CN107863506A - A kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper and preparation method for lithium battery - Google Patents
A kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper and preparation method for lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN107863506A CN107863506A CN201710985818.7A CN201710985818A CN107863506A CN 107863506 A CN107863506 A CN 107863506A CN 201710985818 A CN201710985818 A CN 201710985818A CN 107863506 A CN107863506 A CN 107863506A
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper and preparation method for lithium battery, and the material is after using single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal and nanometer glass putty low temperature consolute, in H2Microwave cold plasma sintering is carried out under/methane blended atmosphere, sintering temperature is controlled at 700 750 DEG C, the cupric tetramminosulfate coated by molten tin cracks at high temperature, a large amount of gases are released in recombination process, Porous Cu/tin alloy, and the nitrogen rich atmosphere by being discharged in sintering process are formed, processing is doped to the tin of external sheath after ionization, and the methane gas of ionization decomposes, carbon coating is carried out to metallic framework material.The loose structure and the hole wall of good conductive ability that the method is formed so that it can be effectively improved electron propagation ducts and improve electron mobility, and the loose structure of N doping can effectively control the volume deformation in charge and discharge process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of N doping tin/copper for lithium battery is porous
Negative material and preparation method.
Background technology
People are directed to researching and developing high performance lithium rechargeable battery in recent years, with adapt to various portable type electronic products and
Extensive use in communication tool, and progressively it is applied to the electrical source of power of electric automobile.Negative material is important as lithium battery
One of composition material, important function is served in terms of the capacity and cycle performance of battery is improved, in lithium battery industry
The core link of trip.
Lithium ion battery negative material is the important component of lithium ion battery, and the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of negative material is to lithium
The chemical property of ion battery has conclusive influence.In terms of the Development History of lithium ion battery, the development of negative material
Lithium ion battery is promoted to enter commercialization stage.Initial lithium battery is negative material using lithium metal, but lithium metal exists
Easily Li dendrite is produced during discharge and recharge and causes the safety issues such as on fire or blast.Then Zinc-lithium alloy material is developed to solve
Above-mentioned safety issue, but in embedding and removing volumetric expansion easily occurs for alloy material, causes cycle performance to decline.Afterwards
By further studying and comparing, have selected commercialization negative material of the graphited carbon as lithium ion battery.Commodity
It is 372mah/g to change graphite negative electrode of lithium ion battery theoretical specific capacity, and the poor lithium metal theoretical specific capacity of security is
3860mah/g, it is seen then that lithium battery reduces discharge capacity in material selection in order to ensure security.But graphitic carbon is deposited
Specific capacity is low and the features such as high rate performance difference, thus the negative material exploitation of lithium ion battery is still current scientific research heat
Point.
In order to further improve cathode specific capacity and high rate performance, tin base cathode starts gradually to be paid attention to.Kamash alloy
Material generally refers to tin and one or two kinds of compounds not formed with the metal of lithium reaction.Other metals typically play buffer volumes
The effect of change.Compared with simple tin, tin alloy can improve its cycle performance, tin-based material preparation side to a certain extent
Method is simple and easy and other are metallic alloying.But stannum alloy cathode deformation in charge and discharge process is larger, has a strong impact on
Cycle performance.Therefore the kamash alloy material of research new construction has important practical significance to improve its cycle performance.
China Patent Publication No. 106848198A discloses a kind of preparation method of lithium battery cathode pole piece, including following step
Suddenly：1. prepare kamash alloy plating solution；2. copper foil current collector pre-processes；3. electro-deposition kamash alloy/based particles composite deposite；④
Electro-deposition kamash alloy/carbon particle composite deposite.A kind of preparation method of lithium battery cathode pole piece provided by the invention, can not only
Cathode pole piece caused volumetric expansion in charge and discharge process of lithium battery is solve thed problems, such as, and then improves lithium battery
Charge-discharge performance and capacity.In addition, the preparation method of a kind of lithium battery cathode pole piece provided by the invention, it is not necessary to using viscous
Agent and conductive agent are tied, reduces the cost of manufacture of the cathode pole piece of lithium battery.But tin alloy electrode shape in charge and discharge process
Become larger, have a strong impact on cycle performance, it is therefore desirable to study the kamash alloy material of new construction to improve its cycle performance.
China Patent Publication No. 200710008997.5 discloses a kind of preparation of cathode material of tin-copper-nickel alloy in use for batteries
Method, its technical scheme are made up of plating and vacuum processing step.Plating solution forms:B diammonium disodium edta 50-85G, wine
Stone acid potassium sodium 10-53G, potassium pyrophosphate 100-250G, nickel sulfate 10-55G, sodium stannate 10-60G, distilled water 700-900ML.
0.2-60MIN is electroplated in current density 0.2-1.0A/DM2 sections, and the copper film electrode of cladding tin-nickel alloy is made.Will during application of vacuum
The copper film electrode of cladding tin-nickel alloy is placed in vacuum drying chamber, under vacuum 760-380MM mercury column, in 100-180 DEG C of processing
1-5H, it is incubated 24H.Cathode material of tin-copper-nickel alloy is made after cooling.There is the material outstanding discharge performance and discharge and recharge to follow
Ring stability.But the material preparation section is complicated, utilization rate of raw materials is low, easily causes Heavy environmental pollution.
In summary, stannum alloy cathode deformation in charge and discharge process is larger, has a strong impact on the cyclicity of lithium ion battery
Energy.Therefore, it is necessary to study a kind of tin base alloy anode material of new construction, to improve its cycle performance, this thinking has weight
The practical significance wanted.
The content of the invention
For using electro-deposition tinbase composite negative pole material in the prior art, obvious shape easily occurs in charge and discharge process
Become, cause battery to be destroyed, or even the danger exploded.The present invention develops a kind of N doping tin/copper for lithium battery
Porous negative material, the material have loose structure and the hole wall of good conductive ability so that it can be effectively improved electronics biography
Defeated passage and raising electron mobility, and the loose structure of N doping can effectively control the volume deformation in charge and discharge process.
To solve the above problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery, comprises the following steps：
（1）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal 20-60 parts, nanometer glass putty 40-80 parts are weighed by mass fraction；
（2）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is uniformly mixed with nanometer glass putty, system temperature is improved, reaches low temperature consolute shape
State, fusion temperature are 250-300 DEG C, and consolute material is poured into grinding tool, obtains tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal
Presoma；
（3）The presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is put into closed container, in H2/ methane mixed gas
In atmosphere, the presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is sintered using microwave cold plasma, sintering temperature is
700-750 DEG C, sintering time is 6-40 minutes, forms porous carbon coating N doping copper/stannum alloy cathode material.
Preferably, the particle diameter of single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is 10-200 microns, and purity 99.5% is described to receive
The particle diameter of rice glass putty is 80-200 nanometers, purity 99.95%.
Preferably, the aperture of the Porous Cu/tin alloy is 10-200 microns.
Preferably, the H2The volume ratio of/methane blended atmosphere is 1:0.3-2, air pressure 10-200Pa.
Preferably, the closed container is rustless steel container.
Preferably, the microwave power of the microwave cold plasma is 300-1500W.
Preferably, the stream of H2/ methane is controlled because ammonia release causes air pressure to raise in the plasma treatment procedure
Amount, air pressure increasing degree is kept to be less than 10%.
A kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery is provided, prepared by above-mentioned preparation method
By the doping of N element in the tin-riched layer of Porous Cu/tin alloy structural outside layers, and in one layer of C film of tin-riched layer outer wrapping.
Preferably, the thickness of the N doped layers is 1-2 microns, average doping concentration 0.1-5%, the thickness of the C film
It is graphite-like structure to spend for 0.2-2 microns, structure.
Electro-deposition tinbase composite negative pole material is used in existing scheme, obvious deformation easily occurs in charge and discharge process,
Battery is caused to be destroyed, or even the danger exploded.In consideration of it, the present invention propose a kind of N doping tin for lithium battery/
The porous negative material of copper and preparation method, the material are using single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal and nanometer glass putty low temperature consolute
Afterwards, in H2Microwave cold plasma sintering is carried out under/methane blended atmosphere, sintering temperature is controlled at 700-750 DEG C, passes through melting
The cupric tetramminosulfate of tin cladding is cracked at high temperature, and a large amount of gases are released in recombination process, forms Porous Cu/tin alloy,
And the nitrogen rich atmosphere by being discharged in sintering process, processing, and the first of ionization are doped to the tin of external sheath after ionization
Alkane gas is decomposed, and carbon coating is carried out to metallic framework material.The loose structure and the hole wall of good conductive ability that the method is formed,
Allow it to be effectively improved electron propagation ducts and improve electron mobility, and the loose structure of N doping can be controlled effectively
Volume deformation in charge and discharge process processed.Scheme preparation technology disclosed by the invention is simple, and raw material sources are extensive, pollution-free, into
This is low, it is easy to accomplish scale industrial production.
Typically applying for one is：N doping tin of the present invention/porous negative material of copper is used in Li ion batteries, it is led
Want performance comparison as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1：
The present invention proposes a kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper and preparation method for lithium battery, with prior art phase
Than, its protrude the characteristics of and excellent effect be：
1st, a kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery provided by the invention, the material surface loose structure
With the hole wall of good conductive ability so that it can be effectively improved electron propagation ducts and improve electron mobility, and N is adulterated
Loose structure can effectively control volume deformation in charge and discharge process, usage time is more permanent.
2nd, this programme directly forms porous negative material with microwave cold plasma sintering, and one-step shaping, treatment effeciency is high,
To operating personnel's non-hazardous.
3rd, scheme preparing raw material wide material sources disclosed by the invention, pollution-free, cost is low, it is easy to accomplish large-scale industrial is given birth to
Production.
Embodiment
Below by way of embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should not be interpreted as to the present invention
Scope be only limitted to following example.In the case where not departing from above method thought of the present invention, according to ordinary skill
The various replacements or change that knowledge and customary means are made, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
（1）Particle diameter is weighed as 200 microns by mass fraction, and purity is 99.5% single 60 parts of water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, particle diameter
For 80 nanometers, purity is 99.95% 40 parts of nanometer glass putty；
（2）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is uniformly mixed with nanometer glass putty, system temperature is improved, reaches low temperature consolute shape
State, fusion temperature are 250 DEG C, and consolute material is poured into grinding tool, obtains the forerunner of tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal
Body；
（3）The presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is put into stainless steel closed container, in H2/ methane
The volume ratio of mixed atmosphere is 1:2, air pressure is 10Pa H2In/methane blended atmosphere, microwave of the microwave power for 1500W is used
Cold plasma sinters the presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, due to ammonia in plasma treatment procedure
Gas release causes air pressure to raise, and controls H2The flow of/methane, air pressure increasing degree is kept to be less than 10%, sintering temperature is 700 DEG C,
Sintering time is 6 minutes, forms the doping by N element that aperture is 200 microns, and in one layer of C film of tin-riched layer outer wrapping
Porous carbon coating N doping copper/stannum alloy cathode material, the thickness of N doped layers is 1 micron, and average doping concentration 5%, carbon is thin
The thickness of film is 2 microns, and structure is graphite-like structure.
Performance test is carried out to the porous negative material of N doping tin/copper for lithium battery prepared in embodiment
Afterwards, it is as shown in table 2 that data are obtained.
Embodiment 2
（1）Particle diameter is weighed as 10 microns by mass fraction, and purity is 99.5% single 20 parts of water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, particle diameter
For 200 nanometers, purity is 99.95% 80 parts of nanometer glass putty；
（2）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is uniformly mixed with nanometer glass putty, system temperature is improved, reaches low temperature consolute shape
State, fusion temperature are 300 DEG C, and consolute material is poured into grinding tool, obtains the forerunner of tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal
Body；
（3）The presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is put into stainless steel closed container, in H2/ methane
The volume ratio of mixed atmosphere is 1:2, air pressure is 200Pa H2In/methane blended atmosphere, microwave of the microwave power for 500W is used
Cold plasma sinters the presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, due to ammonia in plasma treatment procedure
Gas release causes air pressure to raise, and controls H2The flow of/methane, air pressure increasing degree is kept to be less than 10%, sintering temperature is 750 DEG C,
Sintering time is 10 minutes, forms the doping by N element that aperture is 50 microns, and in one layer of C film of tin-riched layer outer wrapping
Porous carbon coating N doping copper/stannum alloy cathode material, the thickness of N doped layers is 1.5 microns, average doping concentration 0.8%,
The thickness of C film is 0.2 micron of graphite-like structure.
Performance test is carried out to the porous negative material of N doping tin/copper for lithium battery prepared in embodiment
Afterwards, it is as shown in table 2 that data are obtained.
Embodiment 3
（1）Particle diameter is weighed as 120 microns by mass fraction, and purity is 99.5% single 35 parts of water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, particle diameter
For 120 nanometers, purity is 99.95% 65 parts of nanometer glass putty；
（2）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is uniformly mixed with nanometer glass putty, system temperature is improved, reaches low temperature consolute shape
State, fusion temperature are 280 DEG C, and consolute material is poured into grinding tool, obtains the forerunner of tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal
Body；
（3）The presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is put into stainless steel closed container, in H2/ methane
The volume ratio of mixed atmosphere is 1:1.5, air pressure is 170Pa H2In/methane blended atmosphere, microwave power is used as 1300W's
Microwave cold plasma sinters the presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, in plasma treatment procedure by
Cause air pressure to raise in ammonia release, control H2The flow of/methane, keeps air pressure increasing degree to be less than 10%, and sintering temperature is
710 DEG C, sintering time is 25 minutes, forms the doping by N element that aperture is 80 microns, and in one layer of carbon of tin-riched layer outer wrapping
Porous carbon coating N doping copper/stannum alloy cathode material of film, the thickness of N doped layers is 1.8 microns, and average doping concentration is
5%, the thickness of the C film is 1 micron, and structure is graphite-like structure.
Performance test is carried out to the porous negative material of N doping tin/copper for lithium battery prepared in embodiment
Afterwards, it is as shown in table 2 that data are obtained.
Embodiment 4
（1）Particle diameter is weighed as 108 microns by mass fraction, and purity is 99.5% single 53 parts of water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, particle diameter
For 160 nanometers, purity is 99.95% 47 parts of nanometer glass putty；
（2）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is uniformly mixed with nanometer glass putty, system temperature is improved, reaches low temperature consolute shape
State, fusion temperature are 290 DEG C, and consolute material is poured into grinding tool, obtains the forerunner of tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal
Body；
（3）The presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is put into stainless steel closed container, in H2/ methane
The volume ratio of mixed atmosphere is 1:1.5, air pressure is 130Pa H2In/methane blended atmosphere, microwave power is used as the micro- of 500W
Ripple cold plasma sinters the presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, in plasma treatment procedure due to
Ammonia release causes air pressure to raise, and controls H2The flow of/methane, air pressure increasing degree is kept to be less than 10%, sintering temperature 720
DEG C, sintering time is 12 minutes, forms the doping by N element that aperture is 120 microns, and thin in one layer of carbon of tin-riched layer outer wrapping
Porous carbon coating N doping copper/stannum alloy cathode material of film, the thickness of N doped layers is 1.2 microns, and average doping concentration is
0.5%, the thickness of the C film is 1.3 microns, and structure is graphite-like structure.
Performance test is carried out to the porous negative material of N doping tin/copper for lithium battery prepared in embodiment
Afterwards, it is as shown in table 2 that data are obtained.
Embodiment 5
（1）Particle diameter is weighed as 20 microns by mass fraction, and purity is 99.5% single 25 parts of water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, particle diameter
For 140 nanometers, purity is 99.95% 75 parts of nanometer glass putty；
（2）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is uniformly mixed with nanometer glass putty, system temperature is improved, reaches low temperature consolute shape
State, fusion temperature are 260 DEG C, and consolute material is poured into grinding tool, obtains the forerunner of tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal
Body；
（3）The presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is put into stainless steel closed container, in H2/ methane
The volume ratio of mixed atmosphere is 1:1.9, air pressure is 90Pa H2In/methane blended atmosphere, microwave power is used as the micro- of 1000W
Ripple cold plasma sinters the presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal, in plasma treatment procedure due to
Ammonia release causes air pressure to raise, and controls H2The flow of/methane, air pressure increasing degree is kept to be less than 10%, sintering temperature 710
DEG C, sintering time is 32 minutes, forms the doping by N element that aperture is 180 microns, and thin in one layer of carbon of tin-riched layer outer wrapping
Porous carbon coating N doping copper/stannum alloy cathode material of film, the thickness of N doped layers is 1.9 microns, and average doping concentration is
4.5%, the thickness of the C film is 1.4 microns, and structure is graphite-like structure.
Performance test is carried out to the porous negative material of N doping tin/copper for lithium battery prepared in embodiment
Afterwards, it is as shown in table 2 that data are obtained.
Table 2：
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of a kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
（1）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal 20-60 parts, nanometer glass putty 40-80 parts are weighed by mass fraction；
（2）Single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is uniformly mixed with nanometer glass putty, system temperature is improved, reaches low temperature consolute shape
State, fusion temperature are 250-300 DEG C, and consolute material is poured into grinding tool, obtains tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal
Presoma；
（3）The presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is put into closed container, in H2/ methane mixed gas
In atmosphere, the presoma of the tin parcel form water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is sintered using microwave cold plasma, sintering temperature is
700-750 DEG C, sintering time is 6-40 minutes, forms porous carbon coating N doping copper/stannum alloy cathode material.
2. a kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the particle diameter of single water cupric tetramminosulfate crystal is 10-200 microns, purity 99.5%, the nanometer glass putty
Particle diameter be 80-200 nanometers, purity 99.95%.
3. a kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the aperture of the Porous Cu/tin alloy is 10-200 microns.
4. a kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the H2The volume ratio of/methane blended atmosphere is 1:0.3-2, air pressure 10-200Pa.
5. a kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the closed container is rustless steel container.
6. a kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the microwave power of the microwave cold plasma is 300-1500W.
7. a kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, because ammonia release causes air pressure to raise in the plasma treatment procedure, controls the flow of H2/ methane, protect
Air pressure increasing degree is held less than 10%.
8. a kind of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery, it is characterised in that as described in claim 1-8
By the doping of N element in the tin-riched layer of the Porous Cu that preparation method prepares/tin alloy structural outside layers, and in tin-riched layer outsourcing
Wrap up in one layer of C film.
9. a kind of preparation method of N doping tin/porous negative material of copper for lithium battery according to claim 8, its
It is characterised by, the thickness of the N doped layers is 1-2 microns, average doping concentration 0.1-5%, and the thickness of the C film is
0.2-2 microns, structure are graphite-like structure.
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| WO2021199587A1 (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Negative electrode active material for secondary batteries, and secondary battery using same |
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| WANG-JUN CUI等: ""Core–shell carbon-coated Cu6Sn5 prepared by in situ polymerization as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries"", 《J. MATER. CHEM.》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021199587A1 (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Negative electrode active material for secondary batteries, and secondary battery using same |
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| CN107863506B (en) | 2018-11-16 |
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