CN107861080B - A kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate - Google Patents
A kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/543—Control of the operation of the MR system, e.g. setting of acquisition parameters prior to or during MR data acquisition, dynamic shimming, use of one or more scout images for scan plane prescription
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/561—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution by reduction of the scanning time, i.e. fast acquiring systems, e.g. using echo-planar pulse sequences
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/561—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution by reduction of the scanning time, i.e. fast acquiring systems, e.g. using echo-planar pulse sequences
- G01R33/5613—Generating steady state signals, e.g. low flip angle sequences [FLASH]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/56308—Characterization of motion or flow; Dynamic imaging
Abstract
A kind of method that the present invention discloses dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate, using the acquisition mode based on echo-planar imaging, i.e. primary excitation using read gradient it is forward and reverse be switched fast composed by echo train disposably fill up the acquisition mode in the space K temporal resolution greatly improved, and the variation of tissue MR signal is measured using the spin-echo imaging that multiple times offset, realize that the dynamic of OEF is measured according to the relationship of this variation and tissue OEF later.The present invention solves the problems, such as that traditional scanning sequence GESSE is longer because of acquisition time caused by acquisition mode, substantially increases the temporal resolution of OEF measurement, and then is expected to carry out studying physiological variation from new visual angle, and push Neuscience and clinical medical development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of magnetic resonance imaging more particularly to a kind of methods of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate.
Background technique
Oxygen uptake rate (Oxygen Extraction Fraction, OEF) describes group when blood flows through capillary bed
Knit the amount that oxygen is absorbed from blood, the i.e. ratio of oxygen demand and oxygen-supplying amount.Main energy sources needed for organ activity are in aerobic
Metabolism, therefore OEF can directly reflect the sustainability and activity of organ, be the important symbol of organ health and function.In
In terms of clinical application, OEF be used to study cerebral infarction, tumour, senile dementia, cerebral ischemia, in the disease related with oxygen consumption such as anaemia.
In terms of Cognitive Neuroscience, OEF the research in functional stimulus will be helpful to understand the active procedure between related brain areas with
And the specific psychological stage, therefore the development that quantifier elimination not only contributes to clinical application is surveyed to OEF dynamic, while being also cognition
The development of Neuscience provides strong technical support.
Based on magnetic resonance imaging (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI) technology measurement OEF method be mainly
It is utilized in blood after absorbing oxygen by tissue with diamagnetic oxygen-containing hemoglobin and becomes blood red with paramagnetic deoxidation
Albumen (deoxygenated hemoglobin, dHb) is so as to cause the principle of the MR loss of signal.Yablonskiy in 1994 and
Haacke propose a kind of direction is random, endless (relative to vessel radius) cylindrical blood vessel network model come study by
The variation of tissue MR signal caused by dHb, to establish OEF and organize the relationship of MR signal intensity.
The common method of measurement tissue MR signal intensity is to sample spin echo (Gradient using based on gtadient echo
Echo Sampling of Spin Echo, GESSE) imaging technique.The technology is because only filling in the space K one using primary excitation
Capable acquisition mode fills up all rows in the space K and then needs to excite several times, this allow for the acquisition time of the imaging method with
K space acquisition line number is multiple increase, while repeatedly excitation keeps image very sensitive to moving.Therefore, GESSE imaging technique is simultaneously
It is not able to satisfy requirement of the OEF dynamic measurement in temporal resolution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that acquisition time is longer, the invention proposes a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate, bases
In the acquisition mode of echo-planar imaging (Echo Planar Imaging, EPI), i.e., primary excitation utilizes the positive and negative of reading gradient
The acquisition mode in the space K is disposably filled up to composed echo train is switched fast, and utilizes and is based on spin echo (Spin
Echo, SE) multiple times offset echo to measure the imaging technique of tissue MR signal intensity.Thus principle, the technology life
Spin echo-echo-planar imaging (Multiple-Offset-Spin-Echo Echo-Planar that entitled multiple times offset
Imaging, MOSE-EPI).Meanwhile MOSE-EPI has also combined parallel imaging technique and further improves its temporal resolution,
It is set to be greatly improved in temporal resolution than GESSE sequence.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate, comprising: the spin offset using echo-planar imaging and multiple times
The mode that echo-wave imaging combines acquires the MR signal in test serum and calculates the relaxation rate of the reversible part of MR signal decaying
Constant R2' and venous blood volume fraction λ, then according to R2' and λ the oxygen uptake rate OEF of test serum is calculated, realize oxygen
The dynamic of uptake ratio measures.
Further, the invention also includes: calculate R2' with before λ, the MR signal collected is pre-processed,
The pretreatment includes motion correction, image registration and smooth.
Further, the present invention acquires the MR signal in test serum by the following method:
With the signal of water in 90 ° of optional water excitation pulses excitation test serum certain layer, the magnetization of this layer is sweared
After amount is energized into transverse plane, in spin echo time (Echo Time of Spin Echo, TESE) half at apply one
180 ° are returned poly- pulse, so that the magnetization vector of dephasing starts slowly to meet again, later using including spin echo time (TE againSEPlace)
Spin echo that multiple and different times inside offset (hereinafter referred to as counteracting echo, including it is at least a pair of relative to from cycle
Wave symmetrically offsets echo and at least four counteracting echoes after spin echo) collect multiple and different MR signals.
Further, by echo-planar imaging combined with the spin-echo imaging that multiple times offset in the way of acquire
To test serum in the relationship that changes over time of MR signal it is writeable are as follows:
Wherein S0For equilibrium state signal；λ is venous blood volume fraction；R2' and R2The respectively reversible part of MR signal decaying
With the relaxation rate constant of irreversible part；δ ω is (the related parameter value meter that can be measured according to forefathers of frequency shift (FS) caused by dHb
It obtains).
Further, the relaxation rate constant R of the reversible part of MR signal decaying is calculated2' include:
MR is calculated and believes using relative to symmetrical first of spin echo and third counteracting echo according to formula (2)
Number decaying irreversible part relaxation rate constant R2,
Wherein, TESEFor spin echo time, Δ TE1For echo sounding, Δ TE1=TE2-TE1=TE3-TE2, TE2=
TESE, TE1For first counteracting echo time, TE3The echo time is offset for third；
Then R is gone out using linear least square curve matching at least four counteracting echoes after spin echo2′。
Further, λ is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein Sextrapolated(TESE) it is by t=TESEThe third line formula substituted into formula (1) is calculated in TESEWhen
Signal, S (TESE) it is the spin echo signal that actual acquisition obtains.
Further, OEF is by by R2' it is calculated with λ substitution formula (4):
Wherein γ is gyromagnetic ratio；Δχ0For the magnetic susceptibility coefficient difference of complete oxygen-containing hemoglobin and full deoxyhemoglobin,
Value is 0.18ppm per unit Hct；Hct is erythrocyte specific volume score (representative value for wherein organizing Hct is 0.357)；B0Based on
Magnetic field strength.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1, the present invention is suitable for all model hypothesis based on Yablonskiy and Haacke theory, such as: single group knits mould
Type and multi-tissue model；
2, a kind of new skill of spin echo-echo-planar imaging offset based on multiple times provided by the invention is utilized
Art --- MOSE-EPI, dynamic can not be carried out to OEF due to time of measuring is longer at present by, which solving the problems, such as, measures.Compared to biography
The time of measuring of OEF is shortened to a millisecond magnitude (to acquire single layer from minute magnitude by system measurement method GESSE sequence, the present invention
For data), this has not only saved time cost, also provides strong technical support for the development of Cognitive Neuroscience, together
When also for studying physiological variation provide new visual angle.
3, the present invention can also be realized to intermediate variable R simultaneously2', R2It is measured with the dynamic of λ.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is MOSE-EPI magnetic resonance sequences schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the OEF activation figure obtained under the right and wrong Motor stimulation of both hands.
Fig. 3 is that the OEF obtained using the active region in main movement region as region of interest changes timing diagram relatively.
Specific embodiment
To keep the features of the present invention more clear and easy to understand, representative preferred embodiment used below, and cooperate institute
Attached drawing is described in detail.It should be pointed out that the invention is not limited to described specific structure, function, Apparatus and method for,
Also it can have the combination of other embodiments or other embodiments.Element number described in the present invention can also
To be set as multiple.In addition, to avoid other examples from obscuring with the present invention, for some technologies well known in the art
Feature and details are not described.
The present invention provides a kind of new sequence of spin echo-echo-planar imaging offset based on multiple times, names
For MOSE-EPI (Multiple-Offset-Spin-Echo Echo-Planar Imaging).The sequence is because it is with higher
Temporal resolution can be applied to functional mri (functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging, fMRI) research in.This example uses the magnetic resonance experiments method of block design (Block Design), with both hands song
The specific implementation method of the sequence is described in detail using MOSE-EPI sequence as measurement means for experimental duties in straight movement.It is worth strong
It adjusts, this method is not limited to motor task, and other types experimental duties can be according to similar step process.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of MOSE-EPI sequence of the invention.Wherein, RF is radio-frequency pulse, Gx,yFor frequency encoding gradient
And phase encoding gradient, GzFor level selection gradient, here by taking simple six echoes as an example, i.e., a pair is symmetrical with spin echo
The counteracting echoes offsetting echo and four and being located at after spin echo, TE2=TESE, Δ TE1With Δ TE2For echo sounding,
Middle Δ TE1=TE2-TE1=TE3-TE2, Δ TE2=TE4-TE3=TE5-TE4=TE6-TE5。
The sweep parameter used in this example: visual field size is 26 centimetre；Matrix size is 64 × 64；Repetition time
(Repetition Time, TR) is 2000 milliseconds；Thickness is 6 millimeters, acquires 10 layers in a manner of the acquisition of interval to cover fortune
Dynamic area；TESEIt is 100 milliseconds；ΔTE1It is 35 milliseconds；ΔTE2It is 12.4 milliseconds.The setting of above-mentioned sweep parameter can be appointed
Meaning is chosen, here just for the preferred embodiment of the example.
Specific experiment task is that 12 seconds skies are swept (in order to so that signal is reached stable state), is later three rest blocks and two hands
Dynamic task block is alternately present, and is synchronized using synchronous stimulation instrument when experimental duties start and is started to acquire MOSE-EPI signal, according to
The tissue signal of every 2 seconds available six different echo times is arranged (for convenience of understanding, referred to as one group of letter in the above sequential parameter
Number), this experiment acquires 162 seconds data (i.e. 81 groups of signals) altogether.
According to Yablonskiy and Haacke theoretical model, above-mentioned sequence acquisition to the relationship that changes over time of signal
Are as follows:
Wherein S0For equilibrium state signal；λ is venous blood volume fraction；R2' and R2The respectively reversible part of MR signal decaying
With the relaxation rate constant of irreversible part；δ ω is frequency shift (FS) caused by dHb.
The collected 12 seconds empty total numbers will most be started to remove according to (i.e. six groups of signals), remaining 75 groups of data utilize SPM12
It includes motion correction that software, which passes through it a series of, then image registration and smoothly equal image preprocessings are directed to each group
Six different echo-signals in data carry out following calculate:
Echo is offset using first and third according to formula (2), and R is calculated2,
Specific calculating process are as follows: by t=TESE-ΔTE1=TE1Substitute into the first row formula in formula (1), t=TESE+Δ
TE1=TE3The third line formula in formula (1) is substituted into, unknown parameter can be balanced out by combining, so that R be calculated2；
Go out R using linear least square curve matching followed by rear four counteracting echoes2', and combine by second
Offset the spin echo signal S (TE that echo obtainsSE) λ is calculated according to formula (3),
Wherein Sextrapolated(TESE) it is by t=TESEThe third formula substituted into formula (1) is calculated in TESEWhen letter
Number, S (TESE) it is the spin echo signal that actual acquisition obtains；
Finally by R2' and λ substitute into formula (4) and acquire the OEF of each voxel, i.e. one group of data obtain width OEF figure,
Wherein γ is gyromagnetic ratio；Δχ0For the magnetic susceptibility coefficient difference of complete oxygen-containing hemoglobin and full deoxyhemoglobin,
Value is 0.18ppm per unit Hct；Hct is erythrocyte specific volume score (representative value for wherein organizing Hct is 0.357)；B0Based on
Magnetic field strength.
Fig. 2 is the OEF activation figure obtained under the right and wrong Motor stimulation of both hands.OEF time series (75 of the figure to each voxel
A time point) by general linear model progress activation analysis, and voxel level P < 0.001 is used, horizontal P < 0.05 of cluster
The activation figure that FWE is corrected, as can be seen from the figure fortune is felt all in moving region, including primary motor cortex in active region
Dynamic cortex and synkinesia cortex.The result of this and fMRI correlative study is consistent, and the active region is than common BOLD
(Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependence) technology measurement more concentrates on grey matter regions, it can be seen that this method is feasible
's.
Fig. 3 is that the OEF obtained using the active region in main movement region as region of interest changes timing diagram relatively.From figure
It can be seen that OEF is to reduce under task state, this also complies with physiological mechanism, and the average opposite variation size of OEF also with its
His image technique, such as: Positron Emission Computed Tomography technology is identical with the result that diffusion optical imagery obtains, compared to
The advantage of these image techniques, magnetic resonance has been it is well known that being just not discussed in detail herein.Simultaneously under tranquillization state, obtain
To the result that is also obtained with other many OEF quantitative measurments of numerical values recited (0.349) be consistent, thus further illustrate
, advantage and feasibility of the invention.
In conclusion utilizing a kind of spin echo-echo-planar imaging offset based on multiple times provided by the invention
New technology --- MOSE-EPI, solve the problems, such as at present due to time of measuring is longer can not to OEF carry out dynamic measure.Phase
Compared with traditional measurement method GESSE sequence, the time of measuring of OEF is shortened to a millisecond magnitude (to adopt from minute magnitude by the present invention
For collection single layer data), this has not only saved time cost, also provides strong technology branch for the development of Cognitive Neuroscience
It holds, while also providing new visual angle for studying physiological variation.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate, comprising: using echo-planar imaging and multiple times offset from cycle
The mode that combines of wave imaging acquire the MR signal in test serum and calculate the reversible part of MR signal decaying relaxation rate it is normal
Number R2' and venous blood volume fraction λ, then according to R2' and λ the oxygen uptake rate OEF of test serum is calculated, realize that oxygen is taken the photograph
The dynamic of rate is taken to measure.
2. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: calculating R2′
Before λ, the MR signal collected is pre-processed, the pretreatment includes motion correction, image registration and smooth.
3. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that acquire by the following method
MR signal in test serum:
With the signal of water in 90 ° of optional water excitation pulses excitation test serum certain layer, the magnetization vector of this layer is swashed
After being dealt into transverse plane, applies one 180 ° at the half of spin echo time and return poly- pulse, so that the magnetization vector weight of dephasing
It is poly-, it is obtained later using the spin echo acquisition that multiple and different times including spin echo time offset multiple and different
MR signal, the spin echo that the multiple different time is offset symmetrically offset echo relative to spin echo including at least a pair
And at least four after spin echo offset echo.
4. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that utilize echo-planar imaging
It is changed over time with the MR signal in the collected test serum of mode that the spin-echo imaging that multiple times offset combines
Relationship are as follows:
Wherein S0For equilibrium state signal；λ is venous blood volume fraction；R2' and R2The respectively reversible part and not of MR signal decaying
The relaxation rate constant of reversible part；δ ω is frequency shift (FS) caused by dHb；TESEFor spin echo time.
5. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that calculate the decaying of MR signal
The relaxation rate constant R of reversible part2' include:
MR signal is calculated and declines using relative to symmetrical first of spin echo and third counteracting echo according to formula (2)
The relaxation rate constant R of the irreversible part subtracted2,
Wherein, TESEFor spin echo time, Δ TE1For echo sounding, Δ TE1=TE2-TE1=TE3-TE2, TE2=TESE, TE1
For first counteracting echo time, TE3The echo time is offset for third；
Then R is gone out using linear least square curve matching at least four counteracting echoes after spin echo2′。
6. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that calculated by formula (3)
Obtain λ:
Wherein Sextrapolated(TESE) it is by t=TESEThe third line formula substituted into formula (1) is calculated in TESEWhen letter
Number, S (TESE) it is the spin echo signal that actual acquisition obtains.
7. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that OEF is by by R2' and λ generation
Enter formula (4) to be calculated:
Wherein γ is gyromagnetic ratio, Δ χ0For the magnetic susceptibility coefficient difference of complete oxygen-containing hemoglobin and full deoxyhemoglobin, Hct is blood
Hematocrit value score, B0For main field strength.
8. a kind of method of dynamic measurement oxygen uptake rate as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that Δ χ0Value be 0.18ppm
Per unit Hct, organizing the representative value of Hct is 0.357.
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| CN110507327B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2020-05-22 | 北京大学 | Method for dynamically measuring oxygen metabolism rate in low oxygen environment |
| CN111096748B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2023-06-02 | 首都医科大学宣武医院 | Method for dynamically measuring cerebral oxygen metabolism rate |
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