethylenetriamine and 10-20 parts of graphite.
As a further scheme of the invention: the composite negative electrode material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33-37 parts of graphite tailings, 4-6 parts of yttrium nitrate, 15-19 parts of chloroplatinic acid, 517-10 parts of epoxy resin E, 4-6 parts of diethylenetriamine and 12-18 parts of graphite.
As a further scheme of the invention: the composite negative electrode material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of graphite tailings, 5 parts of yttrium nitrate, 17 parts of chloroplatinic acid, 518 parts of epoxy resin E, 5 parts of diethylenetriamine and 15 parts of graphite.
A preparation method of the composite anode material comprises the following steps:
1) mixing chloroplatinic acid with deionized water with the mass of 7.5-8 times of that of the chloroplatinic acid to prepare a chloroplatinic acid solution; mixing diethylenetriamine with deionized water in an amount of 4.5 to 5 times the mass of the diethylenetriamine to prepare a diethylenetriamine solution;
2) mixing and grinding the graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, sieving the mixture through a sieve with the temperature of 100-150 meshes, then mixing the mixture with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating to the temperature of 58-60 ℃, stirring for 50-60min at the temperature, heating to the temperature of 120-125 ℃, and sealing and stirring for 25-30min at the temperature; then adding diethylenetriamine solution, stirring for 1.5-1.8h at the temperature of 80-82 ℃, and then performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A;
3) and uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing the mixture, sieving the mixture by a sieve with 120-fold sand and 150 meshes, uniformly mixing the mixture A and the epoxy resin E51, calcining the mixture for 5.5 to 6 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃ in a protective atmosphere, and calcining the mixture for 8 to 10 hours at the temperature of 1500-fold sand and 1600 ℃ to obtain the catalyst.
As a further scheme of the invention: the protective atmosphere adopts one of helium, nitrogen and argon.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step 2), the stirring speed after mixing with the chloroplatinic acid solution is 250-300 r/min.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step 2), the stirring speed after adding the diethylenetriamine solution is 180-200 r/min.
The invention also aims to provide application of the composite negative electrode material in a battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the chloroplatinic acid and diethylenetriamine are adopted to treat the graphite tailings, and the negative electrode material prepared by other processes has good electrochemical performance, and can improve the reversible specific capacity, the charge-discharge efficiency, the cycle performance stability and the rate capability of the lithium ion battery; the method can also recycle the graphite tailings, has extremely obvious effect, simple preparation process, convenient operation, wide raw material source and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. Can be used as a new cathode material applied to the field of lithium ion batteries and has excellent electrochemical performance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In an embodiment of the invention, the composite anode material comprises the following raw materials: 31kg of graphite tailings, 3kg of yttrium nitrate, 13kg of chloroplatinic acid, epoxy resin E515 kg, 3kg of diethylenetriamine and 10kg of graphite.
Mixing chloroplatinic acid with deionized water with the mass of which is 7.5 times that of the chloroplatinic acid to prepare a chloroplatinic acid solution; diethylene triamine was mixed with deionized water in an amount of 4.5 times the mass of the mixture to prepare a diethylene triamine solution. Mixing and grinding graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, sieving the mixture by a 100-mesh sieve, mixing the mixture with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating to 58 ℃, stirring at the temperature for 50min, heating to 120 ℃, and sealing and stirring at the temperature for 25 min; wherein the stirring speed after mixing with the chloroplatinic acid solution is 250 r/min. Then adding a diethylenetriamine solution, stirring at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 1.5h, and then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A; the stirring speed after the addition of the diethylenetriamine solution was 180 r/min. And uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing, sieving by a 120-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing with epoxy resin E51, calcining for 5.5 hours at 500 ℃ in a helium atmosphere, and calcining for 8 hours at 1500 ℃.
Example 2
In an embodiment of the invention, the composite anode material comprises the following raw materials: 39kg of graphite tailings, 7kg of yttrium nitrate, 21kg of chloroplatinic acid, epoxy resin E5112 kg, 7kg of diethylenetriamine and 20kg of graphite.
Mixing chloroplatinic acid with deionized water with the mass of the chloroplatinic acid being 8 times that of the chloroplatinic acid to prepare a chloroplatinic acid solution; diethylene triamine was mixed with deionized water in an amount of 5 times the mass of the mixture to prepare a diethylene triamine solution. Mixing and grinding graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, sieving the mixture by a 150-mesh sieve, mixing the mixture with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating to 60 ℃, stirring at the temperature for 60min, heating to 125 ℃, and sealing and stirring at the temperature for 30 min; wherein the stirring speed after mixing with the chloroplatinic acid solution is 300 r/min. Then adding a diethylenetriamine solution, stirring at the temperature of 82 ℃ for 1.8h, and then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A; the stirring speed after the addition of the diethylenetriamine solution was 200 r/min. And uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing with epoxy resin E51, calcining for 6 hours at 500 ℃ in an argon atmosphere, and calcining for 10 hours at 1600 ℃.
Example 3
In an embodiment of the invention, the composite anode material comprises the following raw materials: 33kg of graphite tailings, 4kg of yttrium nitrate, 15kg of chloroplatinic acid, epoxy resin E517 kg, 4kg of diethylenetriamine and 12kg of graphite.
Mixing chloroplatinic acid with deionized water with the mass of the chloroplatinic acid being 8 times that of the chloroplatinic acid to prepare a chloroplatinic acid solution; diethylene triamine was mixed with deionized water in an amount of 5 times the mass of the mixture to prepare a diethylene triamine solution. Mixing and grinding graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, sieving the mixture by a 120-mesh sieve, mixing the mixture with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating to 59 ℃, stirring at the temperature for 55min, heating to 122 ℃, and sealing and stirring at the temperature for 30 min; wherein the stirring speed after mixing with the chloroplatinic acid solution is 280 r/min. Then adding a diethylenetriamine solution, stirring at the temperature of 81 ℃ for 1.8h, and then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A; the stirring speed after the addition of the diethylenetriamine solution was 200 r/min. And uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing with epoxy resin E51, calcining for 6 hours at 500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining for 10 hours at 1600 ℃.
Example 4
In an embodiment of the invention, the composite anode material comprises the following raw materials: 37kg of graphite tailings, 6kg of yttrium nitrate, 19kg of chloroplatinic acid, epoxy resin E5110 kg, 6kg of diethylenetriamine and 18kg of graphite.
Mixing chloroplatinic acid with deionized water with the mass of the chloroplatinic acid being 8 times that of the chloroplatinic acid to prepare a chloroplatinic acid solution; diethylene triamine was mixed with deionized water in an amount of 5 times the mass of the mixture to prepare a diethylene triamine solution. Mixing and grinding graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, sieving the mixture by a 120-mesh sieve, mixing the mixture with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating to 59 ℃, stirring at the temperature for 55min, heating to 122 ℃, and sealing and stirring at the temperature for 30 min; wherein the stirring speed after mixing with the chloroplatinic acid solution is 280 r/min. Then adding a diethylenetriamine solution, stirring at the temperature of 81 ℃ for 1.8h, and then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A; the stirring speed after the addition of the diethylenetriamine solution was 200 r/min. And uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing with epoxy resin E51, calcining for 6 hours at 500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining for 10 hours at 1600 ℃.
Example 5
In an embodiment of the invention, the composite anode material comprises the following raw materials: 35kg of graphite tailings, 5kg of yttrium nitrate, 17kg of chloroplatinic acid, epoxy resin E518 kg, 5kg of diethylenetriamine and 15kg of graphite.
Mixing chloroplatinic acid with deionized water with the mass of the chloroplatinic acid being 8 times that of the chloroplatinic acid to prepare a chloroplatinic acid solution; diethylene triamine was mixed with deionized water in an amount of 5 times the mass of the mixture to prepare a diethylene triamine solution. Mixing and grinding graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, sieving the mixture by a 120-mesh sieve, mixing the mixture with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating to 59 ℃, stirring at the temperature for 55min, heating to 122 ℃, and sealing and stirring at the temperature for 30 min; wherein the stirring speed after mixing with the chloroplatinic acid solution is 280 r/min. Then adding a diethylenetriamine solution, stirring at the temperature of 81 ℃ for 1.8h, and then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A; the stirring speed after the addition of the diethylenetriamine solution was 200 r/min. And uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing with epoxy resin E51, calcining for 6 hours at 500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining for 10 hours at 1600 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The starting materials and process were identical to those of example 5 except that chloroplatinic acid, diethylenetriamine, was not included.
Comparative example 2
Directly mixing graphite tailings, yttrium nitrate, chloroplatinic acid and diethylenetriamine, adding deionized water (the addition amount of the deionized water is consistent with that in example 5), stirring at the temperature of 81 ℃ for 1.8 hours, and then performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A; the stirring speed was 200 r/min. And uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing with epoxy resin E51, calcining for 6 hours at 500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining for 10 hours at 1600 ℃. The respective raw materials were identical to those used in example 5.
The composite negative electrode materials obtained in the examples and the comparative examples are prepared according to a conventional methodThe negative pole piece and the metal lithium piece are adopted as counter electrodes and adopt 1MLiPF6And+ EC, DEC-1: 1:1 system electrolyte, and a 25-micron thick PE/PP/PE diaphragm of the lithium ion battery to prepare a half battery. The test results are shown in table 1.
The composite negative electrode materials obtained in the examples and comparative examples were used to prepare negative electrodes, LiCoO2As the positive electrode, 1MLiPF is used6And+ EC, DEC-1: 1:1 system electrolyte, and 25-micron-thick PE/PP/PE diaphragm of the lithium ion battery to prepare the full battery. The first charge and discharge and cycle performance of the full cell were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 electrochemical performance test results of half-cell full cells of assembled lithium ion batteries
Figure BDA0001427956520000051
Figure BDA0001427956520000061
As can be seen from Table 1, the lithium ion battery half-cells assembled by the composite negative electrode materials obtained in examples 1-5 have higher first discharge gram capacity than comparative examples 1-2, have better rate performance under large current than the comparative examples, and have discharge capacities of 2C, 5C and 6C which are more than 98% of 1C discharge capacity; in addition, the capacity retention rate at 1C rate for 500 cycles of charge and discharge was larger than that of the comparative example. Experimental results show that the composite negative electrode material prepared by treating the graphite tailings by chloroplatinic acid and diethylenetriamine can be used as a novel composite negative electrode material to be applied to the field of lithium ion batteries, and has excellent electrochemical performance.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (8)

1. The composite negative electrode material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 31-39 parts of graphite tailings, 3-7 parts of yttrium nitrate, 13-21 parts of chloroplatinic acid, 515-12 parts of epoxy resin E, 3-7 parts of diethylenetriamine, 10-20 parts of graphite and a proper amount of deionized water.
2. The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the raw materials in parts by weight comprise: 33-37 parts of graphite tailings, 4-6 parts of yttrium nitrate, 15-19 parts of chloroplatinic acid, 517-10 parts of epoxy resin E, 4-6 parts of diethylenetriamine and 12-18 parts of graphite.
3. The composite anode material of claim 1, wherein the raw materials in parts by weight comprise: 35 parts of graphite tailings, 5 parts of yttrium nitrate, 17 parts of chloroplatinic acid, 518 parts of epoxy resin E, 5 parts of diethylenetriamine and 15 parts of graphite.
4. A method for preparing a composite anode material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) mixing chloroplatinic acid with deionized water with the mass of 7.5-8 times of that of the chloroplatinic acid to prepare a chloroplatinic acid solution; mixing diethylenetriamine with deionized water in an amount of 4.5 to 5 times the mass of the diethylenetriamine to prepare a diethylenetriamine solution;
2) mixing and grinding the graphite tailings and yttrium nitrate, sieving the mixture through a sieve with the temperature of 100-150 meshes, then mixing the mixture with a chloroplatinic acid solution, heating to the temperature of 58-60 ℃, stirring for 50-60min at the temperature, heating to the temperature of 120-125 ℃, and sealing and stirring for 25-30min at the temperature; then adding diethylenetriamine solution, stirring for 1.5-1.8h at the temperature of 80-82 ℃, and then performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a mixture A;
3) and uniformly mixing the mixture A and graphite, crushing the mixture, sieving the mixture by a sieve with 120-fold sand and 150 meshes, uniformly mixing the mixture A and the epoxy resin E51, calcining the mixture for 5.5 to 6 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃ in a protective atmosphere, and calcining the mixture for 8 to 10 hours at the temperature of 1500-fold sand and 1600 ℃ to obtain the catalyst.
5. The method for preparing the composite anode material according to claim 4, wherein the protective atmosphere is one of helium, nitrogen and argon.
6. The method for preparing the composite anode material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the stirring speed after mixing with the chloroplatinic acid solution in the step 2) is 250-300 r/min.
7. The method for preparing the composite negative electrode material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the stirring speed after the addition of the diethylenetriamine solution in the step 2) is 180-200 r/min.
8. Use of a composite anode material according to any of claims 1 to 3 in a battery.
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